Method of connecting shapes on a display of a computer system

• US 5,633,955 A
• Filed: 05/31/1995
• Issued: 05/27/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Pagallo, Giulia, Bozinovic, Radmilo
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tadayon, Bijan
• Application Number:
  US08/456,247
• Time in Patent Office: 727 Days
• Field of Search: 382/173, 382/187, 382/197, 382/199, 382/201, 382/202, 382/203, 382/224, 382/189, 382/181, 382/185, 382/186, 382/188, 382/190, 382/192, 382/195, 382/204, 382/205, 382/254 , 382/275, 382/282, 382/284, 382/286, 382/293, 382/307, 382/309, 382/315, 345/133, 345/179
• US Class Current: 382/187
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/347 Sampling; Contour coding; Stroke extraction

Abstract

An apparatus for recognizing shapes characterized by a stroke grouper receptive to a plurality of strokes formed on a screen of a pen-based computer system; a shape recognition engine receptive to a stroke group produced by the stroke grouper; and a knowledge base coupled to the shape recognition engine, where the knowledge base includes, at a minimum, knowledge concerning closed polygons and closed curves. Preferably, the closed curves of the knowledge base include both circles and ellipses. A method for recognizing digitized shapes in a computer system includes the steps of receiving at least one user-initiated stroke; grouping the user-initiated stroke with related strokes to form a stroke group; and analyzing the stroke group to make a best-guess shape represented by the stroke group. Preferably, the method also looks for other shapes which are related to the best-guess shape and modifying at least one of the location, size, or shape of the best-guess shape to conform with the other shapes. The strokes are typically grouped when they are related in time, or space, or in both time and space. A method for recognizing and forming shapes includes the steps of: creating a live group including at least one live stroke; characterizing shape sides from the live group, where a shape side is either straight or curved; forming a polygon from the shape sides if all the shape sides are straight; forming an ellipse from the shape sides if all the shape sides are curved; and forming a composite curve from the shape sides if the shape sides are a mixture of straight sides and curved sides. The step of characterizing shape sides preferably includes the steps of: finding kinks in the live group; defining shape sides as segments between the kinks; and determining whether the shape sides are straight or curved.

Claims

1. A method for connecting an end point of an open shape to an object;

wherein both the open shape and the object are prepared by the interaction of a pointer with a display screen of a computer system; and

wherein the end point lies within a predefined distance of the object; and

wherein the open shape has a plurality of segments including an end segment, which end segment is a terminal portion of the open shape closest to said object; and

wherein said end segment is defined between said end point and an end segment point on the open shape;

the method comprising the following steps;

identifying a kink on the object, which kink is an intersection point on the object where the open shape will connect to the object; and

replacing the end segment with a connection segment drawn between said end segment point and said intersection point on said display screen.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said predefined distance is a first predefined distance between the end point and said kink on the object or a second predefined distance between the end point and a straight side of the object, and wherein the first predefined distance is less than the second predefined distance.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said object is a closed object.

9. The method of claim 3 wherein said object is a closed object.

2. A method for connecting an end point of an open shape to an object;

wherein both the open shape and the object being prepared by the interaction of a pointer with a display screen of a computer system; and

wherein the end point lies within a predefined distance of the object; and

wherein the open shape has a plurality of segments including an end segment, which end segment is a terminal portion of the open shape closest to said object; and

wherein said end segment is defined between the end point and a kink on said open shape;

the method comprising the following steps;

identifying an intersection point on the object where the open shape will connect to the object; and

replacing the end point of the end segment with said intersection point, and

drawing a straight segment between the intersection point and said kink on said open shape.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein said object is a closed object.

4. A method for connecting an end point of an open shape to an object;

wherein both the open shape and the object are prepared by the interaction of a pointer with a display screen of a computer system; and

wherein the end point lies within a predefined distance of the object; and

wherein the open shape has a plurality of segments including an end segment, which end segment is a terminal portion of the open shape closest to said object; and

wherein said end segment is defined between said end point and an end segment point on the open shape;

the method comprising the following steps;

identifying an open end on the object which is the intersection point where the open shape will connect to the object; and

determining whether the tangents at the end point and the open end are separated by less than a predefined angle; and

if the two tangents are separated by less than the predefined angle, connecting the open shape and the object with a smooth connection segment by replacing the end segment with a connection segment drawn between said end segment point and said intersection point on said display screen.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of connecting the open shape and the object with a smooth connection segment includes the following steps:

determining the tangent at a first key point on the open shape beyond the end segment point, and creating a hypothetical line connecting the first key point and the intersection point;

determining whether the first key point has a tangent pointing to a side of the hypothetical line that is opposite the side to which the tangent at the intersection point points; and

if the first key point'"'"'s tangent points to the opposite side of the hypothetical line as the tangent at the intersection point, creating a curve between the first key point and the intersection point.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the following steps:

(i) designating the first key point as a current key point;

(ii) if the current key point'"'"'s tangent points to the same side of the hypothetical line as the tangent at the intersection point, designating the next key point on the open shape beyond the current key point as the current point, and creating a hypothetical line connecting the current key point and the intersection point;

(iii) repeating step (ii) until the current key point'"'"'s tangent points to the opposite side of the hypothetical line as the tangent at the intersection point; and

(iv) when the current key point'"'"'s tangent points to the opposite side of the hypothetical line as the tangent at the intersection point, creating a curve between the current key point and the intersection point.