Method and system for producing a table image showing indirect data representations

• US 5,632,009 A
• Filed: 03/05/1996
• Issued: 05/20/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: SAP America Incorporated (SAP SE)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Card, Stuart K., Rao, Ramana B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Herndon, Heather R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BUCHEL JR, RUDOLPH JOHN
• Application Number:
  US08/611,013
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 395/118-20, 395/140-1, 395/146, 395/157-8, 395/161, 395/164
• US Class Current: 715/201
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/023 Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/18 of spreadsheets form-filling G06F40/174
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/206 Drawing of charts or graphs

Abstract

A method for operating a processor-controlled system produces a table image including graphical display objects in each of the cell regions indirectly representing the data values in an underlying n-dimensional (nD) information data array. Request signal data is received from a input signal source to present the table image in the display area of a display device connected to the processor-controlled system. In response to the request signal data, for each cell in the table image, the source data value and data type of a source data item in the nD data array is obtained, and a cell presentation type is selected using the data type. A graphical display object having at least one display feature representative of the data type of the data value is produced from the cell presentation type, and image definition data defining table image and the graphical display object for each cell is provided to a system display device for display. The underlying data in the nD data array is thus graphically and indirectly represented in the table image, facilitating the visual inspection and identification of patterns and trends in the data. In addition, for very large conventional table images that do not fit in a standard sized display area, indirect representation of the data occupies substantially less space in the display area, permitting very large tables to be entirely represented graphically in one image. A sophisticated user interface permits a system user to perform table manipulation functions, such as reordering rows and column, sorting rows or columns, and deriving new rows or column, in order to further reveal data trends and patterns in the graphical representations.

Claims

1. A method of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format;

the machine including;

output circuitry connected to a display having a display area for presenting images;

a processor connected for providing images to the output circuitry; and

memory for storing data;

the data stored in the memory including instruction data indicating instructions the processor executes;

the processor being further connected for accessing the data stored in the memory;

the method comprising;

operating the processor to obtain a plurality of source data items included in an n-dimensional (nD) data array stored in the memory;

respective ones of the plurality of source data items in a first dimension of the nD data array each being referred to as a case data item and each indicating a set of source data items in a second dimension of the nD data array;

each source data item included in the set of source data items in the second dimension being referred to as a variable data item and indicating variable information about the case data item;

the set of variable data items for each case data item being identically ordered with respect to the variable information provided about the case data item such that a first variable data item for a first case data item indicates first variable information about the first case data item and a first variable data item for a second case data item indicates first variable information about the second case data item;

each of the plurality of first variable data items indicated by respective ones of the case data items being referred to as a first column data item;

each source data item stored in the nD array having a source data value indicating a direct representation of information about the respective source data item;

operating the processor to determine a graphical display object for each respective first column data item;

each graphical display object representing an indirect graphical representation of the source data value indicated by the respective first column data item;

each graphical display object having display features in common with each other graphical display object representing a first column data item;

each graphical display object further having a display feature, referred to as a value display feature, representing the source data value of a respective first column data item;

a value display feature of a first graphical display object visually distinguishing the first graphical display object from a second graphical display object representing a respective first column data item having a different source data value;

operating the processor to produce image definition data defining an image, referred to as a table image, for presentation in the display area;

the table image defining a two-dimensional (2D) region in the display area for displaying the source data values of the plurality of source data items included in the nD array;

the table image including a plurality of cell regions arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) grid of horizontally-arranged cell regions referred to as rows and vertically-arranged cell regions referred to as columns;

a number of rows in the 2D grid being determined according to the respective case data items in the first dimension of the nD data array;

a number of columns in the 2D grid being determined according to a number of the variable data items included in each set of variable data items in the second dimension of the nD data array;

each cell region in the table image being paired with a respective source data item in the nD data array;

operating the processor to produce image definition data defining each graphical display object representing a respective one of the plurality of first column data items;

each graphical display object having size dimensions suitable for presentation in a respective one of the cell regions in a first column of the table image;

operating the processor to present the table image in the display area and to present the graphical display objects in respective ones of the cell regions in the first column of the table image;

the table image showing in the first column indirect representations of the source data values for respectively paired first column data items;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column being visually similar as a result of having display features in common with each other graphical display object;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column being visually distinguishable from one another as a result of each having a value display feature representing the source data value of the respective first column data item represented by the graphical display object.

2. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein

the source data value of each respective first column data item indicates quantity information;

the display features common to each graphical display object give the perception of a line segment; and

the value display feature of each graphical display object is the length of the line segment;

the length of the line segment being determined by the quantity information of the respective first column data item;

the first column in the table image showing a line segment in each cell region representing the source data value of the first column data item paired with the respective cell region;

the length of each line segment representing the source data value indicated by the first column data item represented by the line segment.

3. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein

the source data value of each respective first column data item indicates category information;

the source data value being one of at least two categories of information;

the display features common to each graphical display object give the perception of a visible display object boundary feature having an object width dimension suitable for presentation in a cell region; and

the value display feature of each graphical display object is an x coordinate position in the cell region determined by the category information of the respective first column data item;

the first column in the table image showing a display object boundary feature in each cell region representing the source data value of the first column data item paired with the respective cell region;

the x coordinate position in the cell region of each display object boundary feature representing the source data value indicated by the first column data item represented by the line segment.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the value display feature of the graphical display object further includes a fill color shown within the visible display object boundary feature and determined by the category information of the respective first column data item;

the first column in the table image showing in each cell region a display object boundary feature representing the first column data item paired with the respective cell region;

the fill color and the x coordinate position of each display object boundary feature collectively representing the source data value indicated by the first column data item represented by the display object boundary feature.

5. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein

the source data value of each first column data item is a composite object data structure;

and

the display features common to each graphical display object give the perception of an icon display object having size and shape dimensions suitable for presentation in the cell region;

the first column in the table image showing in each cell region an icon display object representing the source data value of the first column data item paired with the respective cell region.

6. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein the source data value of each first column data item is a composite object data structure;

and wherein the display features common to each graphical display object include at least one character display feature representing the composite object data structure;

the at least one character display feature having size dimensions suitable for presentation in the cell region;

the first column in the table image showing in each cell region a character display feature representing the first column data item paired with the respective cell region.

7. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein

the source data value of each first column data item is a bit map data structure;

and

the display features common to each graphical display object give the perception of a reduced version of the bit map data structure having size and shape dimensions suitable for presentation in the cell region;

the first column in the table image showing in each cell region a reduced version of the bit map data structure representing the first column data item paired with the respective cell region.

8. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein each respective first column data item stored in the nD data array indicates a data type data item indicating a data type thereof;

the processor further obtaining the data type indicated by the respective first column data item; and

wherein operating the processor to determine a graphical display object for each respective first column data item includes

determining a cell presentation type for each respective first column data item using the data type indicated by the first column data item;

the cell presentation type indicating a mapping from the direct representation of a source data value and a source data type indicated by a respective first column data item to the display features indicating the indirect graphical representation of the respective first column data item; and

using the cell presentation type to determine the graphical display object representing the respective first column data item.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein a cell presentation type for each different data type indicated by source data items stored in the nD data array is stored in the memory of the machine;

each different data type indicating a matching cell presentation type; and

wherein operating the processor to determine a graphical display object for each respective first column data item includes automatically determining the graphical display object using the cell presentation type;

the processor using the data type obtained for the respective first column data item to obtain the matching cell presentation type stored in the memory of the machine;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column of the table image being produced for presentation therein automatically using data stored in the memory of the machine.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein a cell presentation type for each different data type indicated by source data items stored in the nD data array is provided as input by a human user.

11. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein the value display feature representing a source data value of a respective first column data item has a relationship to a size dimension of the cell region;

a visually distinguishing characteristic of the value display feature being determined using the size dimension of the cell region;

a user perceiving a graphical display object in a cell region in the first column of the table image being able to compare the visually distinguishing characteristic of the value display feature to the size dimension of the cell region to estimate the source data value indicated by the respective first column data item represented by the graphical display object.

12. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format further including, prior to producing the image definition data defining the table image, producing each graphical display object, and presenting the table image showing the graphical display objects, operating the processor to perform a sorting operation using the source data values indicated by the plurality of first column data items and using a sorting order appropriate to the source data values;

the sorting operation producing sorted first column data items and rearranging the case data items indicated by the first column data items to produce rearranged case data items;

wherein operating the processor to produce the image definition data defining the table image includes using the rearranged case data items and the sorted first column data items;

the first column of the table image showing the graphical display objects presented in an order determined by the source data values indicated by the sorted first column data items and giving a perception of a visual pattern in the graphical display objects shown in the first column;

the visual pattern indicating a progression of changes in the source data values.

13. The method of claim 1 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format further including

operating the processor to determine a graphical display object for each of the variable data items indicated by each of the case data items stored in the nD data array;

operating the processor to produce image definition data defining each graphical display object representing a respective one of the plurality of variable data items;

each graphical display object having size dimensions suitable for presentation in a respective one of the cell regions in the table image;

operating the processor to present the table image in the display area and to present the graphical display objects in respective ones of the cell regions in the table image;

the table image showing indirect representations of the source data values for respectively paired variable data items in all columns of the table image;

the graphical display objects shown in a respective one of the columns being visually similar as a result of having display features in common with each other graphical display object in the respective column;

the graphical display objects shown in a respective column being visually distinguishable from one another as a result of each having a value display feature representing the source data value of the respective variable data item represented by the graphical display object.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein, when the table image showing in the cell regions the indirect representations of the source data values indicated by the source data items stored in the nD data array has size dimensions too large to be completely displayed in the display area of the display device, operating the processor to produce image definition data defining the table image includes computing a cell region size for each cell region that produces computed size dimensions for the table image small enough to display a complete table image in the display area;

and wherein operating the processor to produce image definition data defining each graphical display object includes determining a graphical object size for each graphical display object using the cell region size;

the graphical object size for each graphical display object being suitable for presenting the graphical display object in the respective cell region;

the complete table image presented in the display area including in the cell regions graphical display objects for all respectively paired variable data items stored in the nD data array and providing a single image, compressed graphical view of data stored in the nD data array.

15. A method of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format;

the machine including;

a user input device for receiving signals indicating actions of a machine user;

output circuitry connected to a display having a display area for presenting images;

a processor connected for receiving the signals from the user input device, and connected for providing images to the output circuitry;

memory for storing data;

the data stored in the memory including;

instruction data indicating instructions the processor executes; and

an n-dimensional (nD) data array including a plurality of source data items each indicating a source data value;

the processor being further connected for accessing the data stored in the memory;

the method comprising;

operating the processor to present a first table image in the display area;

the first table image defining a two-dimensional (2D) region in the display area for presenting the source data values indicated by source data items included in the nD array;

the first table image including a first plurality of cell regions arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) grid of horizontally-arranged cell regions referred to as rows and vertically-arranged cell regions referred to as columns;

a respective one of the first plurality or cell regions being paired with a respective one of the plurality of source data items included in the nD data array for presenting therein the source data value of the respective source data item;

each cell region paired with a respective source data item showing at least one character display feature indicating a direct representation of the source data value indicated by the source data item paired with the cell region;

operating the processor to receive user signal data from the user input device indicating an image display request by the machine user to display a graphical view of the direct representations of the source data values shown in a first column of the first table image in the display area; and

operating the processor to respond to the image display request from the machine user by presenting a second table image in the display area replacing the first table image;

the second table image including a second plurality of cell regions arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) grid of horizontally-arranged cell regions referred to as rows and vertically-arranged cell regions referred to as columns;

each of the second plurality of cell regions in a first column in the second table image being paired with a respective one of the first plurality of cell regions in the first column of the first table image;

the first column in the second table image showing a graphical display object in each of the cell regions therein;

each graphical display object shown in a cell region in the first column of the second table image representing a mapping from the direct representation of the source data value shown in a paired cell region in the first column of cell regions in the first table image to an indirect graphical representation of the source data value;

each graphical display object having display features in common with each other graphical display object shown in the first column of the second table image;

the graphical display objects being visually similar, as a result of having display features in common with each other graphical display object shown in the first column;

each graphical display object in the first column in the second table image having a display feature, referred to as a value display feature, representing the source data value that was directly shown in a respective paired cell region in the first column of the first table image;

a value display feature of a first graphical display object visually distinguishing the first graphical display object from a second graphical display object representing a different source data value.

16. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format further including

operating the processor to receive second user signal data from the user input device indicating a sorting request by the machine user to sort the source data values indirectly represented by the graphical display objects shown in the first column of the second table image;

the second user signal data further indicating sorting data indicating a requested dimension sorting order for the source data values; and

operating the processor to respond to the second image display request from the machine user by presenting a sorted second table image in the display area showing the graphical display objects of the first column of the second table image in the requested dimension sorting order;

the visually distinguishing characteristics of the value display features indirectly representing source data values in the graphical display objects giving a perception to the machine user of a visual pattern in the graphical display objects presented in the first column of the sorted second table image;

the visual pattern indicating a progression of changes in the source data values.

17. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format further including

operating the processor to receive second user signal data from the user input device indicating a data highlighting request by the machine user to highlight a graphical display object representing a requested source data value represented by the graphical display objects in the first column of the second table image;

the data highlighting request including source data value criteria data; and

operating the processor to respond to the data highlighting request from the machine user by

comparing the source data value criteria data to each of the source data values indirectly represented by a graphical display object in the first column of the second table image to produce selected source data values;

for each selected source data value, producing image definition data defining a graphical display object indicating a changed display feature and referred to as a highlighted graphical display object;

the changed display feature visually distinguishing the highlighted graphical display object from a graphical display object in the first column of the second table image not having the changed display feature; and

presenting a highlighted second table image in the display area;

the highlighted second table image showing the highlighted graphical display objects in the first column;

the machine user being able to visually identify each highlighted graphical display object by the changed display feature;

the machine user thereby being able to locate data in the first column using the graphical view of the data.

18. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format further including

operating the processor to receive second user signal data from the user input device indicating a column addition request to add a column to the second table image;

the second user signal data further including cell contents specification data indicating a source of data for an added column and display area coordinate data indicating a requested table position in the second table; and

operating the processor to respond to the column addition request from the machine user by

computing new column data values for cell regions to be included in the added column using the source of data for the added column indicated by the second user signal data;

producing image definition data defining a new-column graphical display object for indirectly representing each new column data value to be displayed in each cell region in the added column;

each new-column graphical display object having a value display feature representing the new column data value;

a value display feature of a first graphical display object shown in the added column visually distinguishing the first graphical display object from a second graphical display object shown in the added column representing a different source data value;

presenting a third table image in the display area showing the added column including the new-column graphical display objects in the requested table position;

the machine user being able to visually compare a first new column data value indirectly represented in the added column with a second new column data value indirectly represented in the added column using the graphical display objects.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the source of data for the added column indicated by the second user signal data are a plurality of source data values indirectly represented by graphical display objects presented in second and third columns in the second table image.

20. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein display features of the graphical display object may be changed by a user request.

21. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein the source data value directly represented in a cell region in the first column in the first table image indicates quantity information;

wherein each graphical display object shown in the first column of the second table image is a line segment; and

wherein the value display feature of each graphical display object is the length of the line segment;

the length of the line segment of a graphical display object being determined by the quantity information of the source data value directly represented in the respective paired cell region in the first column in the first table image;

the first column in the second table image showing line segments of different lengths representing the source data values directly represented in the respective paired cell regions.

22. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format

wherein the source data value directly represented in a cell region in the first column in the first table image indicates category information indicating that the source data value is one of at least two categories of information;

wherein each graphical display object shown in the first column of the second table image is a visible display object boundary feature having an object width dimension suitable for presentation in a cell region; and

wherein the value display feature of each graphical display object is an x coordinate position in the cell region determined by the category information indicated by the source data value directly represented in the respective paired cell region in the first column in the first table image;

the first column in the second table image showing display object boundary features positioned at different x coordinate positions in the cell regions representing the source data values directly represented in the respective paired cell regions.

23. The method of claim 15 of operating a machine to present a graphical view of data in a tabular format wherein the value display feature representing a source data value of a respective source data item includes a visually distinguishing characteristic determined using the size dimension of the cell region;

a machine user perceiving a graphical display object in a cell region in the first column of the second table image being able to compare the visually distinguishing characteristic of the value display feature to the size dimension of the cell region to estimate the source data value indicated by the respective source data item represented by the graphical display object.

24. An article of manufacture for use by a machine;

the machine including input signal circuitry for receiving interaction signals from a user interaction device;

output circuitry connected to a display device for presenting images thereon;

storage medium access circuitry for accessing a medium that stores data; and

a processor connected for receiving the input interaction signals from the user interaction device, connected for providing image definition data defining images to the output circuitry for presenting the images on the display device, and connected for receiving data from the storage medium access circuitry;

the article comprising;

a data storage medium that can be accessed by the storage medium access circuitry when the article is used by the machine; and

data stored in the data storage medium so that the storage medium access circuitry can provide the stored data to the processor when the article is used by the machine;

the stored data comprising instruction data indicating instructions the processor can execute;

the processor, in executing the instructions, obtaining a plurality of source data items included in an n-dimensional (nD) data array stored in the memory;

respective ones of the plurality of source data items in a first dimension of the nD data array each being referred to as case data items;

each case data item indicating a set of source data items in a second dimension of the nD data array;

each source data item included in the set of source data items in the second dimension being referred to as a variable data item and indicating variable information about the case data item;

the set of variable data items for each case data item being identically ordered with respect to the variable information provided about the case data item such that a first variable data item for a first case data item indicates first variable information about the first case data item and a first variable data item for a second case data item indicates first variable information about the second case data item;

each of the plurality of first variable data items indicated by respective ones of the case data items being referred to as a first column data item;

each source data item stored in the nD array having a source data value indicating a direct representation of information about the respective source data item;

the processor, further in executing the instructions, determining a graphical display object for each respective first column data item;

each graphical display object representing an indirect graphical representation of the source data value indicated by the respective first column data item;

each graphical display object having display features in common with each other graphical display object representing a first column data item;

each graphical display object further having a display feature, referred to as a value display feature, representing the source data value of a respective first column data item;

a value display feature of a first graphical display object visually distinguishing the first graphical display object from a second graphical display object representing a respective first column data item having a different source data value;

the processor, further in executing the instructions, producing image definition data defining an image, referred to as a table image, for presentation in the display area;

the table image defining a two-dimensional (2D) region in the display area for displaying the source data values of the plurality of source data items included in the nD array;

the table image including a plurality of cell regions arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) grid of horizontally-arranged cell regions referred to as rows and vertically-arranged cell regions referred to as columns;

a number of rows in the 2D grid being determined according to the respective case data items in the first dimension of the nD data array;

a number of columns in the 2D grid being determined according to a number of the variable data items included in each set of variable data items in the second dimension of the nD data array;

each cell region in the table image being paired with a respective source data item in the nD data array;

the processor, still further in executing the instructions, producing image definition data defining each graphical display object representing a respective one of the plurality of first column data items;

each graphical display object having size dimensions suitable for presentation in a respective one of the cell regions in a first column of the table image;

the processor, still further in executing the instructions, presenting the table image in the display area and presenting the graphical display objects in respective ones of the cell regions in the first column of the table image;

the table image showing in the first column indirect representations of the source data values for respectively paired first column data items;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column being visually similar as a result of having display features in common with each other graphical display object;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column being visually distinguishable from one another as a result of each having a value display feature representing the source data value of the respective first column data item represented by the graphical display object.

25. The article of manufacture of claim 24 wherein the value display feature representing a source data value of a respective first column data item has a relationship to a size dimension of the cell region;

a visually distinguishing characteristic of the value display feature being determined using the size dimension of the cell region;

a user perceiving a graphical display object in a cell region in the first column of the table image being able to compare the visually distinguishing characteristic of the value display feature to the size dimension of the cell region to estimate the source data value indicated by the respective first column data item represented by the graphical display object.

26. The article of manufacture of claim 24 wherein each source data item stored in the nD data array indicates a data type data item indicating a data type thereof;

the processor, further in executing the instructions, obtaining the data type indicated by a respective first column data item; and

wherein the processor, in executing the instructions for determining a graphical display object for each respective first column data item,

determines a cell presentation type for each respective first column data item using the data type indicated by the first column data item;

the cell presentation type being one of a plurality of cell presentation types stored in the memory of the machine each indicating a mapping from the direct representation of a source data value and a source data type indicated by a source data item to display features indicating an indirect graphical representation of the source data item;

the processor using the data type obtained for the respective first column data item to obtain a matching cell presentation type stored in the memory of the machine; and

uses the matching cell presentation type to determine the graphical display object representing the respective first column data item;

the graphical display objects shown in the first column of the table image being produced for presentation therein automatically using data stored in the memory of the machine.