Auxiliary power unit for hybrid electric vehicle

• US 5,619,956 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 04/15/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cummins PowerGen IP, Inc. (Cummins Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: ONAN Corporation (Cummins Incorporated)
• Inventors: Norrick, Daniel A., Shanks, Eugene G., Koziara, Robert P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamen, Noah P.
• Application Number:
  US08/478,183
• Time in Patent Office: 678 Days
• Field of Search: 310/54, 310/58, 123/41.31, 123/196 AB, 184/6.22
• US Class Current: 123/41.31
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2001/003 with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/485 Motor-assist type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/15 with additional electric power supply with capacitors charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/40; with batteries charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/61
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 2003/006 the liquid being oil
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 2003/008 the liquid being water and oil
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 2050/24 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 2060/00 Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 2060/08 Cabin heater
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 3/08 Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 3/20 Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine F01P3/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 2075/027 four
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 2075/1812 three
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 63/04 for electric generators
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 75/20 with cylinders all in one line
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/04 the motors being associated with current generators
• CPC Class Codes: F16F 15/264 Rotating balancer shafts F16F15/262 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 27/00 AC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 5/20 with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 5/203 specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/14 Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans with fan or impeller for cooling the machine H02K9/06
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1815 : structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines general aspects of generating sets, e.g. housing, F02B63/04
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

An auxiliary power system includes an engine balance system, an integrated alternator/starter, a thermal management system, noise-vibration-harshness control system, an emissions/fuel economy system, an APU master control unit, and a vehicle control system. The thermal management system includes an alternator/starter cooling assembly for cooling an alternator/starter in the auxiliary power system, an engine lubricating/cooling assembly for cooling an engine in the auxiliary power system, an assembly for collecting a cooling material after passing through the alternator/starter and the engine, an assembly for scavenging the cooling material from the collecting assembly to a first heat exchanger, an assembly for circulating the cooling material back to the alternator/starter and the engine, and a second heat exchanger which is disposed on the circulating assembly between the first heat exchanger and an alternator/starter inlet.

Claims

1. An alternator/starter oil cooling system for a hybrid electric vehicle having an auxiliary power unit, comprising:

an alternator/starter of the auxiliary power unit having a rotor and a stator, the rotor being mounted onto a drive shaft of the hybrid electric vehicle, the stator having a winding stack on a core of the stator;

a housing containing the alternator/starter;

means for conducting heat from inside the alternator/starter, the alternator/starter being cooled at an outside of the alternator/starter, the conducting heat means being disposed at an end of the winding stack of the stator;

first cooling means for cooling heat on the outside of the alternator/starter, the first cooling means being disposed around the conducting heat means;

second cooling means, disposed around the winding stack of the stator, for cooling heat on the winding stack of the stator;

first seal means, disposed between the housing and the alternator/starter, for sealing the first cooling means to prevent a cooling material from leaking into the alternator/starter, cooling contaminations are eliminated inside the alternator/starter;

second seal means, disposed around the first cooling means, having a wall for sealing the second cooling means to prevent the cooling material from leaking into the alternator/starter;

cooling material inlet means, mounted on the housing and connected to a pipe, for allowing the cooling material to flow into the pipe which is in a fluid communication with the first and second cooling means;

cooling material collecting means, mounted to an end of the first and second cooling means, for collecting the cooling material after passing through the first and second cooling means; and

cooling material outlet means, disposed at an end of the cooling material collecting means, for allowing the cooling material to flow out of the housing.

2. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the heat conducting means includes a circular end turn of the winding stack of the stator, the circular end turn also being wound in a plurality of slots on an inside of the stator.

3. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 2, the circular end turn is made of copper and is impregnated with a high temperature and high strength epoxy resin, the slots are paved with a plurality layers of heat conductive, dielectric insulating materials.

4. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first cooling means includes a first annulus for allowing the cooling material to flow around the heat conducting means, a width of the first annulus being sized to allow the cooling material to contact the heat conducting means.

5. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 4, the second seal means having a first opening opened to the pipe to allow the cooling material flowing from the inlet means into the first annulus, and a second opening opened to the cooling material collecting means to allow the cooling material flowing out of the first annulus.

6. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second cooling means includes a first annulus around the winding stack of the stator, a width of the second annulus being sized to allow the cooling material to contact the winding stack of the stator.

7. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 6, wherein the cooling material flows into the second annulus through a plurality of holes on the pipe, and the cooling material flows out of the second annulus opening opened to the cooling material collecting means.

8. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first seal means includes a plurality of gaskets.

9. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second seal means includes a circular member around the first cooling means, the first cooling means being disposed between the circular member and the heat conducting means, the circular member having a side wall sealing the cooling material inside the second cooling means from leaking into the alternator/starter.

10. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cooling material flows from the inlet means through the pipe to a second end of the winding stack.

11. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 10, wherein a third cooling means, a second heat conducting means, and a third seal means are disposed at a second end of the winding stack, the third cooling means includes a third annulus around the second heat conducting means at the second end of the winding stack.

12. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 11, wherein the third seal means has a third opening connected to an end of the pipe, the cooling material flowing from the inlet means through the pipe into the third annulus, the cooling material flowing out of the third annulus from a fourth opening opened to the cooling material collecting means.

13. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cooling material collecting means includes a second pipe, the cooling material outlet means allowing the cooling material flowing from the second pipe to the outside of the alternator/starter.

14. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inlet means is disposed at a top of the housing, and the outlet means is disposed at a bottom of the housing.

15. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inlet means is disposed at a bottom of the housing, and the outlet means is disposed at a top of the housing.

16. An alternator/starter oil cooling system for a hybrid electric vehicle having an auxiliary power unit, comprising:

an alternator/starter of the auxiliary power unit having a rotor and a stator, the rotor being mounted onto a drive shaft of the hybrid electric vehicle, the stator having a winding stack on a core of the stator;

a housing containing the alternator/starter;

means for conducting heat from inside the alternator/starter, the alternator/starter being cooled at an outside of the alternator/starter, the conducting heat means being disposed at an end of the winding stack of the stator;

cooling means for cooling heat on the outside of the alternator/starter, the cooling means being disposed around the conducting heat means and the winding stack of the stator;

first seal means, disposed between the housing and the alternator/starter, for sealing the cooling means to prevent a cooling material from leaking into the alternator/starter, cooling contaminations are eliminated inside the alternator/starter;

second seal means, disposed around the cooling means, having a wall for sealing the cooling means to prevent the cooling material from leaking into the alternator/starter;

cooling material inlet means, mounted on the housing, for allowing the cooling material to flow into the cooling means;

cooling material collecting means, mounted to an end of the cooling means, for collecting the cooling material after passing through the cooling means; and

cooling material outlet means, disposed at an end of the cooling material collecting means, for allowing the cooling material to flow out of the housing.

17. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 16, wherein the cooling means includes an annulus around the heat conducting means.

18. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 16, wherein the first seal means includes a plurality of gaskets.

19. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 16, wherein the second seal means includes a side wall sealing the cooling material inside the cooling means from leaking into the alternator/starter.

20. A thermal management system for a hybrid electric vehicle having an auxiliary power unit, comprising:

alternator/starter cooling means for cooling an alternator/starter in the auxiliary power unit;

engine lubricating/cooling means for cooling an engine in the auxiliary power unit;

cooling material collecting means for collecting a cooling material after passing through the alternator/starter and the engine;

means for scavenging the cooling material from the cooling material collecting means to a first heat exchanger so that the cooling material can be recycled for further cooling purposes;

means for circulating the cooling material back to the alternator/starter and the engine; and

a second heat exchanger being disposed on the circulating means between the first heat exchanger and an alternator/starter inlet.

21. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 20, wherein the circulated cooling material directly flows to the engine without passing through the second heat exchanger.

22. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 20, wherein the scavenging means includes a wet sump, the cooling material being retained in the wet sump and being scavenged by a pump device.

23. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 20, wherein the scavenging means includes a dry sump, the cooling material being scavenged immediately by a pump device, no cooling material is retained in the dry sump.

24. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 23, wherein a cooling material reservoir is disposed on the circulating means for supplying the cooling material to the alternator/starter and the engine.

25. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 20, the cooling material is cooling oil.

26. An alternator/starter oil cooling system for a hybrid electric vehicle, comprising:

an alternator/starter having a rotor and a stator, the stator having a winding stack on a core of the stator;

a housing containing the alternator/starter;

means for conducting heat from inside the alternator/starter, the conducting heat means being disposed at an end of the winding stack of the stator;

cooling means for cooling heat from inside the alternator/starter, the cooling means having first and second cooling passageways, the first cooling passageway being disposed around the heat conducting means for directly cooling heat from inside of the alternator/starter, the second cooling passageway being disposed around the winding stack of the stator for cooling heat on the winding stack of the stator;

cooling material inlet means, mounted on the housing and being in fluid communication with the first and second cooling passageways, for allowing a cooling material to flow into the cooling passageways;

cooling material collecting means, mounted to an end of the cooling means, for collecting the cooling material after passing through the cooling means; and

cooling material outlet means, disposed at an end of the cooling material collecting means, for allowing the cooling material to flow out of the housing.

27. An alternator/starter oil cooling system in accordance with claim 26, wherein the heat conducting means includes a circular end turn of the winding stack of the stator, the circular end turn also being wound in a plurality of slots on an inside of the stator.

28. A thermal management system for a hybrid electric vehicle having an auxiliary power unit, comprising:

alternator/starter cooling means for cooling an alternator/starter in the auxiliary power unit;

engine lubrication/cooling means for cooling an engine in the auxiliary power unit;

cooling material collecting means for collecting a cooling material after passing through the alternator/starter and the engine;

means for scavenging the cooling material from the cooling material collecting means to heat exchanger means which is connected to the scavenging means; and

means for circulating the cooling material from the heat exchangermeans back to the alternator/starter and the engine.

29. A thermal management system in accordance with claim 28, wherein the cooling material is cooling oil.