Method of making a three-dimensional object by stereolithography

• US 5,609,813 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 03/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Original Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Inventors: Smalley, Dennis R., Hull, Charles W., Jacobs, Paul F., Allison, Joseph W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tentoni, Leo B.
• Application Number:
  US08/475,714
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 264/308, 264/401, 425/174.4, 156/272.8, 156/273.3, 156/273.5, 156/275.5, 156/307.1, 156/379.6, 427/510, 427/512, 427/553, 427/554, 427/555, 118/620, 250/492.1, 364/468, 364/476, 365/106, 365/107, 395/119
• US Class Current: 264/401
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/135 the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/40 Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 67/02 Moulding by agglomerating B29C67/20 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B44B 1/006 using computer control means
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/4257 applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam monitoring arrangements for lasers in general H01S3/0014
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/0037 Production of three-dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/70416 2.5D lithography
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49013 Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/10 Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/20 Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation

Abstract

An improved method for stereolithographically making an object by alternating the order in which similar sets of vectors are exposed over two or more layers. In another method, a pattern of tightly packed hexagonal tiles are drawn. Each tile is isolated from its neighboring tiles by specifying breaks of unexposed material between the tiles. Using an interrupted scan method, vectors are drawn with periodic breaks along their lengths. In another method, modulator and scanning techniques are used to reduce exposure problems associated with the acceleration and deceleration of the scanning system when jumping between vectors or changing scanning directions.

Claims

1. A method of forming at least a portion of a three-dimensional object on a stacked layer-by-layer basis using stereolithography comprising:

a) applying a layer of flowable material capable of solidification upon exposure to synergistic stimulation;

b) generating and sequencing a pattern of exposure paths, in a prescribed order and direction, for said layer corresponding to a cross section of said object;

c) exposing said exposure paths to synergistic stimulation according to said sequencing of said exposure paths to form a layer of said three-dimensional object; and

d) repeating steps b) and c) for subsequent layers until said three-dimensional object is formed, wherein the step of sequencing the exposure of said exposure paths is altered with a different sequence of exposure on at least one subsequent layer.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein step of sequencing is periodically alternated with a different sequencing on subsequent layers.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of sequencing is altered with a different sequencing on every other layer.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of sequencing is altered with a different sequencing on each of four subsequent layers then repeated such that a pattern of alternate sequencing occurs every four layers.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of sequencing is altered with a different sequencing on each of eight subsequent layers then repeated such that a pattern of alternate sequencing occurs every eight layers.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequencing is altered by varying the direction of scanning of at least one similar exposure path between at least two layers.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequencing is altered between at least two layers by varying the order in which similar exposure paths are exposed to synergistic stimulation.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequencing is altered by varying the order of propagation of similar exposure paths between at least two layers.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the exposure paths are defined by vectors.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating a pattern of exposure paths comprises generating a pattern of at least two sets of paths and wherein the sequencing of said at least two sets of paths are altered between at least two layers.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of sequencing of said at least two sets of paths are altered by varying the order of propagation in which similar exposure paths are exposed to synergistic stimulation between at least two layers.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of sequencing is further altered by varying the direction of scanning of at least one similar exposure path between at least two layers.

13. An improved method for forming at least a portion of a three dimensional object on a layer by layer basis from a medium solidifiable upon exposure to synergistic stimulation, of the type wherein successive layers of the medium are applied and selectively solidified to form layers of the three-dimensional object, and wherein the solidified layers of the three-dimensional object are adhered together to form said three-dimensional object, each layer of the medium being selectively solidified through the scanning of patterns of synergistic stimulation corresponding to a cross-section of the object, the scanning patterns including exposure paths being scanned in a sequenced order and direction, the improvement comprising:

altering the sequence of exposure of exposure paths to synergistic stimulation between at least two layers to be formed.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein at least one scanning pattern comprises two sets of exposure paths and the altering of the sequence of exposure comprises altering the order in which the two sets of exposure paths are scanned with synergistic stimulation.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the altering of the sequence of exposure comprises altering the direction of scanning of at least one similar exposure path between said at least two layers to be formed.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the altering of the sequence of exposure comprises altering the direction of propagation of exposure paths.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein altering the sequence of exposure on subsequent, layers occurs periodically.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein altering the sequence of exposure on subsequent layers occurs non-periodically.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the scanning pattern is an x and y hatch pattern.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein the scanning pattern utilizes a skintinuous method of building objects.

21. The method of claim 13 wherein the scanning pattern additionally includes the improvement of exposing at least a portion of a layer to at least two sets of non parallel paths for forming outward facing skin surfaces.

22. The method of claim 13 wherein the altering of the sequence of exposure on subsequent layers includes exposing a portion of a layer to a first set of non consecutive parallel exposure paths, and exposing the portion to a second set of nonconsecutive parallel exposure paths substantially interposed between and parallel to the first set of nonconsecutive parallel paths.

23. An improved apparatus for forming at least a portion of a three-dimensional object on a layer-by-layer basis from a medium solidifiable upon exposure to synergistic stimulation, of the type including means for applying successive layers of the medium, means for selectively solidifying the layers to form layers of the three-dimensional object, and for adhering the layers of the three-dimensional object together to form said at least portion of the three-dimensional object, wherein the means for solidifying includes means for scanning patterns of synergistic stimulation corresponding to a cross-section of the object, and wherein the scanning patterns include exposure paths being scanned in a sequenced order and direction, the improvement comprising:

means for altering the sequence of exposure of exposure paths to synergistic stimulation between at least two layers to be formed.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure comprises means for altering the order of propagation of exposure paths.

25. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure comprises means for altering the direction of scanning of at least one similar exposure path between at least two layers.

26. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure further comprises means for periodically altering the sequence of exposure on subsequent layers.

27. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure additionally comprises means for randomly altering the sequence of exposure on subsequent layers.

28. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure additionally comprises means for non-periodically altering the sequence of exposure on subsequent layers.

29. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure additionally comprises means for utilizing x and y hatch patterns.

30. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for altering the sequence of exposure further comprises means for utilizing skintinuous building techniques.