High density plasma CVD and etching reactor
First Claim
1. An RF inductively coupled plasma reactor for the processing of a wafer, said reactor comprising:
- a vacuum chamber;
one or more gas sources for introducing into said chamber reactant gases;
an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma therein by inductive coupling, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion.
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Accused Products
Abstract
In one aspect, the invention is embodied in an RF inductively coupled plasma reactor including a vacuum chamber for processing a wafer, one or more gas sources for introducing into the chamber reactant gases, and an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into the chamber to generate a plasma therein by inductive coupling, the antenna lying in a two-dimensionally curved surface. In another aspect, invention is embodied in a plasma reactor including apparatus for spraying a reactant gas at a supersonic velocity toward the portion of the chamber overlying the wafer. In a still further aspect, the invention is embodied in a plasma reactor including a planar spray showerhead for spraying a reactant gas into the portion of the chamber overlying the wafer with plural spray nozzle openings facing the wafer, and plural magnets in an interior portion of the planar spray nozzle between adjacent ones of the plural nozzle openings, the plural magnets being oriented so as to repel ions from the spray nozzle openings. In yet another aspect, the invention is embodied in a plasma reactor including a conductive dome-shaped electrode overlying the wafer and being connectable to an electrical potential. In a still further aspect, the invention is embodied in a plasma process, including the steps of providing a vacuum processing chamber having a dome-shaped antenna, feeding a processing gas including an electronegative gas into the chamber, resonantly coupling an RF electrical signal to the antenna, and non-resonantly and inductively coupling electromagnetic energy from the antenna into a plasma formed in the processing chamber from the processing gas.
516 Citations
52 Claims
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1. An RF inductively coupled plasma reactor for the processing of a wafer, said reactor comprising:
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a vacuum chamber; one or more gas sources for introducing into said chamber reactant gases; an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma therein by inductive coupling, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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16. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma in a portion of said chamber overlying said wafer; and means for spraying a reactant gas at a supersonic velocity toward said portion of said chamber overlying said wafer, so as to produce a substantially uniform distribution of the reactant gas in said portion of the chamber. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma in a portion of said chamber overlying said wafer; a plurality of elongate spray nozzles thermally coupled to a vacuum containment wall of said vacuum chamber and extending away from said containment wall toward said wafer such that a distal end of each of said spray nozzles is disposed no closer to the wafer than an edge thereof, each spray nozzle comprising a nozzle tip having a gas distribution orifice at the distal end.
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24. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma in a portion of said chamber overlying said wafer, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion; and
,a closed tube inside said vacuum chamber for spraying a reactant gas into said portion of said chamber overlying said wafer and symmetrically disposed relative to said wafer and following an edge contour of said wafer so as to not overlie a substantial portion of said wafer, said closed tube having a plurality of spray openings therein facing an interior portion of said vacuum chamber overlying said wafer.
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25. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma in a portion of said chamber overlying said wafer; a planar spray showerhead for spraying a reactant gas into said portion of said chamber overlying said wafer, said planar spray showerhead overlying an interior portion of said vacuum chamber over said wafer and having plural spray nozzle openings facing said wafer; and plural magnets in an interior portion of said planar spray showerhead between adjacent ones of said plural nozzle openings, said plural magnets being oriented so as to repel ions from said spray nozzle openings. - View Dependent Claims (26)
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27. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber for containing a processing gas, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion; and
,a conductive dome-shaped electrode insulated from said antenna and overlying said wafer and being connectable to an electrical potential. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29)
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30. A plasma process, comprising the steps of:
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providing a vacuum processing chamber holding a workpiece to be processed and having on one side thereof an antenna comprising a substantially dome-shaped portion at least partially surrounding a plasma generating region and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion; feeding a processing gas including an electronegative gas into said processing chamber; resonantly coupling an RF electrical signal to said antenna; non-resonantly and inductively coupling electromagnetic energy from said antenna into a plasma formed in said plasma generating region of said processing chamber from said processing gas, whereby said workpiece is processed by said plasma. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33)
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45. A plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber for containing a processing gas, comprising:
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an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma comprising ions; and a ceiling overlying the wafer comprising at least two ceiling sections having decreasing radii of curvature from a top of the ceiling and being smoothly joined to each other thereby imparting a dome-shape to the ceiling, wherein the ceiling is further away from a center of the wafer than edges of the wafer so as to enhance a density of the plasma over the center of the wafer by providing more volume for diffusion of ions within the plasma thereby providing for a uniform distribution of ions throughout the plasma; and
wherein,the ceiling is conductive and is connectable to ground during a sputter etching of the wafer so as to increase a rate of sputter etching. - View Dependent Claims (46)
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47. An RF inductively coupled plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, said reactor comprising:
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one or more gas sources for introducing into said chamber reactant gases; an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma therein by inductive coupling, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a circular void centered at the apex of the domed-shaped portion, said. circular void further having a diameter in excess of 33% of the diameter of said wafer; and an electrode insulated from said antenna and disposed in said void, said electrode being connectable to an electrical source. - View Dependent Claims (48)
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49. An RF inductively coupled plasma reactor including means for holding a wafer in a vacuum chamber, said reactor comprising:
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one or more gas sources for introducing into said chamber reactant gases; an antenna capable of radiating RF energy into said chamber to generate a plasma therein by inductive coupling, said antenna comprising a substantially domed-shaped portion at least partially surrounding said plasma and a vertical cylindrical portion which underlies said substantially domed-shaped portion; and
,a grounded Faraday shield disposed between the antenna and the plasma generated inside the vacuum chamber, said shield suppressing capacitive coupling between the antenna and the plasma. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52)
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Specification