Method and apparatus for reducing waiting time jitter in pulse stuffing synchronized digital communications

• US 5,619,506 A
• Filed: 04/27/1995
• Issued: 04/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ADTRAN Incorporated (ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ADTRAN Incorporated (ADTRAN Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Turner, Michael D., Schneider, Kevin W., Burch, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGO, RICKY QUOC
• Application Number:
  US08/429,950
• Time in Patent Office: 712 Days
• Field of Search: 370/58.1, 370/58.2, 370/77, 370/91, 370/99, 370/100.1, 370/102, 370/105.1, 370/105.3, 370/108, 370/112, 370/105.2, 370/105.4, 370/105.5, 370/106, 375/371, 375/372, 375/373, 375/375, 375/342, 375/363
• US Class Current: 370/506
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/073 Bit stuffing, e.g. PDH

Abstract

A jitter/wander reduction mechanism monitors the ratio of pulse stuffing, to detect whenever the pulse stuffing ratio is proximate a prescribed undesirable ratio of stuffs per stuffing opportunity, which causes the wander to be a large number of unit intervals. A stuffing pulse accumulator-controlled frequency shift control circuit monitors the signal produced by a multiplexer (and demultiplexer for full duplex mode) control logic circuit and incrementally adjusts, as necessary, the frequency of a synchronized clock signal input to the multiplexer (and demultiplexer). The magnitude of the incremental frequency shift is sufficient to drive the synchronized clock away from the frequency associated with the undesired stuff ratio to a frequency that is sufficiently separated from the undesired value to produce a stuffing ratio other than the undesired value and reduce the jitter/wander.

Claims

1. A method of synchronizing an asynchronous signal to produce a synchronized signal comprising the steps of:

(a) performing a comparison of phases of the asynchronous signal and the synchronized signal to produce a stuff control signal and controllably stuffing the asynchronous signal with pulses at a ratio of stuffs per stuffing opportunity in dependence upon said stuff control signal; and

(b) controllably adjusting the frequency of said synchronized signal in accordance with said ratio of stuffs per stuffing opportunity.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises controllably changing the frequency of said synchronized signal to a value that is not proximate a stuffing ratio associated with a given undesired stuffing ratio of q stuffs per stuffing opportunity p, wherein each of q and p is a small integer.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises monitoring the number of stuffs controllably stuffed in step (a) over a prescribed interval, and incrementally changing the frequency of said synchronized signal in response to said number of stuffs having a prescribed relationship with respect to a criterion.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein step (b) comprises incrementally increasing the frequency of said synchronized signal.

5. A method according to claim 3, wherein step (b) comprises incrementally decreasing the frequency of said synchronized signal.

6. An apparatus for synchronizing an asynchronous digital signal to produce a synchronized digital signal comprising:

an elastic store into which successive components of said asynchronous digital signal are written by a write clock coupled to said elastic store, and from which successive components of said synchronized digital signal are read out by a read clock coupled to said elastic store;

a phase comparator to which said write and read clocks are coupled and which is operative to produce an output representative of the phase difference between said write and read clocks;

an output multiplexer which is coupled to receive said synchronized digital signal and stuff pulses, and is operative to controllably multiplex said stuff pulses with components of said synchronized signal in accordance with a control signal to produce a stuffed synchronous output signal having a number of stuffs per stuffing opportunity; and

a stuff controller which is operative to generate said control signal in accordance with the output of said phase comparator, said stuff controller controllably adjusting the frequency of said synchronized signal in accordance with said ratio of stuffs per stuffing opportunity.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said stuff controller is operative to controllably change the frequency of said synchronized signal to a value that is not proximate to a stuffing ratio associated with a given undesired stuffing ratio of q stuffs per stuffing opportunity p, wherein each of q and p is a small integer.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said stuff controller is operative to monitor the number of stuffs controllably multiplexed by said multiplexer over a prescribed interval, and incrementally changes the frequency of said synchronized signal in response to said number of stuffs having a prescribed relationship with respect to a criterion.

9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said stuff controller is operative to incrementally increase the frequency of said synchronized signal.

10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said stuff controller is operative to incrementally decrease the frequency of said synchronized signal.

11. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said stuff controller comprises a stuffing pulse accumulator, which is operative to monitor the number of stuffs carried out over a given interval, and a controllable synchronized clock generator, the output frequency of which is incrementally changed so as to adjust the frequency of said synchronized signal, in response to said number of stuffs accumulated by said stuffing pulse accumulator at any time during said given interval having a prescribed relationship with respect to a criterion.

12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said stuff controller is operative to incrementally increase the frequency of said synchronized signal.

13. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said stuff controller is operative to incrementally decrease the frequency of said synchronized signal.

14. An apparatus according to claim 6, further including a demultiplexer-desynchronizer for desynchronizing a synchronized digital signal to produce a desynchronized digital signal, said demultiplexer-desynchronizer including:

an input demultiplexer which is coupled to receive said synchronized digital signal and is operative to controllably demultiplex said synchronized signal to a selected output line including a stuff pulses output line in accordance with a destuff control signal to produce a destuffed synchronized digital signal;

a further elastic store into which successive components of said destuffed synchronized digital signal are written by a write clock therefor, and from which successive components of a desynchronized digital signal are read out by a read clock therefor;

a further phase comparator to which said write and read clocks are coupled and which is operative to produce an output representative of the phase difference between said write and read clocks;

a read clock generator which is operative to generate said read clock in accordance with said output representative of the phase difference between said write and read clocks; and

a destuff controller which is operative to generate said destuff control signal, said destuff controller being coupled to further controllably adjust the frequency of said synchronized signal to a value that is not proximate said stuffing ratio associated with said given undesired stuffing ratio of q stuffs per stuffing opportunity p.

15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said destuff controller is operative to monitor the number of destuffs carried out over a prescribed interval, and incrementally causes the frequency of said synchronized signal to be changed in response to said number of destuffs having said prescribed relationship with respect to said criterion.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said destuff controller is operative to cause the frequency of said synchronized signal to be incrementally increased.

17. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said stuff controller is operative to cause the frequency of said synchronized signal to be incrementally decreased.

18. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said destuff controller comprises a destuffing pulse accumulator, which is operative to monitor the number of destuffs carried out over a given interval, and wherein the output frequency of said controllable synchronized clock generator is incrementally changed so as to adjust the frequency of said synchronized signal, in response to said number of destuffs accumulated by said destuffing pulse accumulator at any time during said given interval having a prescribed relationship with respect to a criterion.

19. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said destuff controller is operative to cause the frequency of said synchronized signal to be incrementally increased.

20. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said destuff controller is operative to cause the frequency of said synchronized signal to be incrementally decreased.