Method of making a three-dimensional object by stereolithography

• US 5,609,812 A
• Filed: 09/14/1993
• Issued: 03/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Original Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Inventors: Childers, Craig M., Hull, Charles W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tentoni, Leo B.
• Application Number:
  US08/121,846
• Time in Patent Office: 1,274 Days
• Field of Search: 264/22, 264/308, 156/273.3, 156/273.5, 156/275.5, 156/307.1, 427/508, 427/510, 427/512, 427/553, 427/554, 250/492.1, 364/468, 364/476, 365/106, 365/107, 395/119
• US Class Current: 264/401
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/135 the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/40 Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 67/02 Moulding by agglomerating B29C67/20 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B44B 1/006 using computer control means
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/4257 applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam monitoring arrangements for lasers in general H01S3/0014
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/0037 Production of three-dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/70416 2.5D lithography
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49013 Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/10 Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/20 Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 264/59 Processes in which a partial cure is involved

Abstract

An improved method for stereolithographically making an object by alternating the order in which similar sets of vectors are exposed over two or more layers. In another method, a pattern of tightly packed hexagonal tiles are drawn. Each tile is isolated from its neighboring tiles by specifying breaks of unexposed material between the tiles. Using an interrupted scan method, vectors are drawn with periodic breaks along their lengths. In another method, modulator and scanning techniques are used to reduce exposure problems associated with the acceleration and deceleration of the scanning system when jumping between vectors or changing scanning directions.

Claims

1. In a stereolithographic method for constructing an object from a medium solidifiable upon exposure to synergistic stimulation, comprising the successive formation of layers of the medium applied to previously formed layers of the medium, each layer of the medium having a desired thickness, and selectively exposing the layers to a beam of synergistic stimulation in a pattern corresponding to cross-sections of the three-dimensional object, to build up the three-dimensional object layer by layer, the pattern including paths of exposure defined by vectors, the improvement comprising the steps of:

identifying an endpoint of a first vector and a beginning point of a second vector;

scanning the synergistic stimulation along the first vector at a substantially fixed velocity;

shuttering the synergistic stimulation when it reaches the endpoint of the first vector without significantly varying the substantially fixed velocity;

directing the synergistic stimulation, while it is shuttered, in a pattern to the beginning point of the second vector so that the proper velocity for exposing the second vector is achieved when the beginning point of the second vector is reached

unshuttering the synergistic stimulation when it reaches the beginning point of the second vector; and

scanning the synergistic stimulation along the second vector at a substantially constant velocity.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the endpoint of the first vector is coincident with the beginning point of the second vector.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the endpoint of the first vector is not coincident with the beginning point of the second vector.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein a substantial difference in scanning velocity exists between the first vector and the second vector and at least a significant portion of the difference is due to a difference in scanning direction.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein a substantial difference in scanning velocity exists between the first vector and the second vector and at least a significant portion of the difference is due to a difference in scanning speed.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the solidifiable medium is a liquid polymer.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the synergistic stimulation is ultraviolet radiation.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the solidifiable medium is a powder.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the synergistic stimulation is infrared radiation.

10. In a stereolithographic method for constructing an object from a medium solidifiable upon exposure to synergistic stimulation, comprising the successive formation of layers of the medium applied to previously formed layers of the medium, each layer of the medium having a desired thickness, and selectively exposing the layers to a beam of synergistic stimulation in a pattern corresponding to cross-sections of the three-dimensional object, to build up the three-dimensional object layer by layer, the pattern including paths of exposure defined by vectors, the improvement comprising the steps of:

scanning a first vector at a first velocity and for scanning a second consecutive vector at a second velocity wherein the second vector has a beginning point which is coincident with the endpoint of the first vector;

determining a velocity difference required to expose the first vector and the second consecutive vector;

specifying a maximum acceptable velocity difference;

comparing said determined velocity difference to said maximum acceptable velocity difference;

shuttering the synergistic stimulation when reaching the endpoint of said first vector when it is determined that said determined velocity difference is greater than said maximum acceptable velocity difference wherein the scanning velocity of the first vector is maintained substantially constant throughout its length;

directing the synergistic stimulation, while it is shuttered, in a pattern to the beginning point of the second vector so that the proper velocity for exposing the second vector is achieved when the beginning point of the second vector is reached;

unshuttering the synergistic stimulation when it reaches the beginning point of the second vector; and

scanning the synergistic stimulation along the second vector at a substantially constant velocity.

11. The method of claim 10 additional comprising the scanning of third and fourth consecutive vectors which have a coincident endpoint and beginning point wherein the velocity difference between the third and fourth vectors is determined to be less than the maximum acceptable velocity difference and the synergistic stimulation is not shuttered when scanning from the third to the fourth vector.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the determined velocity difference between the first and the second vectors is at least partially due to a difference in scanning direction.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the determined velocity difference between the first and the second vectors is at least partially due to a difference in scanning speed.