Rechargeable lithium battery for use in applications requiring a low to high power output

• US 5,612,152 A
• Filed: 04/17/1996
• Issued: 03/18/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Bates, John B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Maples, John S.
• Application Number:
  US08/634,115
• Time in Patent Office: 335 Days
• Field of Search: 429/191, 429/193, 429/152, 429/162, 429/157, 429/127, 429/153, 429/158
• US Class Current: 429/152
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0447 of complete cells or cells stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/50 Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/40 Printed batteries , e.g. thin film batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/42 Grouping of primary cells into batteries H01M6/40 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium batteries which employ characteristics of thin-film batteries can be used to satisfy power requirements within a relatively broad range. Thin-film battery cells utilizing a film of anode material, a film of cathode material and an electrolyte of an amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride can be connected in series or parallel relationship for the purpose of withdrawing electrical power simultaneously from the cells. In addition, such battery cells which employ a lithium intercalation compound as its cathode material can be connected in a manner suitable for supplying power for the operation of an electric vehicle. Still further, by incorporating within the battery cell a relatively thick cathode of a lithium intercalation compound, a relatively thick anode of lithium and an electrolyte film of lithium phosphorus oxynitride, the battery cell is rendered capable of supplying power for any of a number of consumer products, such as a laptop computer or a cellular telephone.

Claims

1. A multicell battery comprising:

at least two thin-film battery cells supported in a side-by-side or stacked relationship and each including a film of cathode material, an anode film of lithium, and a film of electrolyte material disposed between and separating the cathode and anode films and wherein each of the cathode film, anode film and eletrolyte film is thin film-deposited and possesses a thickness of no more than a few microns, and

the two battery cells being connected in one of a series relationship and one of a parallel relationship for purposes of simultaneously withdrawing electrical power from the two cells and wherein the two cells are separated from one another by a film of insulative material.

2. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the cathode film of one cell is in electrical contact with the anode film of the other cell for the purpose of connecting the two cells in series relationship.

3. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the anode films of the cells are electrically connected to one another and the cathode films of the cells are electrically connected to one another for the purpose of connecting the two cells in parallel relationship.

4. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the two battery cells are arranged in superposed relationship and within each cell, the anode film and the cathode film are arranged above and below the electrolyte film.

5. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the battery cells are supported adjacent one another in relatively close proximity.

6. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the material of the insulative film is parylene.

7. The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein the electrolyte material is lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

8. A rechargeable battery for use in an application requiring a relatively large amount of electrical power, the battery comprising:

a plurality of thin-film battery cells arranged in a stacked relationship and connected together for the purpose of withdrawing electrical power simultaneously from the cells; and

each cell includes a thin film-deposited anode film comprised of lithium, a thin film-deposited cathode film comprised of a lithium intercalation compound and a thin film-deposited electrolyte film disposed between and separating the anode and cathode films and wherein none of the anode film, cathode film or electrolyte film possess a thickness of more than a few microns.

9. The battery as defined in claim 8 wherein the battery cells include a plurality of cell sets wherein the cells in each set are connected in series relationship with one another, and the cell sets are connected in parallel relationship with one another.

10. The battery as defined in claim 8 wherein the cathode film is comprised of one compound of a group of compounds consisting of Li_x Mn₂ O₄, LiCoO₂ and V₂ O₅.

11. The battery as defined in claim 8 wherein the cathode film is comprised of LiMn₂ O₄.

12. The battery as defined in claim 8 wherein the electrolyte is comprised of an amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride.