Audio signal conversion using frequency band division

• US 5,631,966 A
• Filed: 02/10/1994
• Issued: 05/20/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Heyl, Lawrence F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo
• Assistant Examiner(s): Grant, II, Jerome
• Application Number:
  US08/194,237
• Time in Patent Office: 1,195 Days
• Field of Search: 381/2, 381/61, 381/63, 381/77, 381/84, 381/29, 381/34, 381/106, 375/260
• US Class Current: 381/77
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/667 using a division in frequency subbands for TV signals H04N19/63
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/928 the sound signal being pulse code modulated and recorded in time division multiplex with the modulated video signal

Abstract

The present invention includes a system and method for audio signal conversion using frequency band division. By making use of the statistical properties of an audio signal, the system and method achieves significant coding efficiency, on the order of twice that achieved by linear PCM. Quantization is performed on multiple frequency bands of audio data which have different power density characteristics and sample rate requirements.

Claims

1. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

analog multiplexer means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal and said amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating an analog time division multiplexed signal, and

analog to digital converter means, coupled to said analog time division multiplexed signal, for generating a digitized time division multiplexed signal,

wherein said first and said second gain controlled amplifier means are transconductance cells with a linear transfer characteristic.

2. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

analog multiplexer means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal and said amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating an analog time division multiplexed signal, and

analog to digital converter means, coupled to said analog time division multiplexed signal, for generating a digitized time division multiplexed signal,

wherein said analog multiplexer means samples said amplitude controlled first band signal at a first rate, and samples said amplitude controlled second band signal at a second rate.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said first rate is less than said second rate.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said first rate is 2 kHz and said second rate is 44.1 kHz.

5. An audio signal conversion system comprising an analog band splitter having an input, a first output, and a second output,

said input of said analog band splitter coupled to an analog audio input signal,

said first output of said analog band splitter generating a first band audio signal,

said second output of said analog band splitter generating a second band audio signal,

a first gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said first gain controlled amplifier coupled to said first band audio signal,

said output of said first gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

a second gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said second gain controlled amplifier coupled to said second band audio signal,

said output of said second gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

an analog multiplexer having a first input, a second input, and an output,

said first input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal,

said second input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal,

said output of said analog multiplexer generating an analog time division multiplexed signal, and

an analog to digital converter having an input and an output,

said input of said analog to digital converter coupled to said analog time division multiplexed signal,

said output of said analog to digital converter generating a digitized time division multiplexed signal,

wherein said first and said second gain controlled amplifiers are transconductance cells with a linear transfer characteristic.

6. An audio signal conversion system comprising an analog band splitter having an input, a first output, and a second output,

said input of said analog band splitter coupled to an analog audio input signal,

said first output of said analog band splitter generating a first band audio signal,

said second output of said analog band splitter generating a second band audio signal,

a first gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said first gain controlled amplifier coupled to said first band audio signal,

said output of said first gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

a second gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said second gain controlled amplifier coupled to said second band audio signal,

said output of said second gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

an analog multiplexer having a first input, a second input, and an output,

said first input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal,

said second input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal,

said output of said analog multiplexer generating an analog time division multiplexed signal, and

an analog to digital converter having an input and an output,

said input of said analog to digital converter coupled to said analog time division multiplexed signal,

said output of said analog to digital converter generating a digitized time division multiplexed signal,

wherein said first and said second gain controlled amplifiers include a control input, and

further including an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, said AGC circuit including a first input, a second input, a first digital output, a second digital output, a first analog output, and a second analog output,

said first input and said second input of said AGC circuit coupled to said digitized time division multiplexed signal,

said first digital output of said AGC circuit generating a first digital gain control signal,

said second digital output of said AGC circuit generating a second digital gain control signal, said first analog output of said AGC circuit generating a first analog gain control signal, and

said second analog output of said AGC circuit generating a second analog gain control signal.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said control input of said first gain controlled amplifier is coupled to said first analog gain control signal, and said control input of said second gain controlled amplifier is coupled to said second analog gain control signal.

8. The system of claim 7 further including a digital multiplexer having a first input, a second input, a third input, and an output;

said first input of said digital multiplexer coupled to said digitized time division multiplexed signal;

said second input of said digital multiplexer coupled to said first digital gain control signal;

said third input of said digital multiplexer coupled to said second digital gain control signal; and

said output of said digital multiplexer generating a second digital time division multiplexed signal capable of being reproduced as said analog audio input signal.

9. An audio signal conversion system comprising an analog band splitter having an input, a first output, and a second output,

said input of said analog band splitter coupled to an analog audio input signal,

said first output of said analog band splitter generating a first band audio signal,

said second output of said analog band splitter generating a second band audio signal,

a first gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said first gain controlled amplifier coupled to said first band audio signal,

said output of said first gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

a second gain controlled amplifier having an input and an output,

said input of said second gain controlled amplifier coupled to said second band audio signal,

said output of said second gain controlled amplifier generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

an analog multiplexer having a first input, a second input, and an output,

said first input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal,

said second input of said analog multiplexer coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal,

said output of said analog multiplexer generating an analog time division multiplexed signal, and

an analog to digital converter having an input and an output, said input of said analog to digital converter coupled to said analog time division multiplexed signal,

said output of said analog to digital converter generating a digitized time division multiplexed signal,

wherein said analog multiplexer samples said amplitude controlled first band signal at a first rate, and samples said amplitude controlled second band signal at a second rate.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said first rate is less than said second rate.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said first rate is 2 kHz and said second rate is 44.1 kHz.

12. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

first analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal, for generating a digitized amplitude controlled first band signal, second analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal for generating a digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, and

digital multiplexer means, coupled to said digitized amplitude controlled first band signal and said digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating a digital time division multiplexed output signal,

wherein said first and said second gain controlled amplifier means are transconductance cells with a linear transfer characteristic.

13. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

first analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal, for generating a digitized amplitude controlled first band signal, second analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal for generating a digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, and

digital multiplexer means, coupled to said digitized amplitude controlled first band signal and said digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating a digital time division multiplexed output signal,

wherein said first analog to digital converter means samples said amplitude controlled first band signal at a first rate, and said second analog to digital converter means samples said amplitude controlled second band signal at a second rate.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said first rate is less than said second rate.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said first rate is 2 kHz and said second rate is 44.1 kHz.

16. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

first analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal, for generating a digitized amplitude controlled first band signal, second analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal for generating a digitized amplitude controlled second band signal,

digital multiplexer means, coupled to said digitized amplitude controlled first band signal and said digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating a digital time division multiplexed output signal,

wherein said first and said second gain controlled amplifiers include a control input, and

further including an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, said AGC circuit including a first input, a second input, a first digital output, a second digital output, a first analog output, and a second analog output,

said first input of said AGC circuit coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal,

said second input of said AGC circuit coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal,

said first digital output of said AGC circuit generating a first digital gain control signal,

said second digital output of said AGC circuit generating a second digital gain control signal,

said first analog output of said AGC circuit generating a first analog gain control signal, and

said second analog output of said AGC circuit generating a second analog gain control signal.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein said control input of said first gain controlled amplifier is coupled to said first analog gain control signal, and said control input of said second gain controlled amplifier is coupled to said second analog gain control signal.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein said digital multiplexer further includes a third input and a fourth input;

said third input of said digital multiplexer coupled to said first digital gain control signal;

said fourth input of said digital multiplexer coupled to said second digital gain control signal; and

said output of said digital multiplexer generating a digital time division multiplexed signal capable of being reproduced as said analog audio input signal.

19. A system for encoding an analog audio input signal comprising

analog band splitter means, coupled to said analog audio input signal, for generating a first band audio signal and a second band audio signal,

first gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said first band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled first band signal,

second gain controlled amplifier means, coupled to said second band audio signal, for generating an amplitude controlled second band signal,

first analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled first band signal, for generating a digitized amplitude controlled first band signal, Second analog to digital converter means, coupled to said amplitude controlled second band signal for generating a digitized amplitude controlled second band signal,

digital multiplexer means, coupled to said digitized amplitude controlled first band signal and said digitized amplitude controlled second band signal, for generating a digital time division multiplexed output signal, and

wherein said first analog to digital converter samples said amplitude controlled first band signal at a first rate, and said second analog to digital converter samples said amplitude controlled second band signal at a second rate.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein said first rate is less than said second rate.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein said first rate is 2 kHz and said second rate is 44.1 kHz.

22. A method for digitally encoding an analog audio input signal, comprising the steps of:

splitting said analog audio input signal into a first frequency band signal and a second frequency band signal;

amplifying said first frequency band signal by a first continuously variable signal, said first continuously variable signal inversely proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of said first frequency band signal;

amplifying said second frequency band signal by a second continuously variable signal, said second continuously variable signal inversely proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of said second frequency band signal;

generating a digitized representation of said amplified first frequency band signal and said amplified second frequency band signal; and

multiplexing said digitized amplified first frequency band signal, said digitized amplified second frequency band signal, a digitized representation of said first continuously variable signal, and a digitized representation of said second continuously variable signal to generate a digital time division multiplexed signal capable of being reconstructed as said analog audio input signal.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein said first band audio signal is a low frequency band audio signal, and said second band audio signal is a high frequency band audio signal.

24. A method for encoding an analog audio input signal, comprising the steps of:

splitting said analog audio input signal into a first frequency band signal and a second frequency band signal;

amplifying said first frequency band signal by a first continuously variable signal, said first continuously variable signal inversely proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of said first frequency band signal;

amplifying said second frequency band signal by a second continuously variable signal, said second continuously variable signal inversely proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of said second frequency band signal;

time division multiplexing said amplified first frequency band signal and said amplified second frequency band signal to generate an analog time division multiplexed signal;

converting said analog time division multiplexed into a first digital time division multiplexed signal; and

time division multiplexing said first digital time division multiplexed signal, a digitized representation of said first continuously variable signal, and a digitized representation of said second continuously variable signal to generate a second digital time division multiplexed signal capable of being reconstructed as said analog audio input signal.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein said first band audio signal is a low frequency band audio signal, and said second band audio signal is a high frequency band audio signal.