Microelectrodes and amperometric assays
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
- (a) providing a plurality of thick-film printed electrodes on a substrate;
(b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of thick-film printed electrodes; and
(c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A photo-ablation technique is used to create apertures (4) in a layer (2) of electrically insulating material and allow electrically conducting material (3) exposed through the apertures to create a microelectrode. The microelectrode can be used for assay methods and in an assay unit.
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Citations
128 Claims
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1. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of thick-film printed electrodes on a substrate; (b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of thick-film printed electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An apparatus for heavy metal trace testing comprising:
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a plurality of thick-film printed electrodes on a substrate; a metal film electrodepositor which electrodeposits a metal film on at least one of said electrodes; and an electrochemical stripping analyzer which analyzes a sample for heavy metal content with said electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of electrodes upon a plastic substrate; (b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. An apparatus for heavy metal testing comprising:
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a plurality of electrodes upon a plastic substrate; a metal film electrodepositor which deposits a metal film on said electrodes; and an electrochemical stripping analyzer which analyzes a sample for heavy metal content with said electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of thick-film printed electrodes on a plastic substrate; (b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of thick-film printed electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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49. An apparatus for heavy metal testing comprising:
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a plurality of thick-film printed electrodes on a plastic substrate; a metal film electrodepositor which electrodeposits a metal film on at least one of said thick-film electrodes; and an electrochemical stripping analyzer which analyzes a sample for heavy metal content with said electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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59. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of electrodes screen-printed on a substrate; (c) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of screen-printed electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69)
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70. Apparatus for heavy metal trace testing comprising:
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means for providing a plurality of electrodes screen-printed on a substrate; means for electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of said plurality of screen-printed electrodes; and means for analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by electrochemical stripping analysis with said plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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81. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of printed electrodes on a substrate; (b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of printed electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90)
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91. An apparatus for heavy metal trace testing comprising:
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a plurality of printed electrodes on a substrate; a metal film electrodepositor adapted to electrodeposit a metal film on at least one of said electrodes; and an electrochemical stripping analyzer adapted to analyze a sample for heavy metal content with said electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100)
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101. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a plurality of printed electrodes on a plastic substrate; (b) electrolytically depositing a metal film upon at least one of the plurality of printed electrodes; and (c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content by using electrochemical stripping analysis with the plurality of electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110)
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111. An apparatus for heavy metal testing comprising:
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a plurality of printed electrodes on a plastic substrate; a metal film electrodepositor adapted to electrodeposit a metal film on at least one of said electrodes; and an electrochemical stripping analyzer adapted to analyze a sample for heavy metal content with said electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120)
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121. A method of analyzing trace metals comprising the steps of:
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a) providing a plurality of flat printed electrodes; b) coating at least one of the plurality of flat printed electrodes with a metal film; and c) analyzing a sample for heavy metal content with the plurality of electrodes; wherein said step of providing a plurality of flat printed electrodes further comprises the step of providing at least one flat screen-printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and at least one flat screen-printed carbon electrode. - View Dependent Claims (122, 123, 124)
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125. An apparatus for heavy metal trace testing comprising:
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means for providing a plurality of flat printed electrodes; means for coating at least one of said plurality of flat printed electrodes with a metal film; and means for analyzing a sample for heavy metal content with said plurality of electrodes; wherein said means for providing at least one of said plurality of flat printed electrodes comprises means for providing at least one flat screen-printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and at least one flat screen-printed carbon electrode. - View Dependent Claims (126, 127, 128)
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Specification