Electric vehicle having a hydraulic brake system

• US 5,632,534 A
• Filed: 10/07/1994
• Issued: 05/27/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucas Industries Limited (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Original Assignee: Lucas Industries Limited (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Inventors: Knechtges, Josef
• Primary Examiner(s): Oberleitner, Robert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCHWARTZ, CHRISTOPHER P
• Application Number:
  US08/319,649
• Time in Patent Office: 963 Days
• Field of Search: 303/3, 303/15, 303/20, 303/113.1, 303/152, 303/113.4, 303/114.1, 303/114.2, 303/114.3, 188/156, 188/158, 188/159, 318/371, 318/376, 180/65.1-65.8, 180/165, 180/246
• US Class Current: 303/152
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/44 Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/461 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/28 Four wheel or all wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/108 whilst braking, i.e. ABS
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/586 the retarders being of the electric type
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/74 with electrical assistance or drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/602 ABS features related thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/604 Merging friction therewith; Adjusting their repartition
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

An electric-powered vehicle having a drive system which includes at least one electric motor which is controlled and monitored by an electric control system for driving at least one vehicle wheel in a traction mode of the motor and also for selectively providing a contribution to overall braking torque when operated in a braking mode, and which also provides a hydraulic braking system which is actuated by the vehicle driver and which operates on at least the front wheels of the vehicle. The hydraulic braking torque produced by the driver by way of the hydraulic braking system, is adjusted in such a manner that, for the purpose of modulating the overall braking torque effective at the vehicle wheels the variation of the electric torque is arranged to stay within the "regenerative range" of operation of the electric motor, at least under predetermined operating conditions of the vehicle.

Claims

1. An electric-powered vehicle having a drive system which comprises:

at least one electric motor which has an electrical supply and is controlled and monitored by an electric control system driving at least one vehicle wheel in a drive mode of operation of the motor and also varying the electric torque to selectively provide a contribution to an overall braking torque of the vehicle when controlled by said control system to operate in a braking mode, which also includes a hydraulic braking system which is actuated by a vehicle driver, and which operates on at least front wheels of the vehicle,

a first mechanism adjusting hydraulic braking torque, produced by the vehicle driver by way of the hydraulic braking system in such a manner that, for modulating overall braking torque effective at said wheels, variation of electric torque produced by said motor stays within a regenerative range of operation of the electric motor, said first mechanism comprising an electronically controlled booster enabling a variable booster ratio to be selected electronically

a second mechanism controlling the electrical supply to the electric motor and modulating said overall braking torque for braking in an ABS anti-lock mode such that, if excessive wheel slip occurs, the electric motor torque is reduced; and

a third mechanism allowing control of the braking system when hydraulic brake torque alone exceeds wheel locking torque, by which the electric brake torque produced by said electric motor is removed, and an additional tractive torque is then produced by said electric motor and applied to counteract the hydraulic brake torque.

2. An electric powered vehicle according to claim 1, which comprises a foot operated brake pedal wherein said electronically controlled booster comprises a hydraulic master cylinder unit coupled to said foot operated brake pedal.

3. An electric powered vehicle according to claim 2, which comprises a third mechanism operable below a predetermined deceleration level demanded by the vehicle driver, said second mechanism holding the booster ratio at a minimum value until maximum electric motor contribution to vehicle deceleration has been reached.

4. An electric powered vehicle according to claim 1, which comprises a fourth mechanism responsive to the state of charge of the vehicle battery such that, if the battery is detected by said fourth mechanism responsive to the state of the charge as being at a full charge, braking within the regenerative range is restricted and the hydraulic component to said overall braking torque is weighted.