Transportable life support system

• US 5,626,151 A
• Filed: 03/07/1996
• Issued: 05/06/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Linden, Charles
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Getzow, Scott M.
• Application Number:
  US08/610,823
• Time in Patent Office: 425 Days
• Field of Search: 5/625, 128/897, 128/3, 128/906, 128/202.16
• US Class Current: 128/897
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 1/00 Stretchers
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 1/007 with skis or sled runners ski vehicles A63C5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 1/04 Parts, details or accessories, e.g. head-, foot-, or like rests specially adapted for stretchers
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 10/023 Rooms for the treatment of patients at over- or under-pressure or at a variable pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2203/46 for temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2210/30 for intensive care
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3553 remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3584 using modem, internet or bluetooth

Abstract

A transportable life support system is for use in a battlefield and mass ualty situations and includes a base, a stretcher and a canopy. The base incorporates medical equipment that includes a ventilator, an oxygen source, an environmental control unit, a suction unit, a plurality of physiologic sensors, a intravenous fluid pump, a drug infusion pump, and a defibrillator. The medical equipment is controlled by a computer contained within the base. A monitor displays the vitals signs of the wounded patient. A receiver/transmitter is included in the base for transmitting information to, and receiving information from, a remote health care provider. The system can be run from internal rechargeable batteries or external power. The canopy may be a hard shell or a soft shell. With the canopy in place, the transportable life support system serves as a miniature preoperative holding area or a post operative recovery room. Furthermore, with the canopy in place, the environmental control unit provides positive overpressure to protect against chemical/biological contamination. With the canopy off, the transportable life support system serves as a self-contained operative platform for use in military or natural disaster settings.

Claims

1. A transportable life support system comprising:

a) a base including;

i) a ventilator having a means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air, said means constructed so as to direct air down a patient'"'"'s trachea and lungs, said ventilator may or may not have a carbon dioxide scrubber constructed so as to remove carbon dioxide from expired air when rebreathing of carbon dioxide may be a hazard, a means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants, said ventilator constructed so as to ventilate said patient;

ii) an oxygen source connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source constructed so as to provide oxygen to said patient;

iii) an environmental control unit having a means for providing contaminant-free air to the unit, said unit constructed so as to control said patient'"'"'s temperature;

iv) a suction unit constructed so as to remove unwanted fluids from the patient;

v) a defibrillator constructed so as to provide cardioversion for correcting life threatening arrhythmias;

vi) a monitor comprising a touch screen constructed so as to display vital signs of the patient;

vii) a receiver/transmitter connected to said monitor, said receiver/transmitter constructed so as to transmit information to, and receive information from, a remote location;

viii) an on-board computer connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source, and said environmental control unit, said monitor and said receiver/transmitter so as to control care administered to the patient; and

ix) a power source constructed to operate said ventilator, said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said suction unit, said defibrillator, said on-board computer, said monitor and said receiver transmitter;

b) a stretcher removably attached to the base; and

c) a canopy connected to the base, said canopy and base constructed so as to form a fluid impermeable seal.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air is selected from a group consisting of a laryngeal mask airway and an endotracheal tube.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein said means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants in said ventilator and said means for providing contaminant-free air to the environmental control unit comprise at least one NBC type filter.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein said oxygen source is an oxygen generator.

5. The device of claim 4, where said environmental control unit further comprises a body temperature sensor.

6. The device of claim 5, where said body temperature sensor is selected from a group consisting of an axillary probe, a rectal probe, and a tympanic sensor.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein said power source further comprises at least one rechargeable battery and a connector constructed so as to receive external power and where said connector is connected to said at least one battery.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein said canopy comprises a hard shell.

9. The device of claim 8, where said environmental control unit comprises a heating/cooling pad.

10. The device of claim 9, where said heating/cooling pad further comprises a temperature sensor, said temperature sensor constructed so as to provide said on-board computer with a temperature reading of said heating/cooling pad.

11. The device of claim 10, where said heating/cooling pad further includes a thermally-controlled fluid constructed so as to circulate through said pad.

12. The device of claim 8, where said environmental control unit further comprises a temperature probe, said temperature probe constructed so as to measure the temperature of air circulating within said transportable life support system.

13. The device of claim 12, where said temperature probe is selected from a group consisting of a thermocouple and a thermistor.

14. A transportable life support system comprising:

a) a base including;

i) a ventilator having a means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air, said means constructed so as to direct air down a patient'"'"'s trachea and lungs, said ventilator may or may not have a carbon dioxide scrubber constructed so as to remove carbon dioxide from expired air when rebreathing of carbon dioxide may be a hazard, a means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants, said ventilator constructed so as to ventilate said patient;

ii) an oxygen source connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source constructed so as to provide oxygen to said patient;

iii) an environmental control unit having a means for providing contaminant-free air to the unit, said unit constructed so as to control said patient'"'"'s temperature;

iv) a suction unit constructed so as to remove unwanted fluids from the patient;

v) a defibrillator constructed so as to provide cardioversion for correcting life threatening arrhythmias;

vi) a monitor comprising a touch screen constructed so as to display any vital signs of the patient;

vii) a receiver/transmitter connected to said monitor, said receiver/transmitter constructed so as to transmit information to, and receive information from, a remote location;

viii) an on-board computer connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source, and said environmental control unit, said monitor and said receiver/transmitter so as to control care administered to the patient; and

ix) a power source constructed to operate said ventilator, said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said suction unit, said defibrillator, said on-board computer, said monitor and said receiver transmitter;

b) a stretcher removably attached to the base; and

c) a canopy connected to the base said canopy and base constructed so as to form a fluid impermeable seal.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein said means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air is selected from a group consisting of a laryngeal mask airway and an endotracheal tube.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein said means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants in said ventilator and said means for providing contaminant-free air to the environmental control unit comprise at least one NBC type filter.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein said oxygen source is an oxygen generator.

18. The device of claim 17, where said environmental control unit further comprises a body temperature sensor.

19. The device of claim 18, where said body temperature sensor is selected from a group consisting of an axillary probe, a rectal probe, and a tympanic sensor.

20. The device of claim 19, wherein said power source further comprises at least one rechargeable battery and a connector constructed so as to receive external power and where said connector is connected to said at least one battery.

21. The device of claim 20, wherein said canopy comprises a soft shell.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein said soft-shell canopy is opaque and constructed so as to comprise reflective and insulative properties.

23. The device of claim 22, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises a clear plastic window.

24. The device of claim 16, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises pleats.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises at least one fastening means.

26. The device of claim 25, where said environmental control unit comprises a heating/cooling pad.

27. The device of claim 26, where said heating/cooling pad further comprises a temperature sensor, said temperature sensor constructed so as to provide said on-board computer with a temperature reading of said heating/cooling pad.

28. The device of claim 27, where said heating/cooling pad further includes a thermally-controlled fluid constructed so as to circulate through said pad.

29. The device of claim 25, where said environmental control unit further comprises a temperature probe, said temperature probe constructed so as to measure the temperature of air circulating within said transportable life support system.

30. The device of claim 29, where said temperature probe is selected from a group consisting of a thermocouple and a thermistor.

31. A transportable life support system comprising:

a) a base including;

i) a ventilator having a means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air, said means constructed so as to direct air down a patient'"'"'s trachea and lungs, said ventilator may or may not have a carbon dioxide scrubber constructed so as to remove carbon dioxide from expired air when rebreathing of carbon dioxide may be a hazard, a means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants, said ventilator constructed so as to ventilate said patient;

ii) an oxygen source connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source constructed so as to provide oxygen to said patient;

iii) a environmental control unit having a means for providing contaminant-free air to the unit, said unit constructed so as to control said patient'"'"'s temperature;

iv) a suction unit constructed so as to remove unwanted fluids from the patient;

v) a defibrillator constructed so as to provide cardioversion for life threatening arrhythmias;

vi) a monitor comprising a touch screen constructed so as to display any vital signs of the patient;

vii) a receiver/transmitter connected to said monitor, said receiver/transmitter constructed so as to transmit information to, and receive information from, a remote location;

viii) a pulse-oximetry sensor constructed so as to measure the patient'"'"'s hemoglobin oxygen saturation level;

ix) an electrocardiogram sensor constructed so as to monitor the patient'"'"'s heart rate;

x) an oscillometric blood pressure sensor constructed so as to monitor the patient'"'"'s blood pressure;

xi) an inspired/expired oxygen sensor constructed so as to measure oxygen levels with the patient'"'"'s airway;

xii) a carbon dioxide sensor constructed so as to measure carbon dioxide levels within the patient'"'"'s airway and further constructed so as to validate proper placement or patency of an endotracheal tube positioned in the patient'"'"'s airway;

xiii) an airway pressure sensor constructed so as to measure airway pressure and provide feedback to the ventilator in order to prevent the deleterious effects of hyperinflation;

xiv) an iv infusion pump constructed to provide a resuscitation fluid to the patient;

xv) a drug infusion pump constructed to provide medications to the patient;

xvi) an on-board computer connected to said ventilator said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said monitor, said receiver/transmitter, said pulse-oximetry sensor, said electrocardiogram sensor, said oscillometric blood pressure sensor, said inspired/expired oxygen sensor, said carbon dioxide sensor, said airway pressure sensor, said iv infusion pump and said drug infusion pump so as to control care administered to the patient;

wherein said inspired/expired oxygen sensor and pulse oximetry sensor constructed so as to guide oxygen delivery to said patient; and

xvii) a power source constructed to operate said ventilator, said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said suction unit, said defibrillator, said on-board computer, said monitor, said receiver/transmitter, said pulse oximetry sensor, said electrocardiogram sensor, said oscillometric blood pressure sensor, said inspired/expired oxygen sensor, said carbon dioxide sensor, said airway pressure sensor, said iv infusion pump and said drug infusion pump;

b) a stretcher removably attached to the base; and

c) a canopy connected to the base said canopy and base constructed so as to form a fluid impermeable seal.

32. The device of claim 31, wherein said means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air is selected from a group consisting of a laryngeal mask airway and an endotracheal tube.

33. The device of claim 32, wherein said means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants in said ventilator and said means for providing contaminant-free air to the environmental control unit comprise at least one NBC type filter.

34. The device of claim 33, wherein said oxygen source is an oxygen generator.

35. The device of claim 34, where said environmental control unit further comprises a body temperature sensor.

36. The device of claim 35, where said body temperature sensor is selected from a group consisting of an axillary probe, a rectal probe, and a tympanic sensor.

37. The device of claim 36, wherein said power source further comprises at least one rechargeable battery and a connector constructed so as to receive external power and where said connector is connected to said at least one battery.

38. The device of claim 37, wherein said canopy comprises a hard shell.

39. The device of claim 38, where said environmental control unit comprises a heating/cooling pad.

40. The device of claim 39, where said heating/cooling pad further comprises a temperature sensor, said temperature sensor constructed so as to provide said on-board computer with a temperature reading of said heating/cooling pad.

41. The device of claim 40, where said heating/cooling pad further includes a thermally-controlled fluid constructed so as to circulate through said pad.

42. The device of claim 38, where said environmental control unit further comprises a temperature probe, said temperature probe constructed so as to measure the temperature of air circulating within said transportable life support system.

43. The device of claim 42, where said temperature probe is selected from a group consisting of a thermocouple and a thermistor.

44. A transportable life support system comprising:

a) a base including;

i) a ventilator having a means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air, said means constructed so as to direct air down a patient'"'"'s trachea and lungs, said ventilator may or may not have a carbon dioxide scrubber constructed so as to remove carbon dioxide from expired air when rebreathing of carbon dioxide may be a hazard, a means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants, said ventilator constructed so as to ventilate said patient;

ii) an oxygen source connected to said ventilator, said oxygen source constructed so as to provide oxygen to said patient;

iii) an environmental control unit having a means for providing contaminant-free air to the unit, said unit constructed so as to control said patient'"'"'s temperature;

iv) a suction unit constructed so as to remove unwanted fluids from the patient;

v) a defibrillator constructed so as to provide cardioversion to connect life threatening arrhythmias;

vi) a monitor comprising a touch screen constructed so as to display any vital signs of the patient;

vii) a receiver/transmitter connected to said monitor, said receiver/transmitter constructed so as to transmit information to, and receive information from, a remote location;

viii) a pulse-oximetry sensor constructed so as to measure the patient'"'"'s hemoglobin oxygen saturation level;

ix) an electrocardiogram sensor constructed so as to monitor the patient'"'"'s heart rate;

x) an oscillometric blood pressure sensor constructed so as to monitor the patient'"'"'s blood pressure;

xi) an inspired/expired oxygen sensor constructed so as to measure oxygen levels with the patient'"'"'s airway;

xii) a carbon dioxide sensor constructed so as to measure carbon dioxide levels within the patient'"'"'s airway and further constructed so as to validate proper placement or patency of an endotracheal tube positioned in the patient'"'"'s airway;

xiii) an airway pressure sensor constructed so as to measure airway pressure and provide feedback to the ventilator in order to prevent the deleterious effects of hyperinflation;

xiv) an iv infusion pump constructed to provide a resuscitation fluid to the patient; and

xv) a drug infusion pump constructed to provide medications to the patient;

xvi) an on-board computer connected to said ventilator said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said monitor, said receiver/transmitter, said pulse-oximetry sensor, said electrocardiogram sensor, said oscillometric blood pressure sensor, said inspired/expired oxygen sensor, said carbon dioxide sensor, said airway pressure sensor, said iv infusion pump and said drug infusion pump so as to control care administered to the patient;

wherein said inspired/expired oxygen sensor and pulse oximetry sensor constructed so as to guide oxygen delivery to said patient;

xvii) a power source constructed to operate said ventilator, said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said suction unit, said defibrillator, said on-board computer, said monitor, said receiver/transmitter, said pulse oximetry sensor, said electrocardiogram sensor, said oscillometric blood pressure sensor, said inspired/expired oxygen sensor, said carbon dioxide sensor, said airway pressure sensor, said iv infusion pump and said drug infusion pump;

b) a stretcher removably attached to the base; and

c) a canopy connected to the base said canopy and base constructed so as to form a fluid impermeable '"'"'seal.

45. The device of claim 44, wherein said means for supplying and maintaining delivery of air is selected from a group consisting of a laryngeal mask airway and an endotracheal tube.

46. The device of claim 45, wherein said means for filtering intake and exhaust air of contaminants in said ventilator and said means for providing contaminant-free air to the environmental control unit comprise at least one NBC type filter.

47. The device of claim 46, wherein said oxygen source is an oxygen generator.

48. The device of claim 47, where said environmental control unit further comprises a body temperature sensor.

49. The device of claim 48, where said body temperature sensor is selected from a group consisting of an axillary probe, a rectal probe, and a tympanic sensor.

50. The device of claim 49, wherein said power source further comprises at least one rechargeable battery and a connector constructed so as to receive external power and where said connector is connected to said at least one battery.

51. The device of claim 50, wherein said canopy comprises a soft shell.

52. The device of claim 51, wherein said soft-shell canopy is opaque and constructed so as to comprise reflective and insulative properties.

53. The device of claim 52, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises a clear plastic window.

54. The device of claim 53, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises pleats.

55. The device of claim 54, wherein said soft-shell canopy further comprises at least one fastening means.

56. The device of claim 55, where said environmental control unit comprises a heating/cooling pad.

57. The device of claim 56, where said heating/cooling pad further comprises a temperature sensor, said temperature sensor constructed so as to provide said on-board computer with a temperature reading of said heating/cooling pad.

58. The device of claim 57, where said heating/cooling pad further includes a thermally-controlled fluid constructed so as to circulate through said pad.

59. The device of claim 55, where said environmental control unit further comprises a temperature probe, said temperature probe constructed so as to measure the temperature of air circulating within said transportable life support system.

60. The device of claim 59, where said temperature probe is selected from a group consisting of a thermocouple and a thermistor.

61. A method of operating a transportable life support system comprising administering aid to a patient by the steps of:

(a) placing the patient on a stretcher of said transportable life support system;

(b) covering the patient with canopy having a fluid impermeable seal;

(c) displaying the patient'"'"'s vital signs on a monitor having a touch screen;

(d) respirating the patient using a ventilator;

(e) administering oxygen to the patient using the ventilator and an oxygen source;

(f) regulating the patient'"'"'s body temperature using a environmental control unit;

(g) removing unwanted fluids from the patient using a suction unit;

(h) providing cardioversion to correct life threatening arrhythmias;

(i) transmitting and receiving information remotely, using a receiver/transmitter;

(j) controlling said monitor, said ventilator, and said environmental control unit using an on-board computer; and

(k) operating said ventilator, said oxygen source, said environmental control unit, said suction unit, said defibrillator, said on-board computer, said monitor and said receiver transmitter using a power source.

62. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 61, and further comprising determining arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation using a pulse oximeter sensor.

63. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 62, and further comprising determining the need for oxygen delivery using the on-board computer.

64. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 63 and further comprising drawing external air into said system, combining air with oxygen obtained from said oxygen source, and delivering said air and oxygen to the patient'"'"'s airway, using said ventilator.

65. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 64, and further comprising conserving the quantity of oxygen and air required by providing air and oxygen to the patient'"'"'s airway only during inspiration.

66. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 65, and further comprising overriding said on-board computer, and manually activating said system using said monitor having said touch screen.

67. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 66, and further comprising placing the patient on a heating/cooling pad and controlling the patient'"'"'s body temperature by thermally controlling said heating/cooling pad.

68. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 67, monitoring the pad temperature using a temperature sensor.

69. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 68 and further comprising comparing the patient'"'"'s body temperature with a set point temperature using the on-board computer, and gradually regulating temperature of the heating/cooling pad, while continuously monitoring the effect on the patient'"'"'s body temperature.

70. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 66 and further comprising controlling the patient'"'"'s body temperature by regulating air circulating the patient using an air temperature probe.

71. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 70, and further comprising determining efficiency of the air circulating around the patient, providing the on-board computer with a temperature reading of said system, comparing said temperature of said system with a set point temperature and gradually regulating said temperature of system, while continuously monitoring the effect on the patient'"'"'s body temperature.

72. A method of operating a transportable life support system comprising administering aid to a patient by the steps of:

(a) placing the patient on a stretcher of said transportable life support system;

(b) covering the patient with canopy having a fluid impermeable seal;

(c) displaying the patient'"'"'s vital signs on a monitor having a touch screen;

(d) respirating the patient using a ventilator;

(e) administering oxygen to the patient using the ventilator and an oxygen source;

(f) regulating the patient'"'"'s body temperature using a environmental control unit;

(g) removing unwanted fluids from the patient using a suction unit;

(h) providing cardioversion to correct life threatening arrhythmias;

(i) continuously measuring arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation level using a pulse oximetry sensor;

j) continuously monitoring the patient'"'"'s heart rate using a electrocardiogram sensor;

k) periodically measuring the patient'"'"'s blood pressure, using an oscillometric blood pressure;

l) calculating a person'"'"'s blood pressure based upon time difference between R-wave of monitored electrocardiogram and peak of peripheral arterial wave form detected from the pulse oximetry sensor;

m) comparing the result from step viii) with the result from step vii)

n) adjusting the patient'"'"'s calculated blood pressure from step xv) to conform to the patient'"'"'s measured blood pressure from step xvi);

o) continuously monitoring the patient'"'"'s airway oxygen level;

p) continuously monitoring the patient'"'"'s carbon dioxide level;

q) continuously monitoring airway pressure in the patient'"'"'s airway; and

r) closed loop administration of resuscitation fluids to the patient based on continuous blood pressure measurements obtained in step xiv); and

s) closed loop administration of drug therapy to the patient based on continuous blood pressure measurements obtained in step xiv).

73. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 72, and further comprising determining the need for oxygen delivery.

74. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 73 and further comprising drawing external air into said system, combining air with oxygen obtained from said oxygen source, and delivering said air and oxygen to the patient'"'"'s airway, using said ventilator.

75. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 74, and further comprising conserving the quantity of oxygen and air required by providing air and oxygen to the patient'"'"'s airway only during inspiration.

76. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 75, and further comprising placing the patient on a heating/cooling pad and controlling the patient'"'"'s body temperature by thermally controlling said heating/cooling pad.

77. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 76, monitoring the heating/cooling pad temperature using a temperature sensor.

78. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 77, and further comprising comparing the patient'"'"'s body temperature with a set point temperature and gradually regulating temperature of the heating/cooling pad, while continuously monitoring the effect on the patient'"'"'s body temperature.

79. The method as recited in claim 78 and further comprising controlling the method by an on-board computer.

80. The method as recited in claim 78 and further comprising manually controlling the method by an attending medic or physician.

81. The method as recited in claim 80, and further comprising manually controlling iv infusion rate, drug infusion rate and settings on said ventilator using said monitor touchscreen.

82. The method as recited in claim 78, and further comprising remotely controlling the method by a remote medic or physician.

83. The method as recited in claim 78, and further comprising manually controlling the IV infusion rate, drug infusion rate and settings on said ventilator using a remote keyboard.

84. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 75 and further comprising controlling the patient'"'"'s body temperature by regulating air circulating the patient using an air temperature probe.

85. The method of operating the transportable life support system as recited in claim 84, and further comprising determining the temperature of the air circulating around the patient, comparing said temperature of said system with a set point temperature, and gradually regulating the environmental control system, while continuously monitoring the effect on the patient'"'"'s body temperature.

86. The method as recited in claim 85 and further comprising controlling the method by an on-board computer.

87. The method as recited in claim 85 and further comprising manually controlling the method by an attending medic or physician.

88. The method as recited in claim 85 and further comprising manually controlling iv infusion rate, drug infusion rate and settings on said ventilator using said monitor touchscreen.

89. The method as recited in claim 85, and further comprising remotely controlling the method by a remote medic or physician.