Frequency compensation for a low drop-out regulator

• US 5,631,598 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 05/20/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Brooks, Todd, Brokaw, A. Paul, Miranda, Evaldo M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Callahan, Timothy P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TON, MY TRANG
• Application Number:
  US08/488,403
• Time in Patent Office: 713 Days
• Field of Search: 327/538, 327/540, 327/541, 327/543, 327/546, 327/560, 327/561, 327/562, 327/563, 327/575, 327/483, 327/179, 327/232, 327/67, 327/72, 327/73, 330/254, 330/260, 330/271, 330/277, 330/278
• US Class Current: 327/540
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/565 sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor G05F1/563 takes precedence

Abstract

A low drop-out voltage regulator is compensated by providing a compensation capacitor across an output terminal of the regulator and an output lead of an input stage which compares a reference voltage and a voltage derived from a regulated output signal at the output terminal. The output from the input stage is inverted without gain before being provided to an output stage. This inversion allows Miller compensation with the compensation capacitor.

Claims

1. A regulator for providing a regulated output signal at an output terminal, the regulator comprising:

an input stage for receiving an input voltage signal and a reference voltage signal and providing an input stage output signal, the input stage output signal being based on a difference between the input voltage signal and the reference voltage signal, the input voltage signal being derived from the regulated output signal at the output terminal;

an inverting stage coupled to the input stage for inverting the input stage output signal and providing an inverter output signal;

an output stage, responsive to the inverter output signal, for providing the regulated output signal; and

a capacitor coupled between the input stage output and the regulated output signal.

2. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the inverting stage has unity gain.

3. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the input stage includes a differential transistor pair and a buffer.

4. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the output stage includes an N-type transistor for receiving the inverter output signal at a control terminal, and a P-type transistor having a control terminal coupled to one side of the N-type transistor, and another terminal for providing the regulated output signal.

5. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the regulator includes a voltage divider between the regulated output signal and the input stage, the input signal being derived from the regulated output signal through the voltage divider.

6. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the inverting stage includes a transistor with a control input, a first resistor connected between the control input and the input stage output, and a second resistor connected between the control input and an input to the output stage.

7. The regulator of claim 6, wherein the first and second resistors having equal resistance.

8. The regulator of claim 1, wherein the inverting stage includes a load sensitive current source and a buffer for buffering the inverter output signal, the load sensitive current source connected to the buffer.

9. The regulator of claim 8, wherein the inverting stage includes a first transistor that inverts the input stage output signal, and the load sensitive current source includes a second transistor, wherein the control of the first and second transistors is coupled together to receive the input stage output signal through a first resistor.

10. The regulator of claim 9, wherein the buffer includes a Darlington follower transistor pair having a control coupled to the first transistor and an output coupled to the second transistor.

11. The regulator of claim 9, further including a second resistor coupled between the control of the first and second transistors and the output of the buffer.

12. A low drop-out voltage regulator for providing a regulated output signal at an output, the regulator comprising;

means for deriving an input signal from the regulated output voltage;

means for comparing the input voltage and a reference voltage and for providing an error signal based on a difference between the input voltage and the reference voltage at an input stage output;

means for inverting the error signal;

means for receiving the inverted signal and providing the regulated output signal; and

a capacitor coupled to the input stage output and to the regulated output signal for compensating the regulator.

13. The regulator of claim 12, wherein the inverting means inverts with unity gain.

14. The regulator of claim 12, wherein the inverting means includes a transistor with a control input for receiving the error signal.

15. The regulator of claim 12, wherein the deriving means includes a voltage divider.

16. The regulator of claim 12, wherein the inverting means includes a load sensitive current source and a buffer for buffering the error signal, the load sensitive current source connected to the buffer.

17. The regulator of claim 16, wherein the inverting means includes a first transistor that inverts the error signal, and the load sensitive current source includes a second transistor, wherein the control of the first and second transistors is coupled together to receive the error signal through a first resistor.

18. The regulator of claim 17, wherein the buffer includes a Darlington follower transistor pair having a control connected to the first transistor and an output connected to the second transistor.

19. The regulator of claim 16, further including a second resistor coupled between the control of the first and second transistors and the output of the buffer.

20. A regulator for providing a regulated output signal at an output terminal, the regulator comprising:

a transconductance stage that receives an input voltage signal and a reference voltage signal and provides an amplified error signal based on a difference between the input voltage signal and the reference voltage signal at a transconductance stage output lead, the input voltage signal being derived from the regulated output signal at the output terminal;

an inverting stage that receives the amplified error signal from the transconductance stage and inverts the amplified error signal to provide an inverted amplified error signal;

a first transistor having a control lead that receives the inverted amplified error signal and providing a drive signal;

a second transistor having a control lead that receives the drive signal and coupled to the output terminal to provide the regulated output signal; and

a capacitor coupled between the output terminal and the transconductance stage output lead.

21. The regulator of claim 20, wherein the first and second transistors are bipolar transistors.

22. The regulator of claim 21, wherein the first transistor is an NPN transistor which has a base that receives the inverted amplified error signal, and a collector that provides the drive signal;

and wherein the second transistor is a PNP transistor that has a base that receives the drive signal and a collector that provides the regulated output signal.

23. The regulator of claim 20, further comprising a buffer having an input lead coupled to the capacitor and to the transconductance stage output lead, and an output lead coupled to the inverting stage.

24. The regulator of claim 23, wherein the buffer includes a PNP transistor and an NPN transistor.

25. The regulator of claim 20, further comprising a load sensitive current source coupled to receive the signal provided to the inverting stage and connected on one side to the control lead of the first transistor.