Apparatus and method for locating a medical tube in the body of a patient

• US 5,622,169 A
• Filed: 09/14/1994
• Issued: 04/22/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/14/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Washington University In St Louis
• Original Assignee: University of Washington
• Inventors: Golden, Robert N., Silverstein, Fred E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sykes, Angela D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GILBERT, SAMUEL G
• Application Number:
  US08/307,230
• Time in Patent Office: 951 Days
• Field of Search: 600/12, 128/630, 128/631, 128/653.1, 128/207.14, 128/653.4, 128/207.15, 128/654, 128/772, 128/899, 128/200.28, 324/207.17, 324/207.28, 324/329, 324/231, 340/572, 340/537
• US Class Current: 600/424
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/0127 Magnetic means; Magnetic markers
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/081 the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures characterised by the method of magnetic field measurement G01R33/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/15 specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat

Abstract

There is disclosed an apparatus and method for locating a medical tube within the body of a patient. The medical tube is located by a detection apparatus which senses the static magnetic field strength gradient generated by a magnet associated with the medical tube and indicates the value of the gradient to the user. The detection apparatus is moved about the body of the patient until the greatest gradient magnitude is indicated. The detection apparatus distinguishes the field strength of the magnet associated with the medical tube from the earth'"'"'s field strength by sensing the magnet'"'"'s field strength at two different distances from the magnet.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting the location of a magnet associated with a medical tube within the body of a patient, comprising:

means for sensing a first static magnetic field strength at a first distance from the magnet and providing a first sensor signal which is a function of the first static magnetic field strength;

means for sensing a second static magnetic field strength at a second distance from the magnet and providing a second sensor signal which is a function of the second static magnetic field strength, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance;

means for receiving the first sensor signal and providing a first detection signal which is a function of the first sensor signal, wherein the means for receiving the first sensor signal and providing the first detection signal comprises a first amplifier for receiving the first sensor signal and providing a first amplified signal which is proportional to the first sensor signal, and a first integrator for receiving the first amplified signal and providing the first detection signal;

means for receiving the second sensor signal and providing a second detection signal which is a function of the second sensor signal, wherein the means for receiving the second sensor signal and providing the second detection signal comprises a second amplifier for receiving the second sensor signal and providing a second amplified signal which is proportional to the second sensor signal, and a second integrator for receiving the second amplified signal and providing the second detection signal;

means for receiving the first and second detection signals and providing a differential signal which is a function of the difference between the first detection signal and the second detection signal; and

means for receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for sensing the first static magnetic field strength and providing the first sensor signal, and the means for sensing the second static magnetic field strength and providing the second sensor signal, comprise:

a static magnetic field strength sensor driver for providing a driver signal;

a first static magnetic field strength sensor for receiving the driver signal and thereby providing the first sensor signal; and

a second static magnetic field strength sensor for receiving the driver signal and thereby providing the second sensor signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the static magnetic field strength sensor driver comprises an oscillator and output transistors which are alternately switchable by the oscillator and thereby provide the driver signal, wherein the first static magnetic field strength sensor comprises a first flux-gate toroidal sensor which includes a first excitation winding for receiving the driver signal and a first detection winding for providing the first sensor signal, and wherein the second static magnetic field strength sensor comprises a second flux-gate toroidal sensor which includes a second excitation winding for receiving the driver signal and a second detection winding for providing the second sensor signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for receiving the first and second detection signals and providing the differential signal comprises a differential amplifier.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal comprises a magnitude circuit for receiving the differential signal and providing a magnitude signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the differential signal, a visual display driver for receiving the magnitude signal and providing a visual display signal, and a visual display for receiving and visually indicating the visual display signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the visual display driver comprises a light emitting diode bar array driver, and the visual display comprises a light emitting diode bar array.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the means for receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal further comprises a tone generator for receiving the magnitude signal and providing a tone signal which is a function of the magnitude signal, and a speaker for receiving and audibly indicating the tone signal.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the means for receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal further comprises a polarity circuit for receiving the differential signal and providing a polarity signal which is a function of the polarity of the differential signal, a polarity display driver for receiving the polarity signal and providing a polarity display signal, and a polarity display for receiving and visually indicating the polarity display signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a means for automatically controlling, monitoring and calibrating the means for sensing the first static magnetic field strength and providing the first sensor signal, the means for sensing the second static magnetic field strength and providing the second sensor signal, the means for receiving the first sensor signal and providing the first detection signal, the means for receiving the second sensor signal and providing the second detection signal, the means for receiving the first and second detection signals and providing the differential signal, and the means for receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the automatic controlling, monitoring, and calibrating means comprises a microprocessor.

11. A method of detecting the location of a magnet associated with a medical tube within the body of a patient, comprising:

sensing a first static magnetic field strength at a first distance from the magnet;

sensing a second static magnetic field strength at a second distance from the magnet which is greater than the first distance;

providing a first sensor signal which is a function of the first static magnetic field strength, wherein the first sensor signal is a vector;

providing a second sensor signal which is a function of the second static magnetic field strengths wherein the second sensor signal is a vector;

receiving the first and second sensor signals and providing a differential signal which is a function of the difference between the first static magnetic field strength and the second static magnetic field strengths Wherein the differential signal is a vector;

receiving and indicating a value for the differential signal; and

determining the location of the medical tube by varying the first and second distances until the greatest value for the differential signal is indicated.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein providing the first sensor signal comprises:

tuning an x-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed first field strength and providing an x component of the first sensor signal from the x-axis oscillator,

tuning a y-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed first field strength and providing a y component of the first sensor signal from the y-axis oscillator, and

tuning a z-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed first field strength and providing a z component of the first sensor signal from the z-axis oscillator; and

wherein providing the second sensor signal comprises;

tuning an x-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed second field strength and providing an x component of the second sensor signal from the x-axis oscillator,

tuning a y-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed second field strength and providing a y component of the second sensor signal from the y-axis oscillator, and

tuning a z-axis oscillator with inductance of an associated wound-core inductive sensor, wherein the inductance is a function of the sensed second field strength and providing a z component of the second sensor signal from the z-axis oscillator.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein receiving the first and second sensor signals and providing the differential signal comprises:

determining a frequency for each of an x, y, and z component of the first sensor signal;

determining a frequency for each of an x, y, and z component of the second sensor signal;

determining the differences between the first sensor signal x, y, and z component frequencies and the corresponding second sensor signal x, y, and z component frequencies; and

providing the differential signal equal to a magnitude and polarity of the differences.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising monitoring variations in the first and second static magnetic field strengths to verify the location of the medical tube.

15. A method of verifying the location of a magnet associated with a medical tube within the body of a patient, comprising:

sensing a first static magnetic field strength at a first distance from the magnet;

sensing a second static magnetic field strength at a second distance from the magnet which is greater than the first distance;

providing a first sensor signal which is a function of the first static magnetic field strength;

providing a second sensor signal which is a function of the second static magnetic field strength;

receiving the first and second sensor signals and providing a differential signal which is a function of the difference between the first static magnetic field strength and the second static magnetic field strength;

receiving and indicating the polarity of the differential signal;

manipulating the magnet until the indicated polarity of the differential signal changes; and

monitoring variations in the first and second static magnetic field strengths to further verify the location of the medical tube.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein manipulation of the magnet is accomplished by rotation thereof.

17. An apparatus for detecting the location of a magnet associated with a medical tube within the body of a patient, comprising:

a static magnetic field strength sensor driver for providing a driver signal wherein the driver signal is a vector;

a first static magnetic field strength sensor in communication with the static magnetic field strength sensor driver for receiving the driver signal and thereby providing a first sensor signal which is a function of a first static magnetic field strength at a first distance from the magnet, wherein the first sensor signal is a vector;

a second static magnetic field strength sensor in communication with the static magnetic field strength sensor driver for receiving the driver signal and thereby providing a second sensor signal which is a function of a second static magnetic field strength at a second distance from the magnet, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance, wherein the second sensor signal is a vector;

a first amplifier in communication with the first static magnetic field strength sensor for receiving the first sensor signal and providing a first amplified signal which is proportional to the first sensor signal, wherein the first amplified signal is a vector;

a first integrator in communication with the first amplifier for receiving the first amplified signal and providing a first detection signal which is a function of the first sensor signal, wherein the first detection signal is a vector;

a second amplifier in communication with the second static magnetic field strength sensor for receiving the second sensor signal and providing a second amplified signal which is proportional to the second sensor signal, wherein the second amplified signal is a vector;

a second integrator in communication with the second amplifier for receiving the second amplified signal and providing a second detection signal which is a function of the second sensor signal, wherein the second detection signal is a vector;

a differential amplifier in communication with the first and second integrators for receiving the first and second detection signals and providing a differential signal which is a function of the difference between the first detection signal and the second detection signal, wherein the differential signal is a vector;

a magnitude circuit in communication with the differential amplifier for receiving the differential signal and providing a magnitude signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the differential signal;

a visual display signal driver in communication with the magnitude circuit for receiving the magnitude signal and providing a visual display signal; and

a visual display in communication with the visual display signal driver for receiving and visually indicating the visual display signal.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the static magnetic field strength sensor driver comprises an oscillator and output transistors which are alternately switchable by the oscillator and thereby provide the driver signal, wherein the first static magnetic field strength sensor comprises a first flux-gate toroidal sensor which includes a first excitation winding for receiving the driver signal and a first detection winding for providing the first sensor signal, and wherein the second static magnetic field strength sensor comprises a second flux-gate toroidal sensor which includes a second excitation winding for receiving the driver signal and a second detection-winding for providing the second sensor signal.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the visual display driver comprises a light emitting diode bar array driver, and the visual display comprises a light emitting diode bar array.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a the generator for receiving the magnitude signal and providing a tone signal which is a function of the magnitude signal, and a speaker for receiving and audibly indicating the tone signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a polarity circuit for receiving the differential signal and providing a polarity signal which is a function of the polarity of the differential signal, a polarity display driver for receiving the polarity signal and providing a polarity display signal, and a polarity display for receiving and visually indicating the polarity display signal.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a microprocessor for automatically controlling, monitoring and calibrating the static magnetic field strength sensor driver, the first amplifier, the second amplifier, the differential amplifier, and the visual display driver.

23. An apparatus for detecting the location of a magnet associated with a medical tube within the body of a patient, comprising:

a first static magnetic field strength sensor for providing a first sensor signal which is a function of a first static magnetic field strength at a first distance from the magnet, wherein the first sensor signal is a vector;

a second static magnetic field strength sensor for providing a second sensor signal which is a function of a second static magnetic field strength at a second distance form the magnet, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance, wherein the second sensor signal is a vector;

a first detector in communication with the first sensor for receiving the first sensor signal and providing a first detection signal which is a function of the first sensor signal, wherein the first detection signal is a vector;

a second detector in communication with the second sensor for receiving the second sensor signal and providing a second detection signal which is a function of the second sensor signal, wherein the second detection signal is a vector;

a microprocessor in communication with the first and second detectors for receiving the first and second detection signals and providing a differential signal which is a function of the difference between the first detection signal and the second detection signal, wherein the differential signal is a vector;

a magnitude circuit in communication with the microprocessor for receiving the differential signal and providing a magnitude signal which is proportional to the magnitude of the differential signal; and

an indicator in communication with the magnitude circuit for receiving the magnitude signal and indicating its value.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first sensor comprises:

an x-axis oscillator which provides an x component of the first sensor signal, wherein the x-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the x component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the first static magnetic field strength,

a y-axis oscillator which provides a y component of the first sensor signal, wherein the y-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the y component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the first static magnetic field strength, and

a z-axis oscillator which provides a z component of the first sensor signal, wherein the z-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the z component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the first static magnetic field strength;

and wherein the second sensor comprises;

an x-axis oscillator which provides an x component of the second sensor signal, wherein the x-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the x component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the second static magnetic field strength,

a y-axis oscillator which provides a y component of the second sensor signal, wherein the y-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the y component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the second static magnetic field strength, and

a z-axis oscillator which provides a z component of the second sensor signal, wherein the z-axis oscillator comprises a wound-core inductive sensor having an inductance, wherein the z component is a function of the inductance of the sensor, wherein the inductance of the sensor is a function of the second static magnetic field strength.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first detector comprises:

an x-axis frequency counter which receives an x component of the first sensor signal and provides an x component of the first detection signal,

a y-axis frequency counter which receives a y component of the first sensor signal and provides a y component of the first detection signal, and

a z-axis frequency counter which receives a z component of the first sensor signal and provides a z component of the first detection signal;

and wherein the second detector comprises;

an x-axis frequency counter which receives an x component of the second sensor signal and provides an x component of the second detection signal,

a y-axis frequency counter which receives a y component of the second sensor signal and provides a y component of the second detection signal, and

a z-axis frequency counter which receives a z component of the second sensor signal and provides a z component of the second detection signal.