Lossless snubber circuit for use in power converters

• US 5,636,114 A
• Filed: 11/30/1995
• Issued: 06/03/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lambda EMI Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Electronic Measurements, Inc.
• Inventors: Prasad, Atluri R., Justo, Chadd D., Bhagwat, Pradeep M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Krishnan, Aditya
• Application Number:
  US08/565,553
• Time in Patent Office: 551 Days
• Field of Search: 363/79-82, 363/89, 363/222-225, 363/226, 363/55-56
• US Class Current: 363/56.12
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/34 Snubber circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/346 Passive non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/44 Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/335 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/08142 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0036 Means reducing energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching power converter employing a novel lossless zero-voltage-switching passive snubber network having a power range of up to 5 KW is presented. The passive snubber network improves efficiency, power density, and transient performance, reduces switching losses and EMI, and permits fixed frequency operation of the switching power converter. The passive snubber network also reduces and/or eliminates large peak currents and reverse recovery current spikes normally seen in conventional switching power converters. The proposed passive snubber network may be used in various switching power converter topologies such as boost, buck, balanced, and flyback power converters.

Claims

1. A snubber network for use with a device for converting power from an input voltage source to be supplied to an output load via a first inductor and a first diode, based on a duty cycle of a switching signal supplied to a controllable switch, the snubber network comprising:

a) a first series connection of an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor;

b) a second series connection of a capacitor and a diode; and

c) a third series connection of a diode and an inductor, the third series connection arranged between the first and second series connection such that the inductor of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the diode and the capacitor of the first series connection and the diode of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the capacitor and the diode of the second series connection.

2. The snubber network of claim 1 wherein the inductor of the third series connection is coupled with the cathode of the diode of the first series connection and wherein the cathode of the diode of the third series connection is coupled with the anode of the diode of the second series connection.

11. The snubber network of claim 2 wherein the device for converting is a boost power converter.

12. The snubber network of claim 2 wherein the device for converting is a buck power converter.

13. The snubber network of claim 2 wherein the device for converting is a forward power converter.

14. The snubber network of claim 2 wherein the device for converting is a flyback power converter.

18. The snubber network of claim 13 wherein when the controllable switch is closed, voltage stored in the capacitor of the first series connection decreases from the output voltage to zero and when the controllable switch is opened, the voltage stored in the capacitor of the first series connection quickly increases to the output voltage.

19. The snubber network of claim 18 wherein the voltage of the first series connection overshoots the output voltage.

3. In a power conversion circuit which converts an input voltage to an output voltage supplied across a load based on a duty cycle of a switching signal supplied to a controllable switch, and which includes an inductor and a diode arranged in a main current path and a capacitor arranged across the load, a snubber network comprising:

a) a first series connection of an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor, the first series connection being coupled across the controllable switch of the power conversion circuit;

b) a second series connection of a capacitor and a diode, the second series connection being arranged such that the cathode of the diode of the second series connection is coupled with the output voltage; and

c) a third series connection of a diode and an inductor, the third series connection arranged between the first and second series connection such that the inductor of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the diode and the capacitor of the first series connection and the diode of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the capacitor and the diode of the second series connection.

4. The snubber network of claim 3 further comprising a further inductor coupled with the cathode of the diode of the power conversion circuit.

5. The snubber network of claim 3 wherein when the controllable switch is closed, voltage stored in the capacitor of the second series connection increases to the output voltage and when the controllable switch is opened, the voltage stored in the capacitor of the second series connection decreases to zero.

6. The snubber network of claim 5 wherein when the controllable switch is closed, voltage stored in the capacitor of the first series connection decreases from the output voltage to zero and when the controllable switch is opened, the voltage stored in the capacitor of the first series connection quickly increases to the output voltage.

7. The snubber network of claim 6 wherein the voltage of the first series connection overshoots the output voltage.

8. The snubber network of claim 3 wherein, at the instant when the controllable switch is opened, current through the controllable switch is relatively low such that switching losses are minimized.

9. The snubber network of claim 3 wherein, at the instant when the controllable switch is closed, voltage across the controllable switch is relatively low such that switching losses are minimized.

10. The snubber network of claim 3 further comprising a clamping diode coupled across the capacitor of the first series connection.

15. In a power conversion circuit which converts an input voltage to an output voltage supplied across a load based on a duty cycle of a switching signal supplied to a controllable switch, and which includes an inductor and a diode arranged in a main current path and a capacitor arranged across the load, a snubber network comprising:

a) a first series connection of an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor, the first series connection being coupled across the controllable switch of the power conversion circuit;

b) a second series connection of a capacitor and a diode, the second series connection being arranged such that the cathode of the diode of the second series connection is coupled with the input voltage; and

c) a third series connection of a diode and an inductor, the third series connection arranged between the first and second series connection such that the inductor of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the diode and the capacitor of the first series connection and the diode of the third series connection is coupled at a node between the capacitor and the diode of the second series connection.

16. The snubber network of claim 15 further comprising a further inductor coupled with the cathode of the diode of the power conversion circuit.

17. The snubber network of claim 15 wherein when the controllable switch is closed, voltage stored in the capacitor of the second series connection increases to the output voltage and when the controllable switch is opened, the voltage stored in the capacitor of the second series connection decreases to zero.

20. The snubber network of claim 15 wherein, at the instant when the controllable switch is opened, current through the controllable switch is relatively low such that switching losses are minimized.

21. The snubber network of claim 15 wherein, at the instant when the controllable switch is closed, voltage across the controllable switch is relatively low such that switching losses are minimized.

22. The snubber network of claim 15 further comprising a clamping diode coupled across the capacitor of the first series connection.