Cell cap assembly having frangible tab disconnect mechanism

• US 5,609,972 A
• Filed: 03/04/1996
• Issued: 03/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Company (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: PolyStor Corp.
• Inventors: Souh, Jung H., Mayer, Steven T., Thompson, Sean, Kaschmitter, James L., Martucci, Frank L.
• Primary Examiner(s): KALAFUT, STEPHEN J
• Application Number:
  US08/610,388
• Time in Patent Office: 372 Days
• Field of Search: 429/7, 429/61, 429/56, 429/82, 429/161
• US Class Current: 429/56
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2200/10 Temperature sensitive devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/3425 in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/578 in response to pressure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/583 in response to current, e.g. fuses
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A cell pressure control system is disclosed which includes a conductive frangible tab which tears in response to a defined pressure. The frangible tab is affixed at one position to a stationary member and at another position to a deflection member which deflects in response to increasing internal cell pressure. When the cell pressure increases to a dangerous level, the deflection member exerts sufficient pressure on the frangible tab to cause it to break. When the tab breaks, the cell goes to open circuit, thus reducing the danger of continued pressure build up. If the cell'"'"'s internal pressure continues to increase even after the pressure contact is opened, a second stage of the pressure control mechanism may be activated. Specifically, a pressure rupturable region in the above-mentioned deflection member will rupture and release the cell'"'"'s internal pressure.

Claims

1. A cell cap subassembly for controlling pressure build-up in a cell interior having an electrode, said cell cap subassembly comprising:

a terminal contact for making electrical contact with an external circuit;

a deflection member being in electrical communication with said terminal contact, said deflection member undergoing a displacement in response to an increase in pressure within the cell interior;

a frangible member connected to and making electrical contact with said deflection member, said frangible member having a defined frangible region located away from said deflection member, wherein when said deflection member undergoes displacement in response to a first defined pressure, said frangible member breaks at said frangible region and thereby electrically disconnects said terminal contact from said electrode.

2. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said terminal contact includes vent holes for venting pressurized cell contents.

3. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said deflection member is a flip-burst disk having a substantially dome shaped flip portion and a rim portion connected to and located outside of said flip portion, said rim portion making electrical contact with said terminal contact, said flip portion normally protruding away from said terminal contact, but at the first defined pressure inverting such that it protrudes toward said terminal contact.

4. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 3, wherein the flip portion of said flip-burst disk comprises aluminum.

5. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 4, wherein the thickness of the flip-burst disk is between about 50 and 250 micrometers.

6. The cell cap subassembly recited in claim 3 wherein and said flip portion includes a pressure rupturable region which ruptures said flip portion at a second defined pressure which is greater than the first defined pressure.

7. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 6, wherein said pressure rupturable region is a scored region.

8. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said frangible region on said frangible member is a scored region.

9. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said frangible member is a tab and wherein said frangible region on said frangible member is a notched region.

10. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said frangible member is a wire.

11. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said frangible member comprises aluminum.

12. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said frangible member includes a fuse region which acts as a fuse at a defined current.

13. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 1, further comprising an incisive member that rests against said frangible region, wherein said incisive element remains in a fixed position when said deflection member undergoes displacement in response to an increase in pressure within the cell interior.

14. The cell cap subassembly as recited in claim 13, wherein said incisive element is cylindrical in shape.

15. A method for controlling pressure build-up in a cell having an electrode, the method comprising the following steps:

(a) providing a cell having a cell cap subassembly and a cell interior, the cell cap subassembly including (i) a terminal contact for making electrical contact with an external circuit, (ii) a deflection member that is in electrical communication with said terminal contact and undergoes a displacement in response to an increase in pressure within the cell interior, and (iii) a frangible member connected to and making electrical contact with said deflection member, said frangible member having a defined frangible region located away from said deflection member; and

(b) causing the deflection member to undergo displacement in response to a first defined pressure such that said frangible member breaks at said frangible region and thereby electrically disconnects said terminal contact from said electrode.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the deflection member is a flip-burst disk having a substantially dome shaped flip portion in electrical communication with a terminal contact, said flip portion being provided in a normal position in which it protrudes away from said terminal contact, said flip portion also having an inverted position in which it protrudes toward said terminal contact, and wherein the step of causing the deflection member to undergo displacement includes inverting said flip portion when exposed to the first defined pressure, whereby the frangible member breaks.

17. The method of claim 15 further comprising a step of rupturing a pressure rupturable region on said deflection member when exposed to a second defined pressure in the cell which is greater than said first defined pressure, whereby a fluid pathway is provided from the cell interior to the cell exterior when the pressure rupturable region ruptures.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein said first defined pressure is caused by a continuous electrochemical reaction within the cell.

19. A lithium ion cell comprising:

(a) a cell container having a cell cap subassembly including

(i) a terminal contact for making electrical contact with an external circuit,

(ii) a conductive deflection member that is in electrical communication with said terminal contact and undergoes a displacement in response to an increase in pressure within the cell interior, and

(iii) a frangible member connected to and making electrical contact with said deflection member, said frangible member having a defined frangible region located away from said deflection member, wherein when said deflection member undergoes displacement in response to a first defined pressure, said frangible member breaks at said frangible region and thereby electrically disconnects said terminal contact from said electrode;

(b) an anode provided within the cell container and capable of intercalating lithium during charge and deintercalating lithium during discharge, the anode including an anode material;

(c) a cathode provided within the cell container and capable of taking up lithium on discharge and releasing lithium on charge, the cathode including a specified cathode material; and

(d) an electrolyte conductive to lithium ions and provided within said cell container.

20. The lithium ion cell of claim 19 wherein said conductive deflection member includes a pressure rupturable region, and wherein said pressure rupturable region of said conductive deflection member ruptures on a second defined pressure which is greater than said first defined pressure.

21. The lithium ion cell of claim 19 wherein the deflection member is a flip-burst disk having a substantially dome shaped flip portion in electrical communication with a terminal contact, said flip portion being provided in a normal position in which it protrudes away from said terminal contact, said flip portion also having an inverted position in which it protrudes toward said terminal contact, and wherein the said flip portion inverts to said inverted position when exposed to the first defined pressure and thereby breaks the frangible member.

22. A cell assembly for controlling excessive current in a cell having an electrode, said cell assembly comprising:

a terminal contact for making electrical contact with an external circuit;

a deflection member that undergoes a displacement in response to an increase in pressure within the cell interior, and

a frangible permanent fuse in electrical communication with said terminal contact and in electrical communication with said electrode, wherein when the current in the cell exceeds a predefined level, the permanent fuse permanently electrically disconnects the terminal contact from the electrode, and wherein said frangible permanent fuse is connected to said deflection member such that said frangible permanent fuse breaks when the displacement member undergoes said displacement.

23. The cell assembly of claim 22 wherein the cell is a lithium ion cell.

24. The cell assembly of claim 22 wherein the frangible permanent fuse comprises aluminum.