Method and apparatus for generating DC-free sequences

• US 5,608,397 A
• Filed: 08/15/1995
• Issued: 03/04/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 08/15/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP PTE Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Soljanin, Emina
• Primary Examiner(s): Gaffin, Jeffrey A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KOST, JASON L
• Application Number:
  US08/515,445
• Time in Patent Office: 567 Days
• Field of Search: 341/58, 341/50, 341/95, 341/106, 360/39, 360/40
• US Class Current: 341/58
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 5/145 Conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4906 using binary codes

Abstract

A method and apparatus generates a channel codeword based on codewords with arbitrary block digital sums. Respective portions of the channel codeword are generated based on respective sets of input symbols, and the channel codeword is generated from the portions in accordance with another set of input symbols. The potions are advantageously codewords, comprising symbols, generated by selecting, for each set of input symbols, a codeword from a codebook and by adapting, as for example by ordering or by inverting symbols in, the codewords to form the channel codeword.

Claims

1. A method comprising the steps of:

selecting, for each set of input symbols in a plurality of sets of input symbols, a respective codeword, and

generating a channel codeword based on the selected respective codewords and on an additional set of input symbols, said channel codeword defining a channel sequence, wherein the block digital sum of the defined channel sequence is zero.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating a channel codeword comprises the step of:

ordering said respective codewords based on said additional set of input symbols.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of selecting comprises the steps of, for each set of input symbols:

choosing a codebook from among a plurality of codebooks wherein each codebook in the plurality of codebooks comprises codewords,

choosing said respective codeword from among codewords in the selected codebook based on said each set of input symbols.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating a channel codeword comprises the steps of:

inverting codeword symbols in particular respective codewords based on said additional set of input symbols.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein, for each set of input symbols, the selected codewords are selected from among codewords in a single codebook.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said channel codeword is recorded on a magnetic medium.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said channel codeword is transmitted over a communications channel.

8. A method comprising the steps of:

for each set of input symbols in a plurality of sets of input symbols, selecting a respective codeword from among codewords in a set of one or more codebooks, wherein each respective codeword defines a respective portion of a channel sequence comprising channel symbols, the channel symbols in the respective portions having an associated block digital sum, and wherein the sum of the block digital sums of the respective portions is zero, and

generating an channel codeword by concatenating, in an order of concatenation determined by a separate set of input symbols, the respective codewords.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of selecting a respective codeword further comprises the steps of:

selecting, from a first codebook, a first respective codeword for a first set of input symbols, the selecting being based on said first set of input symbols, and

selecting, from a second codebook, a second respective codeword for a second set of input symbols, the selecting being based on said second set of input symbols.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the channel symbols in the respective portion of a channel sequence defined by said first respective codeword has a block digital sum of x, and wherein the channel symbols in the respective portion of a channel sequence defined by said second respective codeword has a block digital sum of -x.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said different set of input symbols comprises a single bit having a status and where said order of concatenation is indicated by said status.

12. A method comprising the steps of:

for each set of input symbols in a plurality of sets of input symbols, selecting a respective codeword comprising symbols, and

inverting codeword symbols in particular respective codewords, the particular respective codewords being selected based on a different set of input symbols,

generating a channel codeword based on said codewords, wherein said channel codeword defines a channel sequence comprising channel symbols and wherein the block digital sum of said channel sequence is zero.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of generating comprises the step of:

selecting, based on symbols in said different set of input symbols, a control codeword from a control codebook, the control codeword comprising a number of control symbols equal to the number of respective codewords, each control symbol in the control codebook have a status, and

for each respective codeword, inverting the symbols in the selected codeword according to the status of a respective control symbol in said control codebook.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said control codeword defines a channel sequence with a block digital sum of zero.

15. A method of generating a channel codeword, said channel codeword defining a channel sequence having a block digital sum of a specified value, said method comprising the steps of:

selecting, for each set of input symbols in a plurality of sets of input symbols, a respective codeword, wherein said respective codeword is associated with a respective channel sequence having an associated block digital sum, and

generating said channel codeword based on said respective codewords and on said respective block digital sums, wherein said channel sequence defined by said channel codeword has a block digital sum equal to said specified value.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said specified value is zero.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of selecting comprises the step of:

for each set of input symbols, choosing a codeword from a codebook as said respective codeword.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of choosing comprises the step of:

selecting, according to a first other set of input symbols, a codebook from among a plurality of codebooks, each codebook in said plurality of codebooks comprising codewords, wherein the chosen codeword is selected from among codewords in the chosen codebook.

19. The method of claim 15 or 18 wherein the step of generating comprises:

ordering said respective codewords based on a second other set of input symbols.

20. The method of claim 15 or 18 wherein each respective codeword comprises symbols and wherein the step of generating comprises:

inverting symbols in particular respective codewords based on a second other set of input symbols.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of ordering comprises the steps of:

selecting, based on said second other set of input symbols, a control codeword, said control codeword comprising control symbols, wherein a channel sequence defined by said control codeword has a block digital sum of zero, and

ordering said respective codewords based on the control symbols in said selected control codeword.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of inverting comprises the steps of:

selecting, based on said second other set of input symbols, a control codeword, said control codeword comprising control symbols, wherein a channel sequence defined by said control codeword has a block digital sum of zero, and

inverting symbols in said respective codewords based on said control symbols in said selected control codeword.

23. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of:

recording said defined channel sequence on a magnetic medium.

24. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of:

transmitting said defined channel sequence over a communications channel.

25. A method comprising the steps of:

for each portion in a plurality of portions of an input codeword, wherein each portion defines a corresponding portion of a channel sequence comprising channel symbols, wherein each portion of said input codeword comprises symbols, generating a respective set of output symbols, and

generating, based on the block digital sum of the channel symbols in the portion of the channel sequence corresponding to each portion of said input codeword, an additional set of output symbols.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the step of generating a respective set of output symbols comprises the step of:

selecting for each portion of said input codeword, based on the symbols in said each portion, an entry from among one or more entries in a codebook, the selected entry comprising said respective set of output symbols.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of selecting an entry comprises the step of:

selecting, based on the block digital sum of channel symbols in the channel sequence corresponding to said portion, said codebook from among a plurality of codebooks.

28. The method of claim 26 further comprising the step of:

for portions of said channels sequence having a negative block digital sum, inverting symbols in corresponding portions in said input codeword.

29. The method of claim 25 wherein said input codeword is received over a communications channel.

30. The method of claim 25 wherein said input codeword is read from a magnetic recording channel.

31. The method of claim 25 wherein the block digital sum of said portions of said channel sequences corresponding to said portions in said input codeword is zero.

32. The method of claim 25 wherein said input codeword comprises a first portion defining a first portion of said channel sequence wherein the block digital sum of said first portion of said channel sequence is x and wherein said input codeword comprises a second portion defining a second portion of said channel sequence wherein the block digital sum of said second portion of said channel sequence is -x.

33. An apparatus for generating a channel codeword, said channel codeword defining a channel sequence having a block digital sum of a specified value, said apparatus comprising:

means for selecting, for each set of input symbols in a plurality of sets of input symbols, a respective codeword, wherein said respective codeword is associated with a respective channel sequence having an associated block digital sum, and

means for generating said channel codeword based on said respective codewords and on said respective block digital sums, wherein said channel sequence defined by said channel codeword has a block digital sum equal to said specified value.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein said specified value is zero.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the means for selecting comprises:

means for choosing, for each set of input symbols, a codeword from a codebook as said respective codeword.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the means for choosing comprises:

means for selecting, according to a first other set of input symbols, a codebook from among a plurality of codebooks, each codebook in said plurality of codebooks comprising codewords, wherein the chosen codeword is selected from among codewords in the chosen codebook.

37. The apparatus of claim 33 or 36 wherein the means for generating comprises:

means for ordering said respective codewords based on a second other set of input symbols.

38. The apparatus of claim 33 or 36 wherein each respective codeword comprises symbols and wherein the means for generating comprises:

means for inverting symbols in particular respective codewords based on a second other set of input symbols.

39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the means for ordering comprises:

means for selecting, based on said second other set of input symbols, a control codeword, said control codeword comprising control symbols, wherein a channel sequence defined by said control codeword has a block digital sum of zero, and

means for ordering said respective codewords based on the control symbols in said selected control codeword.

40. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the means for inverting comprises:

means for selecting, based on said second other set of input symbols, a control codeword, said control codeword comprising control symbols, wherein a channel sequence defined by said control codeword has a block digital sum of zero, and

means for inverting symbols in said respective codewords based on said control symbols in said selected control codeword.

41. The apparatus of claim 34 further comprising:

means for recording said defined channel sequence on a magnetic medium.

42. The apparatus of claim 34 further comprising:

means for transmitting said defined channel sequence over a communications channel.

43. An apparatus comprising

for each portion in a plurality of portions of an input codeword, wherein each portion defines a corresponding portion of a channel sequence comprising channel symbols, wherein each portion of said input codeword comprises symbols, means for generating a respective set of output symbols, and

means for generating, based on the block digital sum of the channel symbols in the portion of the channel sequence corresponding to each portion of said input codeword, an additional set of output symbols.

44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein the means for generating a respective set of output symbols comprises:

means for selecting for each portion of said input codeword, based on the symbols in said each portion, an entry from among one or more entries in a codebook, the selected entry comprising said respective set of output symbols.

45. The apparatus of claim 44 wherein the means for selecting an entry comprises:

means for selecting, based on the block digital sum of channel symbols in the channel sequence corresponding to said portion, said codebook from among a plurality of codebooks.

46. The apparatus of claim 44 further comprising:

for portions of said channels sequence having a negative block digital sum, means for inverting symbols in corresponding portions in said input codeword.

47. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said input codeword is received over a communications channel.

48. The method of claim 43 wherein said input codeword is read from a magnetic recording channel.

49. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein the block digital sum of said portions of said channel sequences corresponding to said portions in said input codeword is zero.

50. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said input codeword comprises a first portion defining a first portion of said channel sequence wherein the block digital sum of said first portion of said channel sequence is x and wherein said input codeword comprises a second portion defining a second portion of said channel sequence wherein the block digital sum of said second portion of said channel sequence is -x.