Solid, solvent-containing electrolytes and electrolytic cells produced therefrom

• US 5,620,810 A
• Filed: 07/22/1992
• Issued: 04/15/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Original Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Inventors: Moulton, Russel D., Shackle, Dale R., Golovin, Milton N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Maples, John S.
• Application Number:
  US07/918,509
• Time in Patent Office: 1,728 Days
• Field of Search: 429/192, 429/197
• US Class Current: 429/317
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/122 Ionic conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0566 Liquid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/164 by the solvent
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/166 by the solute
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

This invention is directed to solid electrolytes containing a solvent and, in particular, a solvent comprising a mixture of an organic carbonate and triglyme as well as electrolytic cells prepared from such solid electrolytes.

Claims

1. An electrolytic cell which comprises:

an anode;

a cathode; and

interposed therebetween a solid, solvent-containing electrolyte which comprises;

a solid polymeric matrix;

an inorganic ion salt; and

a solvent comprising about a 10;

1 to 1;

10 mixture of an aliphatic carbonate and a triglyme represented by the Formula I;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">RO(R.sub.1 O).sub.3 R.sub.2 I

where R and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, alkphenyl of from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chloro and bromo, and R₁ is --(CR₃ R₄ CR₅ R₆)-- where R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ are independently selected from the group of hydrogen and alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms

and further wherein the aliphatic carbonate is and further wherein the aliphatic carbonate is selected from the group consisting of

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)].sub.n OR.sub.14

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)OR.sub.15 ].sub.p OC(O))R.sub.14

where each R₁₃ and R₁₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

R₁₅ is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;

n is an integer of from 1 to 2, and p is an integer from 1 to 4

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)].sub.n OR.sub.14

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)OR.sub.15 ].sub.p OC(O)OR.sub.14

where each R₁₃ and R₁₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

R₁₅ is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;

n is an integer of from 1 to 2, and p is an integer from 1 to 4.

2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 wherein the ratio of aliphatic carbonate to the triglyme of Formula I is from about 6:

1 to 1;

6.

3. The electrolytic cell of claim 2 wherein the ratio of aliphatic carbonate to the triglyme of Formula I is about 1:

4 to about 4;

1.

4. The electrolytic cell of claim 3 wherein the ratio of aliphatic carbonate to the triglyme of Formula I is about 1:

1.

5. A method for enhancing the cumulative capacity of an electrolytic cell, which comprises an anode, a cathode;

and interposed therebetween a solid, solvent-containing electrolyte which method comprises;

(a) selecting a solid, single-phase, solvent-containing electrolyte which comprises;

a solid polymeric matrix;

an inorganic ion salt; and

a solvent comprising about a 10;

1 to 1;

10 mixture of an organic carbonate and a triglyme represented by Formula I;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">RO(R.sub.1 O).sub.3 R.sub.2 I

where R and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, alkphenyl of from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chloro and bromo; and

R₁ is --(CR₃ R₄ CR₅ R₆)-- where R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and further wherein the aliphatic carbonate is selected from the group consisting of

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)].sub.n OR.sub.14

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R.sub.13 [OC(O)OR.sub.15 ].sub.p OC(O))R.sub.14

where each R₁₃ and R₁₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

R₁₅ is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;

n is an integer of from 1 to 2, and p is an integer from 1 to 4.