Optically isolated shock circuit for implantable defibrillator
First Claim
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1. A shock delivery circuit, comprising:
- a battery having stored energy;
a control circuit having an electrical output signal to time a shock;
a shock charging circuit coupled to the battery and operable to convert battery energy to shock energy, the shock charging current having an output;
a first capacitor coupled to the shock charging circuit output to store shock energy;
a controllable electronic switch having an open state and a closed state, selectively connecting said first capacitor to a load;
an optical transmitter receiving said electrical output signal from said control circuit and emitting an optical signal corresponding to said electrical output signal;
an optical receiver receiving said optical signal and generating therefrom an electrical control signal corresponding to said optical signal to control said electronic switch state; and
an electrically isolated optical path conveying said optical signal from said optical transmitter to said optical receiver.
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Abstract
A defibrillator output circuit utilizes an optically coupled signal for controlling an isolated electronic switch. Variants of the output circuit include coupling via phototransistors or photodiodes for the control of at least one electronic switch. An H-bridge circuit configuration with four switches is connected to a single energy storage capacitor for generating multiphasic shocks across a load. The polarity of the shocks is selectable. Optical coupling methods are employed for driving the high side switches in the H-bridge.
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Citations
58 Claims
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1. A shock delivery circuit, comprising:
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a battery having stored energy; a control circuit having an electrical output signal to time a shock; a shock charging circuit coupled to the battery and operable to convert battery energy to shock energy, the shock charging current having an output; a first capacitor coupled to the shock charging circuit output to store shock energy; a controllable electronic switch having an open state and a closed state, selectively connecting said first capacitor to a load; an optical transmitter receiving said electrical output signal from said control circuit and emitting an optical signal corresponding to said electrical output signal; an optical receiver receiving said optical signal and generating therefrom an electrical control signal corresponding to said optical signal to control said electronic switch state; and an electrically isolated optical path conveying said optical signal from said optical transmitter to said optical receiver. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of delivering cardiac defibrillating shock phases comprising:
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a) charging a capacitor to store shock energy; b) generating a first electrical control signal corresponding to a timed discharge of the capacitor to deliver a shock phase; c) converting the first electrical control signal into a first optical signal corresponding to the start of the shock phase and a second optical signal corresponding to the end of the shock phase; d) passing the first and second optical signals over separate respective first and second electrically isolated optical paths; e) converting the first and second optical signals into first and second switch control signals respectively; f) applying the first and second switch control signals to a control terminal of an electronic switch having an open state, a closed state, said control terminal controlling the electronic switch state in response to said first and second switch control signals, and applying a first signal to the control terminal to close the electronic switch in response to the first switch control signal, and applying a second signal to discharge the control terminal and open the electronic switch in response to the second switch control signal; and g) placing the electronic switch in the closed condition for said timed discharge according to said second electrical control signal to deliver said shock phase. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A shock delivery circuit, comprising:
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a battery having stored energy; a control circuit having an electrical output signal to time a shock; a shock charging circuit coupled to the battery and operable to convert battery energy to shock energy, the shock charging current having an output; a first capacitor coupled to the shock charging circuit output to store shock energy; a controllable electronic switch having an open state and a closed state, selectively connecting said first capacitor to a load; an optical isolation circuit optically coupling the control circuit electrical output signal to the electronic switch to control said electronic switch to deliver shock energy to the load when the electronic switch is closed; a ground and a supply voltage at ground, where the first capacitor has a high side and a low side and said electronic switch further comprises an H-bridge switch having two high side switches respectively connected to two shock electrodes and to two low side switches, the high side switches being coupled to said first capacitor high side and the low side switches being coupled to said first capacitor low side and said supply voltage, and wherein the optical isolation circuit further comprises means for selectively operating one of said two high side switches and one of said two low side switches in response to said control circuit electrical output signal to connect said first capacitor with a selected polarity to said load across said shock electrodes, wherein the high side switches are electrically isolated from said control circuit electrical output signal, wherein said control circuit electrical output signal further comprises a first signal corresponding to operating selectively one of said two high side switches and a second signal corresponding to operating one of said two low side switches, and wherein said optical isolation circuit further comprises; two isolated high side drivers respectively connected to operate the two high side switches, each isolated high side driver having an input for a said first signal and electrically isolating said high side switch from said first signal; and two low side drivers connected to operate selectively the two low side switches in response to a said second signal from said control circuit. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A shock delivery circuit, comprising:
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a battery having stored energy; a control circuit having an electrical output signal to time a shock; a shock charging circuit coupled to the battery and operable to convert battery energy to shock energy, the shock charging current having an output; a first capacitor coupled to the shock charging circuit output to store shock energy; a controllable electronic switch having an open state and a closed state, selectively connecting said first capacitor to a load; an optical isolation circuit optically coupling the control circuit electrical output signal to the electronic switch to control said electronic switch to deliver shock energy to the load when the electronic switch is closed; a ground and a supply voltage that is more negative than ground, wherein the first capacitor has a high side and a low side and said electronic switch further comprises an H-bridge switch having two high side switches respectively connected to two shock electrodes and to two low side switches, the high side switches being coupled to said first capacitor high side and the low side switches being coupled to said first capacitor low side and said supply voltage, and wherein the optical isolation circuit further comprises means for selectively operating one each of said two high side switches and said two low side switches in response to said control circuit electrical output signal to connect said first capacitor with a selected polarity to said load across said shock electrodes, wherein the high side switches are electrically isolated from said control circuit electrical output signal. - View Dependent Claims (45)
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46. A shock delivery circuit, comprising:
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a battery having stored energy; a control circuit having an electrical output signal to time a shock; a shock charging circuit coupled to the battery and operable to convert battery energy to shock energy, the shock charging current having an output; a first capacitor coupled to the shock charging circuit output to store shock energy; a controllable electronic switch having an open state and a closed state, selectively connecting said first capacitor to a load; an optical isolation circuit optically coupling the control circuit electrical output signal to the electronic switch to control said electronic switch to deliver shock energy to the load when the electronic switch is closed; a ground and a supply voltage that is more negative than ground, wherein the first capacitor has a high side and a low side and said electronic switch further comprises an H-bridge switch having two high side switches respectively connected to two shock electrodes and to two low side switches, the high side switches being coupled to said first capacitor high side and the low side switches being coupled to said first capacitor low side and said supply voltage, wherein said control circuit electrical output signal further comprises a first signal corresponding to operating selectively one of said two high side switches and a second signal corresponding to operating one of said two low side and wherein said optical isolation circuit further comprises; two isolated high side drivers respectively connected to operate selectively the two high side switches, each isolated high side driver having an input for a said first signal and electrically isolating said high side switch from said first signal; and two low side drivers connected to operate selectively the two low side electronic switch in response a said second signal from said control circuit. - View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50)
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51. A method of delivering cardiac defibrillating shock phases comprising:
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a) charging a capacitor to store shock energy; b) generating first electrical control signal corresponding to a timed discharge of the capacitor to deliver a shock phase; c) converting the first electrical control signal into an optical signal; d) passing the optical signal over an electrically isolated optical path; e) converting the passed optical signal to a second electrical control signal; f) applying the second electrical control signal to a control terminal of an electronic switch having an open state, a closed state, said control terminal controlling the electronic switch state in response to said second electrical control signal; and g) placing the electronic switch in the closed condition for said timed discharge according to said second electrical control signal to deliver said shock phase; wherein step f) comprises in part; providing an H-bridge switch having two shock electrodes interposed between two high side switches and two low side switches, each switch having an open state, a closed state, and a control terminal to open and close the switch in response to a control signal; and connecting the two high side switches to a high side of the capacitor and connecting the low side switches to the low side of the capacitor; and wherein steps b)-f) further comprise i) generating a first control signal for operating one of said high side switches and a second control signal for operating one of the low side switches, ii) converting said first control signal to an optical signal, passing said optical signal over said electrically isolated optical path and converting said optical signal to said second electrical control signal, applying said second electrical control signal to said one high side switch and closing said switch, and iii) closing the corresponding one low side switch in response to the second control signal. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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Specification