Surgical instrument

• US 5,620,447 A
• Filed: 09/27/1995
• Issued: 04/15/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Smith & Nephew Incorporated (Smith & Nephew PLC)
• Original Assignee: Smith & Nephew Holdings Incorporated (Smith & Nephew PLC)
• Inventors: Cessarini, Peter M., Smith, Graham, Woolfson, Steven B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tucker, Guy V.
• Application Number:
  US08/534,743
• Time in Patent Office: 566 Days
• Field of Search: 606/79, 606/80, 606/81, 606/82, 606/83, 606/84, 606/85, 606/150, 606/167, 606/170, 125/751, 125/749, 125/752, 125/753, 125/754, 125/755, 604/22
• US Class Current: 606/79
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32002 with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00309 Cut-outs or slits
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/2905 flexible
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/2927 the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/0138 having flexible regions as a result of weakened outer material, e.g. slots, slits, cuts, joints or coils

Abstract

A surgical instrument includes a first member that has an opening in its distal region for admitting tissue and that is rotatable with respect to a base from which the first member extends to allow the rotational orientation of the opening to be selectively changed with respect to the axis of the instrument. A second member is disposed within the first member to transmit force to move a cutting implement disposed at its distal end and cause it to cut tissue that is exposed to the implement through the opening. In another aspect of the invention, a surgical instrument includes a rigid member that has a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region from a proximal region mounted to a first section of a base; a surgical device extending distally from a second section of the base coaxially with the rigid member carries a surgical tool distal of the bend region, and is flexible at least in the bend region to transmit force applied at a proximal end of the surgical device through the bend region to operate the surgical tool; the first base section is rotatable with respect to the second base section, allowing the relative rotational orientation between the surgical tool and the bend region to be changed.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument disposed generally along an axis, said surgical instrument comprising

a first member that extends distally from a base and has an opening in a distal region thereof for admitting tissue, said first member including a bend region that angularly offsets said distal region of said first member from said axis so that said distal region is aligned with a distal axis,

a second member for moving a cutting implement and causing it to cut tissue that is exposed to said implement through said opening, and

a rotator coupled to said first member for rotating said first member with respect to said base to rotate said opening around to said distal axis, said distal axis and said distal region remaining aligned as said first member rotates with respect to said base.

2. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said rotator allows said rotational orientation of said opening to be changed over a range of at least 180°

.

3. The instrument of claim 2 wherein said rotator allows said rotational orientation of said opening to be changed over a range of 360°

.

4. The instrument of claim 3 wherein said rotator is configured to be manually actuated by a user of said instrument to change said rotational orientation of said opening.

5. The instrument of claim 4 wherein said rotator includes a knob that is rigidly secured to a proximal end of said first member and rotatably mounted to a stationary portion of said base.

6. The instrument of claim 5 wherein said knob is mounted to said stationary portion so that said knob can be selectively rotated to a plurality of discrete positions, thereby to allow said opening to be selectively positioned to a corresponding plurality of discrete rotational orientations.

7. The instrument of claim 6 wherein said stationary portion includes a plurality of recesses each of which corresponds to one of said discrete positions, said knob including a plunger for selectively engaging said recesses, to maintain said opening in the corresponding discrete rotational orientation.

8. The instrument of claim 7 wherein said knob is resiliently biased toward said stationary portion to retain said plunger in a said recess, thereby to avoid accidental rotation of said first member with respect to said base.

9. The instrument of claim 8 wherein said second member has a proximal end that is secured to a drive shaft mounted for movement with respect to said stationary portion and said knob.

10. The instrument of claim 9 wherein said drive shaft is adapted to be driven by a motor to rotate said second member with respect to said first member and move said cutting implement.

11. The instrument of claim 10 wherein said second member is hollow and is adapted receive suction at its proximal end and to transport body material cut by said cutting implement away from a surgical site while the instrument remains in situ for further cutting.

12. The instrument of claim 11 wherein said cutting implement comprises a blade.

13. A surgical instrument disposed generally along an axis, said surgical instrument comprising

a first member that extends distally from a base and has an opening in a distal region thereof for admitting tissue, said first member including a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region of said first member from said axis in a selected direction,

a rotator coupled to said first member for rotating said first member with respect to said base to selectively change a rotational orientation of said opening with respect to said axis,

said first member being relatively flexible at least in said bend region to allow said rotator to change said rotational orientation of said opening without changing said selected direction of said offset,

a second member for moving a cutting implement and causing it to cut tissue that is exposed to said implement through said opening, and

at least a portion of said second member being axially aligned with said bend region, said portion being relatively flexible to transmit force applied at a proximal end thereof through said bend region to move said cutting implement.

14. The instrument of claim 13 wherein said first member is relieved in said bend region to provide the relative flexibility.

15. The instrument of claim 13 wherein said proximal region and said distal region of said first member are rigid, said first member being relieved in said bend region to provide the relative flexibility.

16. The instrument of claim 14 or 15 wherein said first member is relieved with a plurality of discrete openings disposed in walls thereof.

17. The instrument of claim 16 wherein said openings comprise a series of axially spaced, circumferentially extending slots.

18. The instrument of claim 17 wherein said slots extend radially into said first member over approximately 75% of the diameter of said first member.

19. The instrument of claim 17 wherein adjacent ones of said slots extend into said first member from opposite directions.

20. The instrument of claim 13 wherein said second member is disposed within said first member and wherein said proximal end of said second member and a distal end of said second member are rigid, said portion of said second member that is disposed in said bend region being relieved to provide the relative flexibility.

21. The instrument of claim 20 wherein said portion of said second member is relieved with a series of axially spaced, circumferentially extending slots.

22. The instrument of claim 21 further comprising pliable material disposed in at least some of said slots.

23. The instrument of claim 22 wherein said force is applied by a motor that applies torque to said proximal end of said second member, said relieved portion of said second member being configured to transmit said torque through said bend region to said cutting implement.

24. The instrument of claim 23 wherein said means for providing said bend region includes a rigid member that is disposed coaxially with said first member and said second member and is curved in said bend region.

25. The instrument of claim 24 wherein said first member and said second member are each relieved with a plurality of openings in said bend region to provide said flexibility and said second member moves with respect to said first member to move said cutting implement, said rigid member radially separating said first member and said second member at least in said bend region to avoid interference therebetween as said second member moves.

26. The instrument of claim 25 wherein said second member is disposed within said rigid member and said rigid member is disposed within said first member.

27. The instrument of claim 26 wherein said rigid member has an open distal tip disposed proximally of said cutting implement and opening, said first member and said second member being configured to contact each other distally of said tip to maintain said cutting implement in tissue cutting relationship with edges of said opening.

28. The instrument of claim 27 wherein a portion of said distal region of said first member has a reduced inner diameter relative to other portions of said first member to provide said contact with said second member.

29. The instrument of claim 28 wherein said portion of said distal region of said first member abuts said tip of said rigid member, and said inner diameter is the same as an inner diameter of said rigid member.

30. The instrument of claim 29 wherein at least said first member is relieved with a plurality of openings in said bend region to provide said flexibility, and further comprising a pliable sheath disposed over said first member in said bend region that covers said openings.

31. A surgical instrument disposed generally along an axis, said surgical device comprising

a first member that extends distally from a base and has an opening in a distal region thereof for admitting tissue,

means for providing said first member with a bend region that angularly offsets said distal region from said axis in a selected direction,

a second member disposed within said first member, for transmitting force applied to a proximal end thereof to move a cutting implement disposed at a distal end thereof and cause it to cut tissue that is exposed to said implement through said opening, at least a portion of said second member that is disposed within said bend region being relatively flexible,

means for rotating said first member with respect to said base, said first member being relatively flexible at least in said bend region to transmit said rotation through said bend region to selectively change a rotational orientation of said opening with respect to said axis without changing said selected direction of said offset.

32. The instrument of claim 31 wherein said first member is relieved in said bend region with a plurality of discrete openings disposed in walls thereof to provide the relative flexibility.

33. The instrument of claim 31 wherein said portion of said second member is relieved with a plurality of discrete openings disposed in walls thereof to provide the relative flexibility.

34. The instrument of claim 33 wherein said force is applied by a motor that applies torque to proximal end of said second member, said portion of said second member being configured to transmit said torque through said bend region to said cutting implement.

35. The instrument of claim 34 wherein said means for providing said bend region includes a rigid member that is disposed coaxially with said first member and said second member and is curved in said bend region.

36. The instrument of claim 35 wherein said first member and said second member are each relieved with a plurality of openings in said bend region to provide said flexibility and said second member rotates with respect to said first member to move said cutting implement, said rigid member radially separating said first member and said second member at least in said bend region to avoid interference therebetween as said second member rotates.

37. The instrument of claim 36 wherein said second member is disposed within said rigid member and said rigid member is disposed within said first member.

38. The instrument of claim 37 wherein said means for rotating is configured to be manually actuated by a user of said instrument to change said rotational orientation of said opening.

39. The instrument of claim 38 wherein said means for rotating includes a knob that is rigidly secured to a proximal end of said first member and rotatably mounted to a stationary portion of said base.

40. The instrument of claim 39 wherein said knob is mounted to said stationary portion so that said knob can be selectively rotated to a plurality of discrete positions, thereby to allow said opening to be selectively positioned to a corresponding plurality of discrete rotational orientations.

41. A surgical instrument disposed generally along an axis, said surgical device comprising

an outer tube that extends distally from a base and has an opening in a distal region thereof for admitting tissue,

a stationary support tube that extends distally from a base and is disposed within said outer tube, said support tube including a bend region disposed between said base and said distal region to angularly offset said distal region from said axis in a selected direction,

an inner tube disposed within said support tube for transmitting force applied to a proximal end thereof to move a cutting implement disposed at a distal end thereof and cause it to cut tissue that is exposed to said implement through said opening, at least a portion of said inner tube that is disposed within said bend region being relatively flexible, and

means for rotating said outer tube with respect to said base about said stationary support tube, said outer tube being relatively flexible at least in said bend region to transmit said rotation through said bend region to selectively change a rotational orientation of said opening with respect to said axis without changing said selected direction of said offset.

42. The instrument of claim 41 wherein said outer tube and said inner tube are each relieved in said bend region to provide the relative flexibility.

43. The instrument of claim 42 wherein said outer tube and said inner tube are each relieved with a plurality of discrete openings disposed in walls thereof.

44. The instrument of claim 43 wherein said force is applied by a motor that applies torque to said proximal end of said inner tube, said portion of said second member being relieved to provide the relative flexibility and being configured to transmit said torque through said bend region to said cutting implement.

45. The instrument of claim 44 wherein said support tube has an open distal tip disposed proximally of said cutting implement and opening, said outer tube and said inner tube being configured contact each other distally of said tip to maintain said cutting implement in tissue cutting relationship with edges of said opening.

46. The instrument of claim 45 wherein a portion of said distal region of said outer tube has a reduced inner diameter relative to other portions of said outer tube to provide said contact with said inner tube.

47. The instrument of claim 46 wherein said portion of said distal region of said outer tube abuts said tip of said support tube, and said inner diameter is the same as an inner diameter of said support tube.

48. The instrument of claim 47 wherein said means for rotating is configured to be manually actuated by a user of said instrument to change said rotational orientation of said opening.

49. The instrument of claim 48 wherein said means for rotating includes a knob that is rigidly secured to a proximal end of said outer tube and rotatably mounted to a stationary portion of said base.

50. The instrument of claim 49 wherein said knob is mounted to said stationary portion so that said knob can be selectively rotated to a plurality of discrete positions, thereby to allow said opening to be selectively positioned to a corresponding plurality of discrete rotational orientations.

51. A surgical instrument comprising

a base having a first section and a second section rotatably coupled thereto,

a rigid member having a proximal region mounted to said first section of said base and a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region of said rigid member from said proximal region,

a surgical device extending distally from said second section of said base coaxially with said rigid member, said second section inducing a corresponding rotation of said surgical device with respect to said rigid member when said second section is rotated with respect to said first section,

said surgical device being coupled to a surgical tool disposed distally of said bend region at a selected rotational orientation with respect to said bend region, said surgical tool being configured to manipulate body tissue in an area adjacent to said surgical tool, an orientation of said area with respect to said bend region being determined by said rotational orientation of said surgical tool, said surgical device being configured to independently:

(1) transmit a force applied at a proximal end of said surgical device through said bend region to operate said surgical tool to manipulate body tissue in said area, and (2) transmit the rotation of said surgical device induced by said second section of said base through said bend region to change said selected rotational orientation of said surgical tool with respect to said bend region to change said orientation of said area with respect to said bend region.

52. The instrument of claim 51 wherein said relative rotational orientation between said surgical tool and said bend region can be changed over a range of at least 360°

.

53. The instrument of claim 52 wherein said relative rotational orientation between said surgical tool and said bend region can be changed manually by a user of said instrument.

54. The instrument of claim 53 wherein said first section of said base can be selectively rotated to a plurality of discrete positions with respect to said second section of said base, thereby to allow said relative rotational orientation between said surgical tool and said bend region to be selectively changed to a corresponding plurality of discrete relative rotational orientations.

55. The instrument of claim 54 wherein said second section further includes a plurality of flexible cantilevered fingers each of which corresponds to one of said discrete positions, said first section further including a plurality of mating regions, each of said mating regions engaging one of said fingers to maintain said discrete relative rotational orientation between said surgical tool and said bend region.

56. The instrument of claim 51 wherein said surgical device is relatively flexible at least in said bend region.

57. A surgical instrument comprising

a base having a first section and a second section rotatably coupled thereto,

a rigid member having a proximal region mounted to said first section of said base and a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region of said rigid member from said proximal region,

a surgical device extending distally from said second section of said base coaxially with said rigid member, said surgical device comprising a first member coaxially disposed within a second member, said second member being mounted to said second section of said base so that said second section induces a corresponding rotation of said second member with respect to said rigid member when said second section is rotated with respect to said first section,

said first and said second members of said surgical device being coupled to a surgical tool disposed distally of said bend region at a selected rotational orientation with respect to said bend region, said first member being relatively flexible at least in said bend region to transmit a force applied at a proximal end of said first member through said bend region to operate said surgical tool to manipulate body tissue adjacent thereto, said first member being movable with respect to said second member in response to said force, and said second member being relatively flexible at least in said bend region to transmit the rotation of said second member induced by said second portion of said base through said bend region to change said selected rotational orientation of said surgical tool with respect to said bend region.

58. The instrument of claim 57 wherein said second member is coaxially disposed within said rigid member.

59. The instrument of claim 58 wherein said rigid member is coaxially disposed within said second member and said first member is coaxially disposed within said rigid member.

60. The instrument of claim 57 wherein said second member and said first member are both relieved to render them relatively flexible.

61. The instrument of claim 60 wherein said second member and said first member are both relieved with a series of axially spaced, circumferentially extending slots.

62. The instrument of claim 61 further including a first pliable sheath disposed to cover said slots of said first member, and a second pliable sheath disposed to cover said slots of said second member.

63. The instrument of claim 62 wherein said first member is hollow and is adapted to receive suction at its proximal end and to transport body material cut by said surgical tool away from a surgical site while the instrument remains in situ for further cutting.

64. The instrument of claim 63 wherein said surgical tool comprises a first opening in a distal region of said first member and a second opening in a distal region of said second member, an edge of said first opening being arranged to move toward and closely past an edge of said second opening in response to said force to cut tissue entering through said first and said second openings.

65. The instrument of claim 64 wherein said force is a torque applied by a motor coupled to a proximal end of said first member, said relatively flexible first member being configured to transmit said torque through said bend region to move said edge of said first opening with respect to said second opening.

66. A surgical instrument comprising

an outer rigid tube having a proximal region mounted to a first section of a base and a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region of said outer tube from said proximal region,

an intermediate tube having a proximal end mounted to a second section of said base, said second section of said base being rotatably mounted with respect to said first section of said base and said intermediate tube being disposed coaxially within said outer tube and carrying a first portion of a surgical tool distal of said bend region, said intermediate tube having a relatively flexible region at least in said bend region to transmit force applied at said second section of said base through said bend region to change a relative rotational orientation between said first portion of said surgical tool and said bend region,

an inner tube disposed coaxially within said intermediate tube, said inner tube carrying a second portion of said surgical tool distal of said bend region and having a relatively flexible region at least in said bend region to transmit force applied at a proximal end of said inner tube through said bend region to move said second portion of said surgical tool with respect to said first portion of said surgical tool.

67. The instrument of claim 66 wherein said inner tube and said intermediate tube are both relieved in said relatively flexible region.

68. The instrument of claim 67 wherein said inner tube and said intermediate tube are both relieved with a series of axially spaced, circumferentially extending slots.

69. The instrument of claim 68 further including a first pliable sheath disposed to cover said slots of said inner tube, and a second pliable sheath disposed to cover said slots of said intermediate tube.

70. The instrument of claim 69 wherein said first portion of said surgical tool comprises a first opening in a distal region of said intermediate tube and said second portion of said surgical tool comprises a second opening in a distal region of said inner tube, an edge of said second opening being arranged to move toward and closely past an edge of said first opening to cut tissue entering through said first and second openings in response to force applied at said proximal end of said inner tube.

71. The instrument of claim 70 wherein said inner tube is hollow and is adapted to receive suction at its proximal end and to transport body material cut by said surgical tool away from a surgical site while the instrument remains in situ for further cutting.

72. The instrument of claim 71 wherein said first section of said base can be selectively rotated to a plurality of discrete positions with respect to said second section of said base, thereby to allow said relative rotational orientation between said first portion of said surgical tool and said bend region to be selectively changed to a corresponding plurality of discrete relative rotational orientations.

73. The instrument of claim 72 wherein said second section further includes a plurality of flexible cantilevered fingers each of which corresponds to one of said discrete positions, said first section further including a plurality of mating regions, each of said mating regions engaging one of said fingers to maintain said discrete relative rotational orientation between said first portion of said surgical tool and said bend region.

74. A method of surgery for a joint space comprising

introducing into said joint from outside said joint via a puncture wound in the flesh:

a first conduit for introducing fluid from a fluid source,

a visualization instrument, and

a surgical instrument comprising

a base having a first section and a second section rotatably coupled thereto,

a rigid member having a proximal region mounted to said first section of said base and a bend region that angularly offsets a distal region of said rigid member from said proximal region,

a surgical device extending distally from said second section of said base coaxially with said rigid member, said second section inducing a corresponding rotation of said surgical device with respect to said rigid member when said second section is rotated with respect to said first section,

said surgical device being coupled to a surgical tool disposed distally of said bend region at a selected rotational orientation with respect to said bend region, said surgical tool being configured to manipulate body tissue in an area adjacent to said surgical tool, an orientation of said area with respect to said bend region being determined by said rotational orientation of said surgical tool, said surgical device being configured to independently;

(1) transmit a force applied at a proximal end of said surgical device through said bend region to operate said surgical tool to manipulate body tissue in said area, and (2) transmit the rotation of said surgical device induced by said second portion of said base through said bend region to change said selected rotational orientation of said surgical tool with respect to said bend region to change said orientation of said area with respect to said bend region;

introducing fluid through said first conduit into said joint to distend said joint and to provide a clear field for viewing through said visualization instrument,

positioning said visualization instrument to enable observation of a first area of said joint to be surgically treated,

on the basis of said visual observation, positioning said surgical instrument adjacent to said first area of said joint and applying said force at said proximal end of said surgical device to operate said surgical tool to manipulate body tissue in said first area of said joint,

rotating said second section of said base with respect to said first section to change said selected rotational orientation of said surgical tool with respect to said bend region, and

positioning said surgical instrument adjacent to a second area of said joint and applying said force to operate said surgical tool to manipulate body tissue in said second area, said second area having a different rotational orientation with respect to said bend region than said first area.