Storage device array architecture with copyback cache

• US 5,617,530 A
• Filed: 12/27/1995
• Issued: 04/01/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/04/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Original Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Inventors: Brant, William A., Stallmo, David C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Beausoliel, Jr., Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUA, LY
• Application Number:
  US08/579,545
• Time in Patent Office: 461 Days
• Field of Search: 395/182.04, 395/182.03, 395/182.01, 395/181, 395/182.13, 371/40.1
• US Class Current: 714/6.12
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1076 Parity data used in redundant arrays of independent storages, e.g. in RAID systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1435 using file system or storage system metadata
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1441 Resetting or repowering
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1666 where the redundant component is memory or memory area
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/20 using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2087 with a common controller
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2089 Redundant storage control functionality
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2094 Redundant storage or storage space G06F11/2056 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0804 with main memory updating G06F12/0806 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0866 for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/1019 Fast writes, i.e. signaling the host that a write is done before data is written to disk
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/1059 Parity-single bit-RAID5, i.e. RAID 5 implementations
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1833 by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information G11B20/1806, G11B20/1866 take precedence

Abstract

A fault-tolerant storage device array using a copyback cache storage unit for temporary storage. When a Write occurs to the RAID system, the data is immediately written to the first available location in the copyback cache storage unit. Upon completion of the Write to the copyback cache storage unit, the host CPU is immediately informed that the Write was successful. Thereafter, further storage unit accesses by the CPU can continue without waiting for an error-correction block update for the data just written. In a first embodiment of the invention, Read-Modify-Write operations are performed during idle time. In a second embodiment of the invention, normal Read-Modify-Write operation by the RAID system controller continue use Write data in the controller'"'"'s buffer memory. In a third embodiment, at least two controllers, each associated with one copyback cache storage unit, copy Write data from controller buffers to the associated copyback cache storage unit. If a copyback cache storage unit fails, more than one controller share a single copyback storage unit. In a fourth embodiment, Write data is copied from a controller buffer to a reserved area of each storage unit comprising the array.

Claims

1. A fault-tolerant storage device array, comprising:

(a) failure independent storage units for storing information, including data blocks and associated error-correction blocks;

(b) a copyback cache comprising at least one copyback storage unit for temporarily storing data blocks; and

(c) a storage unit controller, coupled to said failure independent storage units and to said copyback cache storage unit, and having a controller buffer providing a logical area corresponding to an area in said copyback cache, said storage unit controller for;

(i) receiving data blocks into the controller buffer as pending data blocks;

(ii) writing each pending data block into said logical area of said copyback cache; and

(iii) during an idle time of at least one of the failure independent storage units;

(1) reading at least one pending data block from the controller buffer;

(2) accessing at least one of the plurality of failure independent storage units and reading information corresponding to at least one read pending data block;

(3) generating an associated error-correction block from the read information and at least one read pending data block; and

(4) writing at least one such read pending data block and said associated error-correction block to at least one idle storage unit.

2. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 wherein said failure independent storage units are configured to store said information as stripes of blocks.

3. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 wherein said failure independent storage units are configured for writing each read pending data block and associated error-correction block to a stripe of at least one of the idle storage units.

4. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 wherein said at least one copyback cache storage unit is a solid-state storage unit.

5. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 4 wherein said solid-state storage unit is a non-volatile solid-state storage unit.

6. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 4 wherein said solid-state storage unit comprises a volatile storage unit, and a battery backup to supply backup power to said volatile storage unit.

7. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 wherein said copyback cache storage unit is a logical storage unit.

8. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 wherein said copyback cache storage unit is a disk drive.

9. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 1 further comprising:

at least one additional copyback cache comprising at least one copyback cache storage unit, for temporarily storing data blocks; and

at least one additional storage unit controller, including a controller buffer, coupled to the plurality of failure independent storage units and to said copyback caches, said additional storage unit controller having a corresponding logical area in said additional copyback cache.

10. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 9 wherein each of said copyback caches has two logical areas, whereby if one copyback cache fails, a logical area of another copyback cache can be associated with a controller of the failed copyback cache.

11. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 9 wherein said copyback cache can be established on at least one of said failure independent storage units.

12. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 9 wherein said copyback cache storage units are solid-state storage units.

13. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 12 wherein said solid-state storage units are non-volatile storage units.

14. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 12 wherein said solid-state storage units comprise volatile storage units, and a battery backup for supplying backup power to said volatile storage units.

15. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 9 wherein said copyback cache storage units are logical storage units.

16. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 9 wherein said copyback cache storage units are disk drives.

17. A fault-tolerant storage device array, comprising:

a. failure independent storage units for storing blocks of information, including at least data blocks and associated error-correction blocks;

b. a copyback cache, comprising at least one copyback storage unit, for temporarily storing data blocks; and

c. a storage unit controller, coupled to said failure independent storage units and to the copyback cache and having a buffer memory, said storage unit controller for;

(1) writing received data blocks initially into the copyback cache;

(2) temporarily storing received data blocks in the buffer memory as pending data blocks; and

(3) while at least one of the plurality of storage units is idle;

(a) accessing at least one pending data block from the buffer memory;

(b) accessing the storage units and reading information corresponding to at least one accessed pending data block;

(c) generating an associated error-correction block from the read information and at least one accessed pending data block;

(d) and writing each such accessed pending data block and associated error-correction block to at least one idle storage unit; and

(4) reading requested data blocks from the buffer memory when such required data blocks are in the buffer memory, otherwise making access to the plurality of storage units.

18. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 wherein said failure independent storage units are configured to store said information as stripes of blocks.

19. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 wherein said failure independent storage units are configured for writing each accessed pending data block and associated error-correction block to a stripe of at least one of said idle storage units.

20. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 wherein said copyback cache storage unit is a solid-state storage unit.

21. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 20 wherein said solid-state storage unit is a non-volatile storage unit.

22. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 20 wherein said solid-state storage unit comprises a volatile storage unit, and a battery backup to supply backup power for said volatile storage unit.

23. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 wherein said copyback cache storage unit is a logical storage unit.

24. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 wherein said copyback cache storage unit is a disk drive.

25. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 17 further comprising:

at least one additional copyback cache, comprising at least one copyback cache storage unit, for temporarily storing data blocks; and

at least one additional storage unit controller, including a controller buffer and being coupled to the failure independent storage units and to said copyback caches.

26. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 25 wherein each of said copyback caches has two logical areas for association with said storage unit controllers, whereby if one copyback cache fails, a logical area of another copyback cache can be associated with a controller of the failed copyback cache.

27. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 25 wherein said copyback cache can be established on at least one of said failure independent storage units.

28. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 25 wherein said copyback cache storage units are solid-state storage units.

29. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 28 wherein said solid-state storage units are non-volatile storage units.

30. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 28 wherein said solid-state storage units comprise volatile storage units, and a battery to supply backup power to said volatile storage units.

31. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 25 wherein said copyback cache storage units are logical storage units.

32. The fault tolerant storage device of claim 25 wherein said copyback cache storage units are disk drives.