Multifunctional sensor system

• US 5,606,170 A
• Filed: 02/03/1995
• Issued: 02/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Research International Incorporated Corporation of Washington
• Original Assignee: Research International Incorporated
• Inventors: Saaski, Elric W., McCrae, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Glick, Edward J.
• Application Number:
  US08/383,362
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 250/458.1, 250/337, 250/474.1, 250/341.2, 250/459.1, 250/227.14, 250/227.18, 250/227.32
• US Class Current: 250/458.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6432 Quenching
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/648 using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/7703 using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides using measurement of total internal reflection or attenuated total reflection G01N21/552; optical fibres or waveguides per se G02B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0642 Light traps; baffles

Abstract

A multifunctional sensor system for an intrinsic type optical sensing fiber. A numerical aperture controlling optical input element for the excitation fiber may maximize the amount of sensing fiber modulated return light. The excitation fiber may be centered in a ring or linear array of return fibers, to inject excitation light into the return light poor center of the sensing fiber; and to capture return light from the return light rich outer parts of the sensing fiber. Tipping the return fibers with respect to the sensing fiber may increase their capture of high numerical aperture return light. The sizes and number of the adjacent ends of the excitation, return and sensing fibers may be selected to minimize the effects of any lateral displacement between the adjacent ends. The sensing fiber may generate both reference and sensor return light; and a ratiometric output signal may be derived from the reference and sensor return light which may be free of certain system errors. Ribbon-like sensor and sensing fibers may be provided; along with a transition fiber if the sensor and sensing fibers are of different sizes. An annular, possibly tapered, waveguide may be provided around the sensing fiber, to better capture the return light. The waveguide may either pass the target objective; or it may be hollow, and define a sample chamber for the target objective. The ends of the sensing fiber and/or the annular waveguide may be mirrored, to dramatically increase the output of return light, and thus, the sensitivity of the sensor system.

Claims

1. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said optical input means comprises an optical numerical aperture control means, and an excitation optical fiber means;

wherein said optical numerical aperture control means is for generating modally controlled excitation light from said excitation light, and is also for delivering said modally controlled excitation light to said excitation optical fiber means; and

wherein said modally controlled excitation light received by said excitation optical fiber means is, on the average, less coaxially aligned with a longitudinal axis of said excitation optical fiber means, than would be the case without said optical numerical aperture control means.

2. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said excitation optical fiber means comprises an input end;

and wherein said optical numerical aperture control means comprises an at least generally conical protrusion located near said input end of said excitation optical fiber means.

3. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said excitation optical fiber means comprises an input end;

and wherein said optical numerical aperture control means comprises an at least generally conical pit located near said input end of said excitation optical fiber means.

4. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said sensor modulated return light comprises sensor modulated fluorescence return light, wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having an external surface;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means further comprises at least one fluorophore on at least a portion of said external surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said at least one fluorophore emits said sensor modulated fluorescence return light as a function of said sensed target objective when said at least one fluorophore is in the presence of said sensed target objective and is simultaneously stimulated by said modally controlled excitation light; and

wherein said modally controlled excitation light is, at least generally, delivered to said excitation optical fiber means by said numerical aperture control means at about the highest possible angle below an escape angle at which said modally controlled excitation light would be lost from said excitation optical fiber means, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated fluorescence return light which is emitted by said at least one fluorophore in the presence of said sensed target objective, for any given amount of said excitation light emitted from said light source.

5. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

an optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said optical input means comprises at least one excitation optical fiber having an output end with a central portion;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having an interface end with a central portion;

wherein said at least one excitation optical fiber is for conveying said excitation light to said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said central portion of said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber is at least generally coincident with said central portion of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber completely overlaps said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber; and

wherein the size of said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber is up to about 80% of the size of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, to tend to maximize the amount of said excitation light which is conveyed by said at least one excitation optical fiber to said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, despite any lateral misalignment of said central portion of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber with respect to said central portion of said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber.

6. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having an interface end face;

wherein said optical return means comprise at least one return light optical fiber having an input end with an input end face defined by a taper;

wherein said interface end face of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber and said input end face of said at least one return light optical fiber at least substantially overlap with each other; and

wherein said at least one return light optical fiber is tilted at an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, such that said input end face of said at least one return light optical fiber is parallel to said interface end face of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated return light which is conveyed away from said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber by said least one return light optical fiber.

7. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having an interface end;

wherein said optical return means comprise at least one return light optical fiber having an input end;

wherein said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber and said input end of said at least one return light optical fiber at least substantially overlap with each other;

wherein said sensor modulated return light comprises sensor modulated fluorescence return light;

wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber has an external surface;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means further comprises at least one fluorophore on at least a portion of said external surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said at least one fluorophore emits said sensor modulated fluorescence return light as a function of said sensed target objective when said at least one fluorophore is in the presence of said sensed target objective and is simultaneously stimulated by said excitation light;

wherein at least a majority of said sensor modulated fluorescence return light is concentrated in an interface annular ring extending over no more than about the outer 20% of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber; and

wherein said input end of said at least one return light optical fiber at least substantially overlaps said interface annular ring, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated fluorescence return light which is conveyed away from said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber by said at least one return light optical fiber.

8. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 7, wherein there are a plurality of said return light optical fibers;

wherein each of said return light optical fibers has an input end;

wherein said input ends of said plurality of return light optical fibers form an annular ring which at least substantially overlaps said interface annular ring of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated fluorescence return light which is conveyed away from said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber by said plurality of return light optical fibers.

9. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 8, wherein said optical input means comprises at least one excitation optical fiber having an output end;

wherein said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber is located at least substantially within said interface annular ring of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber; and

wherein said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber is located at least substantially within said annular ring formed by said input ends of said plurality of said return light optical fibers.

10. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 8, wherein said annular ring formed by said input ends of said return light optical fibers is at least about 20% wider than said annular ring of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated fluorescence return light which is conveyed away from said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber by said plurality of return light optical fibers, despite any lateral misalignment of said annular ring formed by said input ends of said return light optical fibers with respect to said annular ring of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

11. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprise at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber and a diffuse scattering media;

wherein said diffuse scattering media is located within at least a portion of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said sensor modulated return light comprises a first, sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light;

wherein, in response to said excitation light, said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means also generates a second, reference wave band of return light;

wherein said second reference wave band of return light comprises a backscattered portion of said excitation light that has been backscattered by said diffuse scattering media in the presence of said excitation light;

wherein said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and said reference wave band of return light are not identical; and

wherein said optical return means comprise ratiometric means for deriving a ratiometric electrical output signal from said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and from said reference wave band of return light, to tend to null certain optical errors in said multifunctional sensor system.

12. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprise at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having a sidewall;

wherein said sidewall comprises a roughened portion;

wherein said sensor modulated return light comprises a first, sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light;

wherein, in response to said excitation light, said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means also generates a second, reference wave band of return light;

wherein said second, reference wave band of return light comprises a backscattered portion of said excitation light that has been backscattered by said roughened portion of said sidewall of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and said reference wave band of return light are not identical; and

wherein said optical return means comprise a ratiometric means for deriving a ratiometric electrical output signal from said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and from said reference wave band of return light, to tend to null certain optical errors in said multifunctional sensor system.

13. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said sensor modulated return light comprises a first, sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light;

wherein, in response to said excitation light, said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means also generates a second, reference wave band of return light;

wherein said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and said reference wave band of return light are not identical;

wherein said optical return means comprise ratiometric means for deriving a ratiometric electrical output signal from said sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light and from said reference wave band of return light, to tend to null certain optical errors in said multifunctional sensor system;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprise at least a first fluorophore and a second fluorophore;

wherein said first, sensor wave band of sensor modulated return light comprises fluorescence return light emitted by said first fluorophore when said first fluorophore is in the presence of said sensed target objective and is simultaneously stimulated by said excitation light; and

wherein said second, reference wave band of return light comprises fluorescence return light emitted by said second fluorophore when said second fluorophore is stimulated by said excitation light.

14. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means further comprises an annular waveguide means;

wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber generates said sensor modulated return light;

wherein said annular waveguide means at least partially surrounds said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber; and

wherein said annular waveguide means are for capturing a captured portion of said sensor modulated return light generated by said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, and are for delivering said captured portion of said sensor modulated return light to said optical return means.

15. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said annular waveguide means has an outer surface, and wherein at least a portion of said outer surface is tapered with respect to a longitudinal axis of said annular waveguide means, to tend to decrease the angle at which said captured portion of said sensor modulated return light is injected by said annular waveguide means into said optical return means with respect to a longitudinal axis of an input portion of said optical return means.

16. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said annular waveguide means has an inner surface;

wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber has an outer surface; and

wherein a sensed target objective sampling chamber is at least partially defined between said inner surface of said annular waveguide means and said outer surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

17. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said annular waveguide means has an outer surface;

and wherein at least a portion of said outer surface is mirrored, to tend to increase the amount of said captured portion of said sensor modulated return light and to tend to increase the amount of said captured portion of said sensor modulated return light which is delivered to said optical return means by said annular waveguide means.

18. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a distal end;

and wherein at least a portion of said distal end is mirrored, to tend to increase the amount of said sensor modulated return light which is generated by said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

19. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a distal end;

and wherein said distal end is tapered at an angle no greater than about 45°

, to help prevent said excitation light from being reflected by said distal end.

20. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a distal end;

and wherein said distal end is at least partially covered with a material selected to absorb said excitation light, to help prevent said excitation light from being reflected by said distal end.

21. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said annular waveguide means has an inner surface and an outer surface;

wherein said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber has an outer surface;

wherein at least a portion of said inner surface of said annular waveguide means is in contact with a corresponding portion of said outer surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein at least a portion of said annular waveguide means is made from a material selected to permit said sensed target objective to pass through said annular waveguide means and reach at least part of said corresponding portion of said outer surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, when said outer surface of said annular waveguide means is exposed to said sensed target objective.

22. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 21, wherein said outer surface of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a layer of at least one fluorophore that is sensitive to said sensed target objective.

23. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 14, wherein said annular waveguide means comprises an annular sensor optical fiber portion, an annular transition optical fiber portion, and an annular intrinsic optical sensing fiber portion which at least partially surrounds said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said annular sensor optical fiber portion has a radial thickness greater than the radial thickness of said annular intrinsic optical sensing fiber portion which at least partially surrounds said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber; and

wherein said annular transition optical fiber portion optically connects said annular sensor optical fiber portion and said annular intrinsic optical sensing fiber portion which at least partially surrounds said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

24. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one sensor optical fiber in optical communication with at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

25. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 24, wherein said at least one sensor optical fiber has a thickness greater than the thickness of said at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

and wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means further comprises a transition optical fiber means for optically connecting said at least one sensor optical fiber with said at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber.

26. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 25, wherein said at least one sensor optical fiber comprises at least one ribbon-like sensor optical fiber.

27. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 25, wherein said at least one sensor optical fiber comprises a sidewall;

and wherein at least a portion of said sidewall of said at least one sensor optical fiber is curved.

28. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 24, wherein said at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a distal end;

and wherein said distal end is tapered at an angle of no greater than about 45°

, to help prevent said excitation light from being reflected by said distal end.

29. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 24, wherein said at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber comprises a distal end;

and wherein said distal end is at least partially covered with a material selected to absorb said excitation light, to help prevent said excitation light from being reflected by said distal end.

30. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 24, wherein said at least one sensor optical fiber comprises at least one ribbon-like sensor optical fiber.

31. The multifunctional sensor system according to claim 24, wherein said at least one sensor optical fiber comprises a sidewall;

and wherein at least a portion of said sidewall of said at least one sensor optical fiber is curved.

32. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one ribbon-like sensor optical fiber in optical communication with at least one ribbon-like intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said optical input means comprises at least one excitation optical fiber having an output end;

wherein said at least one ribbon-like sensor optical fiber has an interface end;

wherein said optical return means comprises at least one return light optical fiber having an input end; and

wherein said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber and said input end of said at least one return light optical fiber are arranged to form a linear array which is located adjacent to said interface end of said at least one ribbon-like sensor optical fiber.

33. A multifunctional optical sensor system for sensing a sensed target objective, wherein said sensor system comprises:

an optical input means;

an intrinsic optical sensor means comprising an intrinsic optical sensing fiber means; and

optical return means;

wherein said optical input means are adapted to receive excitation light from an excitation light source;

wherein said optical input means are for conveying said excitation light to said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means are for utilizing said excitation light to generate sensor modulated return light as a function of said sensed target objective;

wherein said optical return means are for conveying said sensor modulated return light away from said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means;

wherein said optical input means comprises at least one excitation optical fiber having an output end with a central portion;

wherein said intrinsic optical sensing fiber means comprises at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber having an interface end with a central portion;

wherein said at least one excitation optical fiber is for conveying said excitation light to said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said central portion of said output end of said at least one excitation optical fiber is at least generally coincident with said central portion of said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber, to tend to maximize the amount of said excitation light which is conveyed by said at least one excitation optical fiber to said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber;

wherein said optical return means comprise at least one return light optical fiber having an input end;

wherein said at least one excitation optical fiber and said at least one return light optical fiber comprise separate optical fibers; and

wherein said interface end of said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber and said input end of said at least one return light optical fiber at least substantially overlap with each other, to tend to maximize the amount of said sensor modulated return light which is conveyed away from said at least one intrinsic optical sensing fiber by said at least one return light optical fiber.