Ballistic projectile trajectory determining system

• US 5,631,654 A
• Filed: 02/05/1996
• Issued: 05/20/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/05/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Karr, Thomas J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US08/595,441
• Time in Patent Office: 470 Days
• Field of Search: 367/118, 367/906, 342/67, 342/107, 342/90, 342/96, 342/115, 342/140, 342/97, 244/3.16, 250/342, 250/332, 250/334, 356/4.01, 356/4.02, 356/4.03, 364/516, 364/517
• US Class Current: 342/107
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 11/12 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/7864 T.V. type tracking systems

Abstract

A computer controlled system determines the three-dimensional trajectory of a ballistic projectile. To initialize the system, predictions of state parameters for a ballistic projectile are received at an estimator. The estimator uses the predictions of the state parameters to estimate first trajectory characteristics of the ballistic projectile. A single stationary monocular sensor then observes the actual first trajectory characteristics of the ballistic projectile. A comparator generates an error value related to the predicted state parameters by comparing the estimated first trajectory characteristics of the ballistic projectile with the observed first trajectory characteristics of the ballistic projectile. If the error value is equal to or greater than a selected limit, the predictions of the state parameters are adjusted. New estimates for the trajectory characteristics of the ballistic projectile are made and are then compared with actual observed trajectory characteristics. This process is repeated until the error value is less than the selected limit. Once the error value is less than the selected limit, a calculator calculates trajectory characteristics such a the origin and destination of the ballistic projectile.

Claims

1. A ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining apparatus comprising:

an estimator communicatively coupled to receive predicted state parameters of a ballistic projectile and for estimating first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said predicted state parameters;

a single stationary monocular sensor for observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile;

a comparator coupled to said single stationary monocular sensor and said estimator, said comparator adapted for determining a difference between said observed first trajectory characteristics received from said single stationary monocular sensor and said estimated first trajectory characteristics received from said estimator, and for generating an error based on said difference;

an estimator adjuster for receiving said error value from said comparator provided said error value is above a selected limit, said estimator adjuster further for adjusting said predicted state parameters of said ballistic projectile causing said estimator to re-estimate said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said adjusted predictions of said state parameters; and

a ballistic projectile trajectory calculator coupled to said comparator for determining second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is at or below said selected limit.

2. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first trajectory characteristics include azimuth and elevation angles of said ballistic projectile.

3. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining apparatus of claim 1 wherein said single stationary monocular sensor is a passive staring array infrared detector.

4. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining apparatus of claim 1 wherein said second trajectory characteristics include the origin and destination of said ballistic projectile.

5. In a computer controlled ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system including a processor coupled to a bus, a memory unit coupled to said bus for storing information, and a single stationary projectile sensor, a method for determining trajectory characteristics of said projectile, said method comprising the computer implemented steps of:

a) receiving, at an estimator, a prediction of state parameters for a ballistic projectile;

b) estimating first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said predictions of said state parameters;

c) observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary monocular sensor;

d) generating an error value of said predicted state parameters based on a comparison between said estimated first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile and said observed first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile;

e) adjusting said predictions of said state parameters of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is equal to or greater than a selected limit and repeating steps b) through e) until said error value is less than said selected limit; and

f) calculating second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is less than said selected limit.

6. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of receiving at an estimator a prediction of state parameters for a ballistic projectile further comprises the steps of:

receiving at an estimator an initial measurement of a position of a ballistic projectile;

determining, at said estimator, a prediction of said position of said ballistic projectile in three dimensions;

determining, at said estimator, a prediction of a velocity in three dimensions of said ballistic projectile at said position; and

receiving, at said estimator, a prediction of a ballistic coefficient for said ballistic projectile.

7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising the step of:

receiving at said estimator a prediction of at least one additional said state parameter selected from the group consisting of ballistic projectile spin, coriolis effect, wind effects, atmospheric density, and atmospheric temperature.

8. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of receiving at an estimator a prediction of state parameters for a ballistic projectile further comprises the step of:

receiving at an estimator a prediction of m state parameters for a ballistic projectile, wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 7.

9. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said step of estimating first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said prediction of said state parameters further comprises the step of:

estimating at least m first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said prediction of said state parameters.

10. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein said step of observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary monocular sensor further comprises the step of:

observing at least m first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary monocular sensor.

11. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary monocular sensor further comprises the step of:

observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary angle-only monocular sensor.

12. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a single stationary monocular sensor further comprises the step of:

observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using a passive staring array infrared sensor.

13. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of calculating second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile if said error value is less than said selected limit further comprises the step of:

calculating the origin of said ballistic projectile.

14. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of calculating second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile if said error value is less than said selected limit further comprises the step of:

calculating a destination of said ballistic projectile.

15. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

g) estimating at least m+1 said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said error value adjusted m state parameters of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is less than said selected limit;

h) observing at least m+1 said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said single stationary monocular sensor;

i) generating an error value of said predicted m state parameters by comparing said estimated m+1 first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile with said observed m+1 first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile;

j) adjusting said prediction of said m state parameters of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is equal to or greater than a second selected limit and repeating steps g) through i) until said error value is less than said second selected limit; and

k) calculating second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile provided said error value is less than said second selected limit.

16. A ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system comprising:

an estimator receiving predicted state parameters of a ballistic projectile for estimating first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said predicted state parameters;

a single stationary monocular sensor for observing said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile;

a comparator coupled to said single stationary monocular sensor and said estimator for comparing said observed first trajectory characteristics received from said single stationary monocular sensor with said estimated first trajectory characteristics received from said estimator, said comparator generating an error value indicative of a difference between said observed first trajectory characteristics and said estimated first trajectory characteristics;

p1 an estimator adjuster receiving said error value from said comparator when said error value is above a selected limit for adjusting said predicted state parameters of said ballistic projectile and causing said estimator to re-estimate said first trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile using said adjusted predictions of said state parameters; and

a ballistic projectile trajectory calculator coupled to said comparator for determining second trajectory characteristics of said ballistic projectile when said error value is at or below said selected limit.

17. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system of claim 16 wherein said first trajectory characteristics include azimuth and elevation angles of said ballistic projectile.

18. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system of claim 16 wherein said single stationary monocular sensor is a passive staring array infrared detector.

19. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system of claim 16 wherein said single stationary monocular sensor is a single stationary angle-only monocular sensor.

20. The ballistic projectile three-dimensional trajectory determining system of claim 16 wherein said second trajectory characteristics include the origin and destination of said ballistic projectile.