Determining a masking level for a subband in a subband audio encoder

• US 5,625,743 A
• Filed: 10/07/1994
• Issued: 04/29/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fiocca, James L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Knepper, David D.
• Application Number:
  US08/320,625
• Time in Patent Office: 935 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2, 395/2.12, 395/2.13, 395/2.14, 395/2.2, 395/2.21, 395/2.3-2.33, 395/2.35-2.39, 395/2.67, 381/29-40
• US Class Current: 704/205
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/0208 Subband vocoders
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 25/18 the extracted parameters being spectral information of each sub-band

Abstract

The first step for calculating a signal-to-mask ratio (806) for a subband in a subband in a subband audio encoder is calculating a signal level for each of the subbands based on an audio frame (604). Then, the masking level is calculated for the particular subband based on the signal levels, an offset function, and a weighting function (606).

Claims

1. A method for determining a masking level for a particular subband in a subband audio encoder, wherein the subband audio encoder divides an audio frame into a plurality of subbands, the method comprising the steps of:

A) receiving the audio frame and determining, by a signal level determiner, a signal level for each subband to produce a plurality of signal levels; and

B) calculating, by a masking level determiner, the masking level for the particular subband, based on the plurality of signal levels, an offset function, and a weighting function,

wherein the offset function for each subband is a function of a threshold in quiet for the subband and a bark value for the subband,

wherein the offset function is determined utilizing an equation of a form;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">of(sb)=0.5*LTq(sb)-0.225*z(sb)+C

where C is a constant, LTq(sb) is the threshold in quiet of subband sb, and z(sb) is the bark value of subband sb.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio frame is a pulse code modulated audio signal.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein step A) further comprises the steps of:

A) frequency transforming the audio frame using a filter bank to produce at least a first subband sample for each subband; and

B) determining the signal level for each subband based on at least the first subband sample for each subband.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein step B) utilizes an equation of a form:

##EQU10## where sb is a subband number, s is a subband sample number, S(sb,s) is the subband sample s of subband sb, and nsamp is a number of subband samples per subband.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein step A) further comprises the steps of:

A) frequency transforming the audio frame using a high resolution frequency transformer to produce at least a first frequency domain output for each subband;

B) defining the signal level for each subband as one of;

B1) the minimum;

B2) the maximum; and

B3) the average of at least the first frequency domain output for each subband.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the high resolution frequency transformer utilizes a Discrete Fourier Transform.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein step B) further comprises the steps of:

A) determining, from a look-up table, the weighting function for each subband, which satisfies a predetermined distance requirement, relative to the particular subband;

B) determining, from a look-up table, an antilog of the signal level for each subband;

C) multiplying the weighting function by the antilog of the signal level for each subband to produce a plurality of products;

D) accumulating the plurality of products to produce a final sum;

E) determining a logarithm of the final sum;

F) determining, from a look-up table, the offset function for the particular subband; and

G) adding the logarithm of the final sum to the offset function to produce the masking level.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the weighting function is a gain factor times a masking curve.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the masking curve is non-linear with one of:

A) a convex geometry; and

B) a concave geometry.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the masking curve is one of:

A) an exponential function;

B) a cube root function;

C) a square root function; and

D) a square function.

11. A device for determining a masking level for a particular subband in a subband audio encoder, wherein the subband audio encoder divides an audio frame into a plurality of subbands, the device comprising:

A) a signal level determiner for determining a signal level for each of the plurality of subbands, based on the audio frame, to produce a plurality of signal levels; and

B) a masking level determiner, operably coupled to the signal level determiner, for calculating the masking level for the particular subband, based on the plurality of signal levels, an offset function, and a weighting function,

wherein the offset function for each subband is a function of a threshold in quiet for the subband and a bark value for the subband,

and wherein the offset function is determined utilizing an equation of a form;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">of(sb)=0.5*LTq(sb)-0.225*z(sb)+C

where C is a constant, LTq(sb) is the threshold in quiet of subband sb, and z(sb) is the bark value of subband sb.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the audio frame is a pulse code modulated signal.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the signal level determiner further comprises:

A) a filter bank for frequency transforming the audio frame to produce at least a first subband sample for each subband; and

B) a subband sample signal level determiner, operably coupled to the filter bank, for determining the signal level for each of the plurality of subbands based on at least the first subband sample for each subband.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein the signal level determiner further comprises:

A) a high resolution frequency transformer, for frequency transforming the audio frame to produce at least a first frequency domain output for each subband;

B) a frequency domain signal level determiner, operably coupled to the frequency transformer, for defining the signal level for each subband as one of;

B1) the minimum;

B2) the maximum; and

B3) the average of at least the first frequency domain output for each of the plurality of subbands.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein in the high resolution frequency transformer utilizes a Discrete Fourier Transform.

16. The device of claim 11, wherein the device further comprises a memory unit for storing the offset function and the weighting function for each of the plurality subbands.

17. A system having a device for determining a masking level for a subband in a subband audio encoder, wherein the subband audio encoder divides an audio frame into a plurality of subbands, the system comprises:

A) a filter bank for receiving and transforming the audio frame to produce frequency transformed audio;

B) a psychoacoustic unit for receiving the audio frame to produce a signal-to-mask ratio, wherein the psychoacoustic unit further comprises;

B1) a signal level determiner for determining a signal level for each subband, based on the audio frame, to produce a plurality of signal levels;

B2) a masking level determiner, operably coupled to the signal level determiner, for calculating the masking level for the subband, based on the plurality of signal levels, an offset function, and a weighting function; and

B3) a signal-to-mask ratio calculator, for calculating a signal-to-mask ratio based on the masking level;

C) a bit allocation element, operably coupled to the psychoacoustic unit, for using the signal-to-mask ratio to generate bit allocation information;

D) a quantizer, operably coupled to the filter bank and the bit allocation element, for producing a compressed audio frame based on the frequency transformed audio and the bit allocation information;

E) a bit stream formatter, operably coupled to the quantizer, for using the compressed audio frame to generate a bit stream output,

wherein the offset function for each subband is a function of a threshold in quiet for the subband and a bark value for the subband,

and wherein the offset function is determined utilizing an equation of a form;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">of(sb)=0.5*LTq(sb)-0.225*z(sb)+C

where C is a constant, LTq(sb) is the threshold in quiet of subband sb, and z(sb) is the bark value of subband sb.

18. A system having a device for determining a masking level for a subband in a subband audio encoder, wherein the subband audio encoder divides an audio frame into a plurality of subbands, the system comprises:

A) a filter bank for receiving and transforming the audio frame to produce frequency transformed audio;

B) a simplified psychoacoustic unit, operably coupled to the filter bank, wherein the simplified psychoacoustic unit further comprises;

B1) a subband sample signal level determiner, operably coupled to the filter bank, for determining a signal level for each subband, based on the frequency transformed audio, to produce a plurality of signal levels;

B2) a masking level determiner, operably coupled to the signal level determiner, for calculating the masking level for the subband, based on the plurality of signal levels, an offset function, and a weighting function; and

B3) a signal-to-mask ratio calculator, for calculating a signal-to-mask ratio based on the masking level;

C) a bit allocation element, operably coupled to the psychoacoustic unit, for using the signal-to-mask ratio to generate bit allocation information;

D) a quantizer, operably coupled to the filter bank and the bit allocation element, for producing a compressed audio frame based on the frequency transformed audio and the bit allocation information;

E) a bit stream formatter, operably coupled to the quantizer, for using the compressed audio frame to generate a bit stream output,

wherein the offset function for each subband is a function of a threshold in quiet for the subband and a bark value for the subband,

and wherein the offset function is determined utilizing an equation of a form;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">of(sb)=0.5*LTq(sb)-0.225*z(sb)+C

where C is a constant, LTq(sb) is the threshold in quiet of subband sb, and z(sb) is the bark value of subband sb.