Method for optimal retrieval of non-volume-specific data

• US 5,606,679 A
• Filed: 02/28/1995
• Issued: 02/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Nagin, Kenneth, Zeidner, Efaim, Moatti, Yosef, Novick, Yoram, Micka, William F., Cohn, Oded
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PEIKARI, BEHZAD
• Application Number:
  US08/396,038
• Time in Patent Office: 728 Days
• Field of Search: 395/600, 395/650, 395/438, 395/445, 395/479, 395/857, 395/858, 395/403, 395/404, 395/435, 395/439, 364/DIG. 1
• US Class Current: 711/4
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0601 Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0673 Single storage device

Abstract

A method and apparatus for improving storage controller throughput and reducing unit control block contention when selecting a Utility Volume for servicing non-specific read requests. Throughput is increased by enabling the storage controller to service non-specific read requests issued against a Utility Volume which is not the same as the device associated with the data that the non-specific read is requesting. The Utility Volume is dynamically selected by considering the current loads on the available devices for both specific and non-specific processing. A Penalty Index is assigned to each volume, wherein the Penalty Index is a weighted average of the specific and non-specific processing. The device having the lowest Penalty Index is selected as the Utility Volume for a session. A Penalty Index evaluation is made at a Reference Point which is further enabled by a random clock to ensure that sessions do not likely pick the same Utility Volume.

Claims

1. In a data processing system having at least one host system, a storage controller attached to said host system, and a plurality of data storage devices connected to said storage controller, said host system maintaining a host unit control block for each said data storage device of said plurality of data storage devices and said storage controller maintaining a controller unit control block for each of said data storage devices, at least one data storage device being selected as a current Utility Volume, a method for selecting a new Utility Volume for servicing a session generating a non-specific read request for a data record from said host system comprising the steps of:

interrogating said session generating the non-specific read request at said host system for said data record, wherein said data record resides on a first data storage device of said plurality of data storage devices having a first host control block corresponding with said non-specific read request;

determining whether a selection must be made for selecting the new Utility Volume;

if a new Utility Volume selection is required, selecting the new Utility Volume from said plurality of data storage devices based upon weighted load conditions of said plurality of data storage devices, the new Utility Volume having a lowest weighted load condition and a second host unit control block being associated therewith, wherein said second host unit control block corresponds to a second data storage device of said plurality of data storage devices, said second data storage device different than said first device;

locking said second host unit control block; and

transmitting said non-specific read request to said storage controller, said non-specific read request including said second host unit control block.

2. The method of selecting the new Utility Volume as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of determining whether a selection for the new Utility Volume must be made further comprises determining current load conditions of the current Utility Volume, including specific and non-specific loads, such selection being required when said current load conditions exceed a predetermined threshold.

3. The method of selecting the new Utility Volume as recited in claim 1 wherein the step of selecting the new Utility Volume comprises determining whether a dormant Utility Volume is available amongst said plurality of data storage devices and selecting said dormant Utility Volume as said new Utility Volume.

4. The method of selecting the new Utility Volume as recited in claim 3 wherein the step of selecting the new Utility Volume, if a dormant Utility Volume is not available, further comprises assigning a Penalty Index to each device of said plurality of devices.

5. The method of selecting the new Utility Volume as recited in claim 1 wherein said storage controller further includes a cache memory having a plurality of data items stored therein, said cache memory having a data lock for each such data item, said method further comprising the steps of:

locating a first controller unit control block that corresponds to said second host unit control block and to said second data storage device;

determining whether said second data storage device is in a non-busy state;

in response to a determination that said second data storage device is in a non-busy state, locking said first controller unit control block;

determining whether said data item containing said data record is located within said cache memory;

in response to a determination that said data item is in said cache memory, determining whether said data lock corresponding to said data item is unlocked;

in response to a determination that said data lock corresponding to said data item is unlocked, locking said data lock corresponding to said data item;

in the case where said first controller unit control block is in a non-busy state, said data item is in cache memory, and said data lock corresponding to said data item is unlocked, transferring said data record from said storage controller to said host system;

next, releasing said data lock corresponding to said data item; and

releasing said first controller unit control block.

6. The method of selecting the new Utility Volume as recited in claim 1 wherein said storage controller further maintains a physical device lock corresponding to each data storage device, said method further comprising the steps of:

locating a first controller unit control block corresponding to said second host unit control block;

determining whether said second data storage device is in a non-busy state;

in response to a determination that said second data storage device is in a non-busy state, locking said first controller unit control block;

determining whether said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is unlocked;

in response to a determination that said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is unlocked, locking said physical device lock;

in the case where said first data storage device is in a non-busy state and said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is unlocked, transferring said data record from said first data storage device to said host system;

next, releasing said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record; and

releasing said first controller unit control block.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of determining whether said first data storage device is in a non-busy state and the step of locking said first controller unit control block are accomplished as a single atomic operation.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of determining whether said first data storage device is in a non-busy state and the step of locking said first controller unit control block are accomplished as a single atomic operation.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of determining whether said data lock corresponding to said data item is unlocked and the step of locking said data lock corresponding to said data item are accomplished as a single atomic operation.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of determining whether said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is unlocked and the step of locking said physical device lock are accomplished as a single atomic operation.

11. A method of selecting a best Utility Volume from a plurality of Utility Volumes for servicing a session generating a non-specific read request for a data record located on a first data storage device, generated at a host processor and transmitted to a storage controller, a current Utility Volume being presently selected for said session and wherein said method processes both specific and non-specific I/O requests, said storage controller connected to a plurality of Utility Volumes, each Utility Volume corresponding to a data storage device, said storage controller including a cache memory, said cache memory having a data lock corresponding to a data item contained within said cache memory, said storage controller further maintaining a physical device lock corresponding to each Utility Volume, said method comprising the steps of:

interrogating said session;

making an evaluation as to whether a Utility Volume selection should be performed;

determining whether the current Utility Volume should be maintained as the best Utility Volume if the making an evaluation step requires an evaluation;

keeping the current Utility Volume as the best Utility Volume if the current Utility Volume has a load lower than a predetermined threshold;

if the current Utility Volume has a load higher than the predetermined threshold, then evaluating said plurality of Utility Volumes for locating the best Utility Volume, and selecting the best Utility Volume for replacing the current Utility Volume;

locating a controller unit control block corresponding to said selected best Utility Volume, wherein said best Utility Volume further corresponds to a second data storage device;

determining whether said second data storage device in a non-busy state;

in response to a determination that said second data storage device is in a non-busy state, locking said controller unit control block corresponding to said second data storage device;

determining whether said data item containing said data record is located within said cache memory;

in response to a determination that said data item is in said cache memory, determining whether said data lock corresponding to said data item is unlocked and if so, transferring said data record from said cache to said host system;

in response to a determination that said data item is not in said cache memory determining whether said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is unlocked and if so, transferring said data record from said data storage device to said host system; and

next, releasing said controller unit control block corresponding to said second data storage device, and releasing said physical device lock.

12. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 11 wherein when said data lock corresponding to said data item is locked or when said physical device lock corresponding to said first data storage device containing said data record is locked, postponing the execution of said non-specific read request until such time as said data lock is unlocked or said physical device lock is unlocked.

13. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 11 further including the step of executing a specific read request in parallel with said non-specific read request when said data record was located in said cache memory, said specific read request accessing said first data storage device, said specific read request retrieving a next data record stored on said first data storage device.

14. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 11 further including the step of executing a specific read request in parallel with said non-specific read request accessing the same cache memory as that of said non-specific read request.

15. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 14 wherein said making an evaluation step is performed at a predetermined Reference Point.

16. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 15 wherein said determining whether the current Utility Volume should be maintained step is executed if a random clock is in a predetermined state at said predetermined Reference Point.

17. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 11 wherein said keeping the current Utility Volume as the best Utility Volume is based upon whether the current Utility Volume is dormant or has a sufficiently low non-specific processing index.

18. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 11 wherein said evaluating said plurality of Utility Volumes includes determining whether any of said plurality of Utility Volumes are dormant, and, if so, selecting a dormant Utility Volume as the best Utility Volume.

19. The method of selecting a best Utility Volume according to claim 18 wherein said evaluating said plurality of Utility Volumes further includes assigning a Penalty Index to each Utility Volume of said plurality of Utility Volumes, said Penalty Index being a weighted index based upon specific and non-specific processing and recency of said processing, wherein a Utility Volume of said plurality of Utility Volumes having a best Penalty Index is selected as the new Utility Volume.

20. A data processing system comprising:

at least one host computer, said at least one host computer having a local memory for storing a first counter data structure, said at least one host computer maintaining a plurality of host unit control blocks, wherein said at least one host computer counts a number of specific and a number of non-specific I/O requests for updating said first counter;

a storage subsystem including a plurality of direct access storage devices including a first direct access storage device storing a first data record thereon, and a storage controller, said storage controller being connected to each of the plurality of direct access storage devices through a plurality of storage paths and to said at least one host computer;

a shared memory array coupled to said storage controller for storing an index data structure;

a processor within said storage path for determining a Penalty Index for each direct access storage device coupled thereto of said plurality of direct access storage devices, and updating said index data structure at said shared memory and said local memory, said processor selecting a Utility Volume based upon said Penalty Index;

a physical device lock corresponding to each direct access storage device of said plurality of direct access storage devices maintained within said storage controller;

means for generating a non-specific read request at said at least one host computer for said first data record;

means for selecting one of said host unit control blocks corresponding to said Utility Volume, said Utility Volume further corresponding to a second direct access storage device;

means for locking said selected host unit control block corresponding to said second direct access storage device; and

means for transmitting said non-specific read request to said storage controller.

21. The data processing system as set forth in claim 20, further comprising:

a cache memory within said storage controller, said cache memory having a data lock corresponding to a subset of data items contained within said cache memory;

means for locating a controller unit control block corresponding to one of said host unit control blocks corresponding to said second direct access storage device;

means for determining whether said second direct access storage device is in a non-busy state;

means responsive to a determination that said second direct access storage device is in a non-busy state, for locking said corresponding controller unit control block;

means for determining whether said data record is located within said cache memory;

means responsive to a determination that said data record is in cache memory, for determining whether said data lock corresponding to said data record is unlocked;

means responsive to a determination that said data lock corresponding to said data record is unlocked, for locking said data lock corresponding to said data record;

means responsive to determinations that said controller unit control block is in a non-busy state, said data record is in cache memory and said data lock corresponding to said data record is unlocked, for transferring said data record from said storage controller to said host computer;

means for releasing said data lock corresponding to said data record; and

means for releasing said controller unit control block.

22. The data processing system as set forth in claim 20, further comprising:

means for locating a controller unit control block corresponding to said second direct access storage device;

means for determining whether said second direct access storage device is in a non-busy state;

means responsive to a determination that said second direct access storage device is in a non-busy state, for locking a corresponding physical device lock of said controller unit control block;

means for determining whether said physical device lock corresponding to said first direct access storage device containing said data record is unlocked;

means responsive to a determination that said physical device lock corresponding to said first direct access storage device containing said data record is unlocked, for locking said physical device lock corresponding to said first direct access storage device;

means responsive to determinations that said first direct access storage device is in a non-busy state and said physical device lock corresponding to said first device containing said data record is unlocked, for transferring said data record from said direct access storage device to said host computer;

means for releasing said physical device lock corresponding to said first device containing said data record; and

means for releasing said controller unit control block.