System and method of shadowing an object in motion

• US 5,616,031 A
• Filed: 05/15/1995
• Issued: 04/01/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/21/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Warner Bros Entertainment Incorporated (Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Atari Incorporated (Infogrames Entertainment SA)
• Inventors: Logg, G. Edward
• Primary Examiner(s): CHENG, JOE H
• Application Number:
  US08/441,588
• Time in Patent Office: 687 Days
• Field of Search: 434/29, 434/30, 434/33, 434/38, 434/43, 434/118, 434/307 R, 434/365, 364/578, 395/131, 395/118, 395/119, 395/125, 395/126, 345/113, 345/114, 348/122, 273/434, 273/437, 273/DIG. 28
• US Class Current: 434/38
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/422 automatically for the purpose of assisting the player, e.g. automatic braking in a driving game
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/52 involving aspects of the displayed game scene
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/525 Changing parameters of virtual cameras
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/5255 according to dedicated instructions from a player, e.g. using a secondary joystick to rotate the camera around a player's character
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/53 involving additional visual information provided to the game scene, e.g. by overlay to simulate a head-up display [HUD] or displaying a laser sight in a shooting game
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/577 using determination of contact between game characters or objects, e.g. to avoid collision between virtual racing cars
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/803 Driving vehicles or craft, e.g. cars, airplanes, ships, robots or tanks
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/303 for displaying additional data, e.g. simulating a Head Up Display
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6054 by generating automatically game commands to assist the player, e.g. automatic braking in a driving game
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/64 for computing dynamical parameters of game objects, e.g. motion determination or computation of frictional forces for a virtual car
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/643 by determining the impact between objects, e.g. collision detection
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/66 for rendering three dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6646 for the computation and display of the shadow of an object or character
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6661 for changing the position of the virtual camera
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6676 by dedicated player input
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/8017 Driving on land or water; Flying
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/20 Perspective computation
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/003 for military purposes and tactics
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/302 the image being transformed by computer processing, e.g. updating the image to correspond to the changing point of view
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/46 the aircraft being a helicopter

Abstract

A helicopter flight simulator having improvements in visual cues and modeling. The unique visual cues include terrain following shadows and hazing, the latter approximating a set of atmospheric conditions. The unique modeling features include a user selectable zoom, horizontal and vertical ground avoidance, and an autorotation model.

Claims

1. A shadowing system, comprising:

a computer having a processor and a memory;

a visual display connected to the computer;

means for simulating, and displaying on the visual display, a moving object in a universe generated by the computer, wherein the universe includes a terrain defined by a set of planes which includes at least one plane which is non-parallel and non-orthogonal to any other plane in the set; and

means for continuously projecting a shadow of the moving object on the terrain, including the non-parallel and non-orthogonal planes, the position of the shadow depending on the position and direction of a simulated light source located above the object in the universe; and

means for displaying the shadow on the visual display, thereby improving depth perception.

2. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the object is airborne.

3. The shadowing system as defined in claim 2, wherein the system includes control means connected to the computer for maneuvering the object through the universe.

4. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the simulated light source is positioned in the range of about 30'"'"' to about 90'"'"' from the horizontal of the terrain.

5. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the shadow provides a visual cue as to the altitude of the object above the terrain.

6. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the simulated light source generates essentially parallel rays of light that collide with the object.

7. The shadowing system as defined in claim 6, wherein the shadow is essentially the same size and shape as the object.

8. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the object comprises a simulated helicopter.

9. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein overlap of the object and the shadow is indicative of a collision of the object with the terrain.

10. The shadowing system as defined in claim 9, wherein a single point of the object and a single point of the shadow are used to determine the overlap.

11. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, additionally comprising another object located between the moving object and the terrain on a line originating at the simulated light source so that the shadow is projected on the other object.

12. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein a single point of the object is used to project the shadow.

13. The shadowing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the simulated light source is positioned at about 75°

from the horizontal of the terrain.

14. A shadowing system, comprising:

a computer having a processor and a memory;

a visual display connected to the computer;

a model process simulating a moving object in a universe generated by the computer, wherein the universe includes a terrain defined by a set of planes which includes at least one plane which is non-parallel and non-orthogonal to any other plane in the set;

a collision process continuously projecting a shadow of the moving object on the terrain, including the non-parallel and non-orthogonal planes, the position of the shadow depending on the position and direction of a simulated light source located above the object in the universe; and

a video process displaying the object, the universe and the shadow on the visual display, thereby improving depth perception.

15. The shadowing system as defined in claim 14, wherein the object is airborne.

16. The shadowing system as defined in claim 14, additionally comprising another object located between the moving object and the terrain on a line originating at the simulated light source so that the shadow is projected on the other object.

17. The shadowing system as defined in claim 14, wherein the collision process utilizes a single point of the object to project the shadow.

18. The shadowing system as defined in claim 14, additionally comprising at least one input device connected to the computer controlling the motion of the object in the universe.

19. In a shadowing system, including a computer and a visual display, a method of shadowing an object in motion, the method comprising the steps of:

simulating, and displaying on the visual display, an object in motion in a universe generated by the computer, wherein the universe includes a terrain defined by a set of planes which includes at least one plane which is non-parallel and non-orthogonal to any other plane in the set; and

continuously projecting a shadow of the moving object on the terrain, the position of the shadow depending on the position and direction of a simulated light source located above the object in the universe, wherein the light source is non-orthogonal to the normal of a one of the planes of the terrain; and

displaying the shadow on the visual display, thereby improving depth perception.

20. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, wherein the object is airborne.

21. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, additionally including the step of maneuvering the object through the universe.

22. The shadowing method as defined in claim 21, wherein the system additionally comprises at least one input device for controlling the motion of the object.

23. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, wherein the projecting step comprises the step of generating an essentially parallel set of rays of light from the light source that collide with the object.

24. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, additionally comprising the step of determining a collision of the object with the terrain.

25. The shadowing method as defined in claim 24, wherein the step of determining the collision includes the step of determining the overlap of a single point of the object and a single point of the shadow.

26. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, additionally comprising the step of projecting the shadow on another object located between the moving object and the terrain on a line originating at the simulated light source.

27. The shadowing method as defined in claim 19, wherein the step of projecting the shadow of the object utilizes a single point of the object.

28. In a shadowing system, including a computer, a visual display and at least one input device, a method of shadowing an object in motion, the method comprising the steps of:

moving an input device so as to provide position information about an object;

simulating the object in motion in a universe generated by the computer, wherein the motion of the object is responsive to the position information, and wherein the universe includes a terrain defined by a set of planes which includes at least one plane which is non-parallel and non-orthogonal to any other plane in the set;

displaying the object in motion in a portion of the universe on the visual display;

continuously projecting a shadow of the object on the terrain, including the non-parallel and non-orthogonal planes, the position of the shadow depending on the position and direction of a simulated light source located above the object in the universe; and

displaying the shadow on the visual display, thereby improving depth perception.

29. The shadowing method as defined in claim 28, wherein the object is airborne.