Enhanced vertical resolution processing of dual-spaced density tools

• US 5,619,411 A
• Filed: 12/02/1994
• Issued: 04/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Company
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Company
• Inventors: Smith, Michael P.
• Primary Examiner(s): McElheny, Jr., Donald E.
• Application Number:
  US08/348,561
• Time in Patent Office: 858 Days
• Field of Search: 364/421, 364/422
• US Class Current: 702/8
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/12 using gamma or X-ray sources gamma sources using isotopes G21G4/00; X-ray tubes H01J35/00

Abstract

The method employs standard processing techniques in order to derive and maintain raw data as well as background corrected and shop calibrated data. Specific data from standard processing is used for the Enhanced Vertical Resolution (EVR) processing. The method uses corrected and calibrated data from standard processing. This data is filtered using improved standard processing material matching filters. Density correction factors Δρ_LONG (or equivalently Δρ_SHORT) is calculated for the long and short detectors and used in further processing. Δρ_LONG and Δρ_SHORT are used to calculate the standard calibrated compensated density ρ. Enhanced processing begins with the iterative deconvolution and filtering (or smoothing) of Δρ_SHORT. The background corrected and shop calibrated short density data, calculated during standard processing, is materially matched using an improved EVR filter. Finally, an enhanced calibrated borehole compensated density ρ_B is calculated. The use of the same processing methods and a strict enforcement of material matching, both for the standard and enhanced processing, insures that neither short nor long detector count rates are overemphasized and that shop calibrations and borehole compensation are accurately maintained.

Claims

1. A method for determining the density of earth formations with enhanced vertical resolution comprising the steps of:

(a) moving a logging tool through a well borehole that penetrates at least one formation, wherein the logging tool includes a source of gamma rays and at least two detectors that measure the gamma rays scattered by the at least one formation and wherein said detectors are spaced from the source by different distances;

(b) measuring count rate responses from said detectors as a function of tool depth while moving the logging tool through said borehole and computing a density measurement from at least one of said detectors;

(c) depth aligning and filtering said count rate responses to produce at least two count rate inputs for a compensated formation density computation;

(d) computing a value of compensated formation density and formation density correction from at least two of said count rate inputs according to a predetermined relationship;

(e) computing a detector vertical response function according to a second predetermined relationship;

(f) deconvolving said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from step (d) by using said vertical response function and according to a third predetermined relationship to obtain a deconvolved formation density correction with enhanced vertical resolution; and

(g) combining said deconvolved formation density correction and one of said computed density measurements from (b) according to a fourth predetermined relationship to compute a compensated formation density with enhanced vertical resolution.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein at step (b) said count rates are measured at least two times per foot.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (c) said depth aligning and filtering involve at least in part material matching of said inputs.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part applying a standard tool calibration.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part correcting for variations in borehole size and tool standoff.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part smoothing such that said density has relatively good precision and repeatability.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (f) said third predetermined relationship involves at least in part prefiltering said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) prior to the deconvolving operation.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (f) said deconvolving formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) involves at least in part responses for that detector from step (b) measured at least at three different tool positions while moving the logging tool through said borehole.

26. The method of claim 1 wherein at step (d) said formation density correction is a short detector formation density correction.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein at step (f) said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement is a short detector formation density correction.

9. A method for determining the density of earth formations with enhanced vertical resolution comprising the steps of:

(a) moving a logging tool through a well borehole that penetrates at least one formation, wherein the logging tool includes a source of gamma rays and at least two detectors that measure the gamma rays scattered by the at least one formation and wherein said detectors are spaced from the source by different distances;

(b) measuring count rate responses from said detectors as a function of tool depth while moving the logging tool through said borehole and computing a density measurement from at least one of said detectors;

(c) depth aligning and filtering said count rate responses to produce at least two count rate inputs for a compensated formation density computation;

(d) computing a value of compensated formation density and formation density correction from at least two of said count rate inputs according to a predetermined relationship, and wherein said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part correcting for variations in borehole size and tool standoff;

(e) computing a detector vertical response function according to a second predetermined relationship;

(f) deconvolving said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from step (d) by using said vertical response function and according to a third predetermined relationship to obtain a deconvolved formation density correction with enhanced vertical resolution; and

(g) combining said deconvolved formation density correction and one of said computed density measurements from (b) according to a fourth predetermined relationship to compute a compensated formation density with enhanced vertical resolution.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (c) said depth aligning and filtering involve at least in part material matching of said inputs.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part applying a standard tool calibration.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part smoothing such that said density has relatively good precision and repeatability.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (f) said third predetermined relationship involves at least in part prefiltering said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) prior to the deconvolving operation.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (f) said deconvolving a formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) involves at least in part responses for that detector from step (b) measured at least at three different tool positions while moving the logging tool through said borehole.

28. The method of claim 9 wherein at step (d) said formation density correction is a short detector formation density correction.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein at step (f) said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement is a short detector formation density correction.

15. A method for determining the density of earth formations with enhanced vertical resolution comprising the steps of:

(a) moving a logging tool through a well borehole that penetrates at least one formation, wherein the logging tool includes a source of gamma rays and at least two detectors that measure the gamma rays scattered by the at least one formation and wherein said detectors are spaced from the source by different distances;

(b) measuring count rate responses from said detectors as a function of tool depth while moving the logging tool through said borehole and computing a density measurement from at least one of said detectors;

(c) depth aligning and filtering said count rate responses to produce at least two count rate inputs for a compensated formation density computation;

(d) computing a value of compensated formation density and formation density correction from at least two of said count rate inputs according to a predetermined relationship;

(e) computing a detector vertical response function according to a second predetermined relationship;

(f) deconvolving said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from step (d) by using said vertical response function and according to a third predetermined relationship to obtain a deconvolved formation density correction with enhanced vertical resolution, and wherein said third predetermined relationship involves at least in part prefiltering said short detector count rate response from (b) prior to the deconvolving operation; and

(g) combining said deconvolved formation density correction and one of said computed density measurements from (b) according to a fourth predetermined relationship to compute a compensated formation density with enhanced vertical resolution.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein at step (c) said depth aligning and filtering involve at least in part material matching of said inputs.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part applying a standard tool calibration.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part smoothing such that said density has relatively good precision and repeatability.

19. The method of claim 15 wherein at step (f) said deconvolving a formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) involves at least in part responses for that detector from step (b) measured at least at three different tool positions while moving the logging tool through said borehole.

30. The method of claim 15 wherein at step (d) said formation density correction is a short detector formation density correction.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein at step (f) said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement is a short detector formation density correction.

20. A method for determining the density of earth formations with enhanced vertical resolution comprising the steps of:

(a) moving a logging tool through a well borehole that penetrates at least one formation, wherein the logging tool includes a source of gamma rays and at least two detectors that measure the gamma rays scattered by the at least one formation and wherein said detectors are spaced from the source by different distances;

(b) measuring count rate responses from said detectors as a function of tool depth while moving the logging tool through said borehole and computing a density measurement from at least one of said detectors;

(c) depth aligning and filtering said count rate responses to produce at least two count rate inputs for a compensated formation density computation;

(d) computing a value of compensated formation density and formation density correction from at least two of said count rate inputs according to a predetermined relationship;

(e) computing a detector vertical response function according to a second predetermined relationship;

(f) deconvolving said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from step (d) by using said vertical response function and according to a third predetermined relationship to obtain a deconvolved formation density correction with enhanced vertical resolution, and wherein said deconvolving a short detector count rate response involves at least in part responses for that detector from step (b) measured at least at three different tool positions while moving the logging tool through said borehole; and

(g) combining said deconvolved formation density correction and one of said computed density measurements from (b) according to a fourth predetermined relationship to compute a compensated formation density with enhanced vertical resolution.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (c) said depth aligning and filtering involve at least in part material matching of said inputs.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part applying a standard tool calibration.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part correcting for variations in borehole size and tool standoff.

24. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (d) said computing a value of compensated formation density involves at least in part smoothing such that said density has relatively good precision and repeatability.

25. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (f) said third predetermined relationship involves at least in part prefiltering said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement from (d) prior to the deconvolving operation.

32. The method of claim 20 wherein at step (d) said formation density correction is a short detector formation density correction.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein at step (f) said formation density correction for one of said detectors from said compensated formation density measurement is a short detector formation density correction.