Battery charge/discharge control method for electric vehicle

• US 5,625,272 A
• Filed: 11/02/1995
• Issued: 04/29/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fuji Jukogyo KK (Subaru Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Fuji Jukogyo KK (Subaru Corp.)
• Inventors: Takahashi, Tsutomu
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Law, Patrick B.
• Application Number:
  US08/556,844
• Time in Patent Office: 544 Days
• Field of Search: 320/5, 320/6, 320/15, 320/17, 320/19, 320/35, 320/39
• US Class Current: 320/116
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/00 Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0016 using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A method of controlling charge or discharge of a battery for an electric vehicle comprises the steps of, dividing a battery into a plurality of blocks each composed of a plurality of cells for constituting the battery in all, detecting terminal voltages (V_n) of the divided blocks, respectively to obtain a difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between a maximum value and a minimum value from among the detected terminal voltages of the respective divided blocks, and controlling the charge or discharge of the battery on the basis of the obtained difference in voltage between the maximum and minimum values of the terminal voltages of the divided blocks. In practice, when the voltage difference (V_max -V_min) between the maximum value and the minimum value is equal to or higher than a specified value (V_Kc, V_Kd), the battery is stopped from being further charged or discharged; the charge or discharge current is limited; or the charge or discharge current is decreased stepwise at each control start period, to prevent the low-performance cells from being overcharged or over-discharged, that is, for prevention of the partial cells from being deteriorated due to a performance difference between the respective cells.

Claims

1. A method of controlling charge or discharge of a battery for an electric vehicle, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing the battery into a plurality of blocks each having a plurality of cells for constituting the battery in all;

detecting terminal voltages (V_n) of the divided blocks, respectively, to obtain a difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between a maximum value (V_max) and a minimum value (V_min) from among the detected terminal voltages of the respective divided blocks; and

controlling the charge or discharge of the battery (4) on the basis of the obtained difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_max, V_min) of the terminal voltages (V_n) of the divided blocks.

2. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 1, wherein said controlling step includes the steps of:

setting a specified charge or discharge value (V_Kc, V_Kd);

comparing the obtained difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_max, V_min) of the terminal voltages (V_n) with the set charge or discharge specified value (V_Kc, V_Kd); and

stopping the battery from being further charged or discharged, when the obtained difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_max, V_min) is equal to or larger than the set specified charge or discharge value (V_Kc, V_Kd).

3. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 1, wherein said controlling step includes the step of:

limiting charge or discharge current supplied to the battery, according to the difference (V_max -V_min) between the maximum and minimum voltages (V_max, V_min) of the respective blocks of the battery (4).

4. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 3, wherein said limiting step includes the step of:

determining a charge or discharge limit value (Δ

I_c,Δ

I_d) of the battery, with reference to a map representative of relationship between the charge or discharge current limit value (Δ

I_c,Δ

I_d) and the obtained difference (V_max -V_min) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_max, V_min); and

decreasing the charge or discharge current so that the current is equal to or smaller than the determined charge or discharge current limit value (Δ

I_c,Δ

I_d).

5. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

detecting temperatures (T_n) of the divided blocks; and

correcting the detected terminal voltages (V_n) of the divided blocks on the basis of temperature coefficients (K_T) determined according to detected temperatures of the divided blocks to obtain temperature corrected terminal voltages (V_Tn =V_n ·

K_T).

6. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 5, wherein said controlling step includes the steps of:

setting a specified charge or discharge value (V_KTc, V_KTd);

comparing the obtained difference (V_Tmax -V_Tmin) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_Tmax, V_Tmin) of the terminal voltages (V_Tn) with the set charge or discharge specified value (V_KTc, V_KTd); and

stopping the battery from being further charged or discharged, when the obtained difference (V_KTc, V_KTd) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_Tmax, V_Tmin) is equal to or larger than the set specified charge or discharge value (V_KTc, V_KTd).

7. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 5, wherein said controlling step includes the step of:

limiting charge or discharge current supplied to the battery, according to the difference (V_Tmax -V_Tmin) between the maximum and minimum voltages (V_Tmax, V_Tmin) of the respective blocks of the battery.

8. The method of controlling charge or discharge of the battery according to claim 7, wherein said limiting step includes the step of:

determining a charge or discharge limit value (Δ

I_c,Δ

I_d) of the battery, with reference to a map representative of relationship between the charge or discharge current limit value (Δ

I_c, Δ

I_d) and the obtained difference (V_Tmax -V_Tmin) in voltage between the maximum and minimum values (V_Tmax, V_Tmin); and

decreasing the charge or discharge current so that the current is equal to or smaller than the determined charge or discharge current limit value (Δ

I_c,Δ

I_d).