System for generating hydrogen

• US 5,634,341 A
• Filed: 12/04/1995
• Issued: 06/03/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Penn State Research Foundation
• Original Assignee: Penn State Research Foundation
• Inventors: Klanchar, Martin, Hughes, Thomas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): LANGEL, WAYNE A
• Application Number:
  US08/566,486
• Time in Patent Office: 547 Days
• Field of Search: 60/673, 423/657, 423/DIG. 12
• US Class Current: 60/673
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/065 from a hydride
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/08 with metals
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 25/005 the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/129 Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 423/12 Molten media

Abstract

A process and apparatus are disclosed for generating hydrogen gas from a charge of fuel selected from the group consisting of lithium and alloys of lithium and aluminum. The charge of fuel is placed into an enclosed vessel, then heated until it is molten. A reactant consisting of water is introduced into the vessel, as by spraying from a nozzle, for reaction with the charge of fuel resulting in the production of hydrogen gas and heat which are withdrawn from the vessel. Prior to initiation of the process, an inert gas atmosphere, such as argon, may be imparted to the interior of the vessel. A sufficiently large mass flow of the reactant through the nozzle is maintained to assure that there be no diminution of flow resulting from the formation on the nozzle of fuel and chemical compounds of the fuel. Optimum charges of the fuel are application specific and the ranges of the constituents are dependent upon the particular use of the system. The process and apparatus of the invention may be incorporated into a Rankine cycle engine or into a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell system.

Claims

1. A process for generating hydrogen gas comprising the steps of:

(a) containing a charge of solid fuel selected from the group consisting of lithium, and alloys of lithium and aluminum, and alloys of lithium and aluminum and lithium hydride, and alloys of lithium and lithium hydride in an enclosed vessel defining a single chamber;

(b) sealing the vessel against further introduction of the fuel into the vessel;

(c) heating the charge of solid fuel within the vessel to a temperature at which the fuel is a molten mass and exhibits a surface;

(d) introducing to the vessel for reaction with the molten mass of fuel within the vessel a reactant consisting of water resulting in the production of hydrogen gas and heat, said step of introducing a reactant including the step of spraying the reactant through a nozzle directed at the surface of the molten fuel such that the reactant penetrates the surface thereof and causes agitation of the molten mass of fuel; and

(e) withdrawing the hydrogen gas and heat from the vessel.

2. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 1 including the step of:

(e) purging the interior of the vessel with an inert gas.

3. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 2

wherein step (e) includes the step of:

(f) imparting an argon atmosphere to the interior of the vessel.

4. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 1

wherein step (c) includes the step of:

(f) maintaining a sufficiently large mass flow of the reactant through the nozzle to assure no diminution thereof resulting from the formation thereon of fuel and chemical compounds of the fuel.

5. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 1

wherein step (d) includes the step of:

(e) filtering the hydrogen gas before it exits the vessel to remove therefrom oxides and hydroxides of lithium and aluminum which were produced in step (c).

6. A process of operating a Rankine cycle engine comprising the steps of:

(a) containing a charge of solid fuel selected from the group consisting of lithium and alloys of lithium and aluminum and alloys of lithium and aluminum and lithium hydride and alloys of lithium and lithium hydride in an enclosed vessel defining a single chamber;

(b) sealing the vessel against further introduction of the fuel in the vessel;

(c) heating the charge of solid fuel within the vessel to a temperature at which the fuel is molten and exhibits a surface;

(d) introducing to the vessel for reaction with the molten mass of fuel within the vessel a reactant consisting of water resulting in the production of hydrogen gas and heat, said step of introducing a reactant including the step of spraying the reactant through a nozzle directed at the surface of the molten fuel such that the reactant penetrates the surface thereof and causes agitation of the molten mass of fuel;

(e) withdrawing the hydrogen gas from the vessel;

(f) introducing into a burner the hydrogen gas withdrawn from the vessel according to step (e) and oxygen gas from a separate source;

(g) combusting the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas in the burner creating products of combustion; and

(h) withdrawing the products of combustion from the burner and directing them through a turbine for driving the turbine.

7. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 6 including the step of:

(e) purging the interior of the vessel with an inert gas.

8. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 7

wherein step (e) includes the step of:

(f) imparting an argon atmosphere to the interior of the vessel.

9. A process for generating hydrogen gas as set forth in claim 6

wherein step (c) includes the step of:

(f) maintaining a sufficiently large mass flow of the reactant through the nozzle to assure no diminution thereof resulting from the formation thereon of fuel and chemical compounds of the fuel.