Circuit and method of monitoring battery cells

• US 5,610,495 A
• Filed: 06/20/1994
• Issued: 03/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Semiconductor Components Industries LLC (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Yee, Renwin J., Stockstad, Troy L., Petty, Thomas D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US08/262,305
• Time in Patent Office: 995 Days
• Field of Search: 320/6, 320/18, 320/29, 320/15, 320/30, 320/39, 320/40, 320/48, 320/35, 307/90
• US Class Current: 320/116
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0019 using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/13 Fault detection

Abstract

A battery monitoring circuit (10) sequentially samples individual voltages across a string of serially coupled battery cells (12-18). A control circuit (32) controls first and second multiplexers (34,42) to sample each battery voltage for an over-voltage condition. A comparator (52) detects an over-voltage condition by comparing a divided down battery voltage against a reference. The conduction path through the battery cells is disabled upon detecting a fault condition by a transistor (26) in the battery cell conduction path. The battery cells are further sequentially sampled for an under-voltage fault. The comparator detects an under-voltage condition by comparing a second divided down battery voltage against the reference. The conduction path through the battery cells is disabled upon detecting a fault condition by a transistor (24) in the battery cell conduction path.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring circuit, comprising:

first and second multiplexers each having a first input, a second input and a select input, said first input of said first multiplexer being coupled for receiving a first battery voltage, said second input of said first multiplexer being coupled for receiving a second battery voltage, said first input of said second multiplexer being coupled for receiving said second battery voltage, said second input of said second multiplexer being coupled for receiving a third battery voltage, said select inputs being coupled for receiving a select signal that selects between said first and second inputs of said first and second multiplexers to sequentially sample said first and second battery voltages;

first and second conduction elements serially coupled between outputs of said first and second multiplexers for developing a voltage at an interconnection of said first and second conduction elements; and

a comparator having first and second inputs, and an output, said first input being coupled to said interconnection of said first and second resistors at, said second input being coupled for receiving a reference potential, said output providing a status signal indicating status of said first and second battery voltages.

2. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 1 further including a charging conduction path coupled between first and second power supply conductors, said charging conduction path providing said first and second battery voltages.

3. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 2 further including circuit means responsive to said status signal for disabling said charging conduction path upon detecting a predetermined state of said status signal that indicates a fault condition.

4. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 3 further including:

first and second transistors each having a drain and a source serially coupled in said charging conduction path;

an over-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a charge control signal to a gate of said first transistor; and

an under-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a discharge control signal to a gate of said second transistor.

5. A battery monitoring circuit, comprising:

first and second multiplexers each having a first input, a second input and a select input, said first input of said first multiplexer being coupled for receiving a first battery voltage, said second input of said first multiplexer being coupled for receiving a second battery voltage, said first input of said second multiplexer being coupled for receiving said second battery voltage, said second input of said second multiplexer being coupled for receiving a third battery voltage, said select inputs being coupled for receiving a select signal that selects between said first and second inputs to sequentially sample said first and second battery voltages;

first, second, and third conduction elements serially coupled between outputs of said first and second multiplexers for developing a first voltage at an interconnection of said first and second conduction elements at a first node and a second voltage at an interconnection of said second and third conduction elements at a second node;

a comparator having first and second inputs, and an output, said second input being coupled for receiving a reference potential, said output providing a status signal indicating status of said first and second battery voltages;

a charging conduction path coupled between first and second power supply conductors for providing said first, second and third battery voltages;

circuit means responsive to said status signal for disabling said charging conduction path upon detecting a predetermined state of said status signal that indicates a fault condition;

and

a switching circuit with first and second input terminals and an output terminal, said first input terminal being coupled to said first node, said second input terminal being coupled to said second node, said output terminal being coupled to said first input of said comparator.

6. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 5 wherein said circuit means includes:

first and second transistors each having a drain and a source serially coupled in said charging conduction path;

an over-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a charge control signal to a gate of said first transistor;

an under-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a discharge control signal to a gate of said second transistor; and

a control circuit responsive to a system clock for generating said select signal for said first and second multiplexers.

7. A circuit for monitoring battery voltages, comprising:

a charging conduction path providing first and second battery voltages;

a multiplexer having a first input coupled for receiving said first battery voltage and a second input coupled for receiving said second battery voltage;

a comparator having a first input coupled to a first output of said multiplexer, and a second input coupled for receiving a reference potential, and an output providing a status signal indicating a condition of said first battery voltage; and

a charging protection circuit responsive to said status signal for disabling said charging conduction path upon detecting a predetermined condition of said status signal.

8. The circuit of claim 7 wherein said charging protection circuit includes:

a first transistor having first and second conduction terminals serially coupled in said charging conduction path; and

an over-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a charge control signal to a control terminal of said first transistor.

9. The circuit of claim 7 wherein said charging protection circuit includes:

a first transistor having first and second conduction terminals serially coupled in said charging conduction path; and

an under-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a discharge control signal to a control terminal of said first transistor.

10. The circuit of claim 7 wherein said multiplexer further includes a select input coupled for receiving a select signal that selects between said first and second inputs of said multiplexer to sequentially sample said first and second battery voltages.

11. The circuit of claim 10 further including a control circuit responsive to a system clock signal for generating said select signal to said select input of said multiplexer.

12. The circuit of claim 7 further including:

said multiplexer having a third input coupled for receiving said second battery voltage and a fourth input coupled for receiving a third battery voltage;

first, second, and third conduction elements serially coupled between said first output of said multiplexer and a second output of said multiplexer; and

a switching circuit having a first input terminal coupled to an interconnection of said first and second conduction elements, a second input terminal coupled to an interconnection of said second and third conduction elements, and an output terminal coupled to said first input of said comparator.

13. The circuit of claim 8 wherein said over-voltage logic circuit includes:

a first flipflop having a data input coupled for receiving said status signal, and a reset input coupled for receiving a start control signal;

an OR gate having a first input coupled for receiving an over-voltage clock signal, a second input coupled to an output of said first flipflop, and an output coupled to a clock input of said first flipflop;

a second flipflop having a data input coupled to said output of said first flipflop, and a clock input coupled for receiving a poll control signal;

a charge pump providing a pump voltage at an output;

a second transistor having a gate coupled to a first complementary output of said second flipflop, and a source coupled to said charging conduction path;

a third transistor having a gate coupled to a second complementary output of said second flipflop, and a source coupled to said charging conduction path;

a fourth transistor having a gate coupled to a drain of said third transistor, a drain coupled to a drain of said second transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage; and

a fifth transistor having a gate coupled to said drain of said second transistor, a drain coupled to said drain of said third transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage.

14. The circuit of claim 13 wherein said over-voltage logic circuit further includes:

a sixth transistor having a gate coupled to said drain of said second transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage;

a seventh transistor having a gate coupled to said drain of said third transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage;

an eighth transistor having a gate coupled to a drain of said seventh transistor, a drain coupled to a drain of said sixth transistor, and a source coupled to said second power supply conductor; and

a ninth transistor having a gate coupled to said drain of said sixth transistor, a drain coupled to said drain of said seventh transistor, said drain further providing said charge control signal to said control terminal of said first transistor, and a source coupled to said second power supply conductor.

15. The circuit of claim 9 wherein said under-voltage logic circuit includes:

an inverter having an input coupled for receiving said status signal and having an output for providing an inverted status signal;

a first flipflop having a data input coupled to said output of said inverter for receiving said inverted status signal, and a reset input coupled for receiving a wake control signal;

an OR gate having a first input coupled for receiving an under-voltage clock signal, a second input coupled to a first complementary output of said first flipflop, and an output coupled to a clock input of said first flipflop;

a charge pump providing a pump voltage at an output;

a second transistor having a gate coupled to a second complementary output of said first flipflop, and a source coupled to said first conduction terminal of said first transistor;

a third transistor having a gate coupled to said first complementary output of said first flipflop, and a source coupled to said first conduction terminal of said first transistor;

a fourth transistor having a gate coupled to a drain of said third transistor, a drain coupled to a drain of said second transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage; and

a fifth transistor having a gate coupled to said drain of said second transistor, a drain coupled to said drain of said third transistor, said drain further providing said discharge control signal to said control terminal of said first transistor, and a source coupled for receiving said pump voltage.

16. A battery monitoring circuit, comprising:

a charging conduction path providing first and second battery voltages;

a first multiplexer having a first input coupled for receiving said first battery voltage and a second input coupled for receiving said second battery voltage;

a comparator having a first input coupled to an output of said first multiplexer, and a second input coupled for receiving a reference potential, and an output providing a status signal indicating a condition of said first battery voltage; and

circuit means responsive to said status signal for disabling said charging conduction path upon detecting a predetermined condition of said status signal.

17. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 16 wherein said circuit means includes:

a first transistor having first and second conduction terminals serially coupled in said charging conduction path; and

an over-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a charge control signal to a control terminal of said first transistor.

18. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 16 wherein said switching circuit includes:

a first transistor having first and second conduction terminal serially coupled in said charging conduction path; and

an under-voltage logic circuit responsive to said status signal for providing a discharge control signal to a control terminal of said first transistor.

19. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 16 further including:

a second multiplexer having a first input coupled for receiving a second battery voltage and a second input coupled for receiving a third battery voltage;

first, second, and third conduction elements serially coupled between said output of said first multiplexer and an output of said second multiplexer; and

a switching circuit having a first input terminal coupled to an interconnection of said first and second conduction elements, a second input terminal coupled to an interconnection of said second and third conduction elements, and an output terminal coupled to said first input of said comparator.

20. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 19 wherein said first and second multiplexers further include a select input coupled for receiving a select signal that selects between said first and second inputs of said first and second multiplexers to sequentially sample said first and second battery voltages.

21. The battery monitoring circuit of claim 20 further including a control circuit responsive to a system clock signal for generating said select signal to said select input of said first and second multiplexers.

22. A method of monitoring serial battery voltages, comprising the steps of:

monitoring first and second battery voltages serially connected in a charging conduction path;

sampling said first battery voltage;

sampling said second battery voltage;

comparing said first battery voltage against a reference potential to determine status of said first battery voltage;

comparing said second battery voltage against said reference potential to determine status of said second battery voltage; and

disabling said charging conduction path through said first and second battery voltages upon detecting a predetermined status of said first or second battery voltages.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:

checking for an over-voltage condition of said first battery voltage;

checking for said over-voltage condition of said second battery voltage;

checking for an under-voltage condition of said first battery voltage; and

checking for said under-voltage condition of said second battery voltage.