Non-dissipative snubber circuit for a switched mode power supply

• US 5,615,094 A
• Filed: 05/26/1995
• Issued: 03/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Power Conversion Products, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Power Conversion Products, Inc.
• Inventors: Cosentino, Anthony P., Wetterquist, Keith
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US08/450,161
• Time in Patent Office: 669 Days
• Field of Search: 362/24, 362/25, 362/26, 362/50, 362/56, 362/124, 362/134, 361/56, 361/58, 361/91, 361/111, 323/289
• US Class Current: 363/56.12
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/34 Snubber circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/342 Active non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33576 having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/0814 by measures taken in the output circuit
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A non-dissipative snubber circuit for a switched mode power supply in which the excess energy generated by the parasitic voltage spike of a freewheeling diode turning off is directed to either the output of the power supply or to ground. A snubber capacitor stores the excess energy and a snubber circuit path is established during on pulses received by the secondary to allow the excess energy stored in snubber capacitor to be directed to the output of the power supply. Alternatively, the snubber circuit path may direct that excess energy to ground.

Claims

1. A snubber circuit for snubbing a freewheeling diode in a secondary portion of a switched mode power circuit, the secondary portion including a secondary winding having a positive terminal and a grounded negative terminal, wherein the secondary winding receives a series of on and off pulses, a rectifying diode having its anode connected to the positive terminal of the secondary winding;

the freewheeling diode having its anode grounded and its cathode connected to the cathode of the rectifying diode, an output inductor and output capacitor connected in series across the freewheeling diode wherein an input terminal of the inductor is coupled to the cathodes of the rectifying and freewheeling diodes and a terminal of the output capacitor grounded wherein the output is taken across the output capacitor, the snubber circuit comprising;

a snubber capacitor having a first terminal connected to ground and a second terminal;

a first diode having an anode coupled to the cathodes of the rectifying and freewheeling diodes, and a cathode coupled to the second terminal of the snubber capacitor, the first diode allowing the snubber capacitor during an on pulse to acquire sufficient charge from the secondary winding such that the voltage across the snubber capacitor is approximately equal to the voltage across the secondary winding;

a second diode having an anode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the second terminal of the snubber capacitor;

a transistor having a drain, a gate and a source, the drain being coupled to the cathode of the second diode; and

a second winding having a first terminal coupled to the output of the switched mode power circuit, a second terminal coupled to the gate of the transistor and a tap coupled to the source of the transistor.

2. A snubber circuit according to claim 1 wherein the second winding is disposed directly opposite of the output inductor.

3. A snubber circuit according to claim 1 wherein the second winding is wound on the output inductor.

4. A snubber circuit according to claim 1 wherein the second winding is wound on the secondary winding.

5. A snubber circuit according to claim 1 further comprising a third diode having its anode coupled to the anode of the second diode and its cathode coupled to the drain of the transistor.

6. A snubber circuit according to claim 5 wherein the third diode is a zener diode.

7. A snubber circuit for snubbing a freewheeling diode in a secondary portion of a switched mode power circuit, the secondary portion including a secondary winding having a positive terminal and a grounded negative terminal, wherein the secondary winding receives a series of on and off pulses, a rectifying diode having its anode connected to the positive terminal of the secondary winding;

the freewheeling diode having its anode grounded and its cathode connected to the cathode of the rectifying diode, an output inductor and output capacitor connected in series across the freewheeling diode wherein an input terminal of the inductor coupled to the cathodes of the rectifying and freewheeling diodes and a terminal of the output capacitor is grounded wherein the output is taken across the output capacitor, the snubber circuit comprising;

a snubber capacitor having a first terminal connected to ground and a second terminal;

a first diode having an anode coupled to the cathodes of the rectifying and freewheeling diodes, and a cathode coupled to the second terminal of the snubber capacitor, the first diode allowing the snubber capacitor during an on pulse to acquire sufficient charge from the secondary winding such that the voltage across the snubber capacitor is approximately equal to the voltage across the secondary winding;

a second diode having an anode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the second terminal of the snubber capacitor;

a transistor having a drain, a gate and a source, the drain being coupled to the cathode of the second diode; and

a second winding having a first terminal grounded, a second terminal coupled to the gate of the transistor and a tap coupled to the source of the transistor.

8. A snubber circuit according to claim 7 further comprising a third diode having its anode coupled to the anode of the second diode and its cathode coupled to the drain of the transistor.

9. A snubber circuit according to claim 8 wherein the third diode is a zener diode.

10. A snubber circuit according to claim 7 wherein the second winding is wound on the output inductor.

11. A snubber circuit according to claim wherein the second winding is wound on the secondary winding.

12. A snubber circuit for snubbing the voltage spike generated by a freewheeling diode becoming reversed biased in the secondary of a switched mode power circuit, the secondary receiving a train of on and off pulses from a primary side of the circuit, the secondary having means for supplying current to an output, the snubber circuit comprising:

a snubber capacitor for storing the voltage spike generated by the freewheeling diode becoming reversed biased;

means for coupling the snubber capacitor to the freewheeling diode during an on pulse to allow the snubber capacitor to store the voltage spike generated by the freewheeling diode; and

means for coupling the snubber capacitor to the output during an on pulse to allow the voltage spike stored by snubber capacitor to be directed to the output of the power circuit.

13. A method for snubbing a voltage spike generated by a freewheeling diode of a secondary of a switched mode power supply, the switched power supply receiving a train of on and off pulses from a primary side of the switch power supply, the method comprising the steps of:

coupling a snubber capacitor to the freewheeling diode during an on pulse to store the energy generated by the voltage spike of the freewheeling diode as it becomes reversed biased; and

coupling the snubber capacitor to an output of the switched mode power supply during an on pulse to direct the energy stored in the snubber capacitor to ground during the on pulse.