Method and apparatus for reducing cold-phase emissions by utilizing oxygen-enriched intake air

• US 5,636,619 A
• Filed: 02/07/1996
• Issued: 06/10/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: U Chicago Argonne, LLC
• Original Assignee: University of Chicago
• Inventors: Stork, Kevin C., Poola, Ramesh B., Sekar, Ramanujam R.
• Primary Examiner(s): KAMEN, NOAH P
• Application Number:
  US08/598,029
• Time in Patent Office: 489 Days
• Field of Search: 123/585, 123/26, 123/567
• US Class Current: 123/585
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/18 Specific valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2319/04 Elements in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/22 by diffusion manufacturing semi-permeable membranes B01D67/00; form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes B01D69/00; material for semi-permeable membranes B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/229 Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/32 by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/92 of engine exhaust gases exhaust or silencing apparatus for internal combustion engines, machines or engines in general, having means for purifying, rendering innocuous or otherwise treating exhaust gases F01N3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/02 Hollow fibre modules
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/088 giving rise to electric discharges for heating purposes H05B7/00; for the production of ozone C01B13/11, H01T19/00
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2430/04 by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2570/14 Nitrogen oxides
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/08 for rendering innocuous using electric or electrostatic separators F01N3/01; chemical aspects B01D53/92
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/0892 Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components electric filters F01N3/01; regeneration of exhaust filters F01N3/023; heating catalytic converters F01N3/2006
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/10 by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust by using other chemical processes, chemical aspects of catalytic conversion, e.g. using specified catalysts, B01D53/34
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 1/04 with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/12 peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 25/12 the apparatus having means for generating such gases using rays and simultaneously generating ozone F02M27/06
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/30 of perfluorocarbons [PFC], hydrofluorocarbons [HFC] or sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

An oxygen-enriched air intake control system for an internal combustion engine includes air directing apparatus to control the air flow into the intake of the engine. During normal operation of the engine, ambient air flowing from an air filter of the engine flows through the air directing apparatus into the intake of the engine. In order to decrease the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions that tend to be produced by the engine during a short period of time after the engine is started, the air directing apparatus diverts for a short period of time following the start up of the engine at least a portion of the ambient air from the air filter through a secondary path. The secondary path includes a selectively permeable membrane through which the diverted portion of the ambient air flows. The selectively permeable membrane separates nitrogen and oxygen from the diverted air so that oxygen enriched air containing from about 23% to 25% oxygen by volume is supplied to the intake of the engine.

Claims

1. An air control system for an internal combustion engine for supplying ambient air from an air inlet means and/or oxygen enriched air to an air intake of said engine so as to limit pollutants in exhaust gases emitted by said engine, said air control system comprising:

a first air flow means through which said ambient air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air inlet means;

a second air flow means having an oxygen enrichment means for producing oxygen enriched air from said ambient air; and

air directing means associated with said first and second air flow means for controlling the flow of air in said first and second air flow means, said air directing means having at least one state wherein said ambient air flows in said first air flow means to said air intake of said engine and having at least a second state wherein at least a portion of said ambient air is diverted from said first air flow means to said second air flow means through said oxygen enrichment means and into an air plenum wherein oxygen enriched air from said oxygen enrichment means is stored and from which oxygen enriched air is supplied to said air intake of said engine when said air directing means is in said second state.

2. An air control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air plenum means receives said ambient air from said first air flow means and said oxygen enriched air from said second air flow means, said air plenum means supplying said ambient air to said air intake of said engine when said air directing means is in said one state and a mixture of said ambient air and said oxygen enriched air into said air intake of said engine when said air directing means is in said second state.

3. An air control system for an internal combustion engine for supplying ambient air from an air inlet means and/or oxygen enriched air to an air intake of said engine so as to limit pollutants in exhaust gases emitted by said engine, said air control system comprising:

a first air flow means through which said ambient air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air inlet means;

a second air flow means having an oxygen enrichment means for producing oxygen enriched air from said ambient air; and

air directing means associated with said first and second air flow means for controlling the flow of air in said first and second air flow means, said air directing means including first and second bypass valves having a first mode wherein said ambient air flows in said first air flow means through said first bypass valve and said second bypass valve to said air intake of said engine and a second mode wherein said ambient air is diverted by said first bypass valve to flow through said second air flow means including said oxygen enrichment means so that oxygen enriched air is supplied through said second bypass valve into said air intake of said engine.

4. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein first and second bypass valves are in said second mode for a predetermined period of time following the start-up of said engine.

5. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said oxygen enriched air from said oxygen enrichment means flows into an air plenum and oxygen enriched air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air plenum through said second bypass valve.

6. An air control system as set forth in claim 5 wherein said air plenum includes a pressure relief valve to limit the amount of air pressure within said air plenum.

7. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said oxygen enrichment means includes a selectively permeable membrane for separating nitrogen from ambient air so that oxygen enriched air is produced.

8. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said oxygen enrichment means includes hollow polymer fibers that separate nitrogen and oxygen from ambient air.

9. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said oxygen enrichment means produces oxygen enriched air containing about 23%-25% oxygen by volume.

10. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 including a vacuum means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to establish a differential pressure across said oxygen enrichment means so that said ambient air flows through said oxygen enrichment means.

11. An air control system as set forth in claim 10 including a blower means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to aid in establishing said differential pressure across said oxygen enrichment means.

12. An air control system as set forth in claim 3 including a compressor means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to cause said ambient air to flow through said oxygen enrichment means.

13. An air control system for an internal combustion engine for supplying ambient air from an air inlet means and/or oxygen enriched air to an air intake of said engine so as to limit pollutants in exhaust gases emitted by said engine, said air control system comprising:

a first air flow means through which said ambient air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air inlet means;

a second air flow means having an oxygen enrichment means for producing oxygen enriched air from said ambient air, said oxygen enrichment means includes hollow polymer fibers that are in fiber bundles disposed in cartridges within an outer housing and that separate nitrogen and oxygen from ambient air.

14. An air control system as set forth in claim 13 wherein said hollow polymer fibers are formed of perfluorodioxole membrane material.

15. An air control system for an internal combustion engine for supplying ambient air from an air inlet means and/or oxygen enriched air to an air intake of said engine so as to limit pollutants in exhaust gases emitted by said engine, said air control system comprising:

a first air flow means through which said ambient air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air inlet means;

a second air flow means having an oxygen enrichment means for producing oxygen enriched air from said ambient air; and

first and second air bypass means in said first and second air flow means for controlling the flow of air in said first and second air flow means, said first air bypass means having at least first and second states and said second air bypass means having at least first and second states with said ambient air flowing through said first air bypass means, said first air flow means and said second air bypass means to said air intake of said engine when said first and second air bypass means are in said first state and with at least a portion of said ambient air being diverted from said first air flow means to said second air flow means by said first air bypass means through said oxygen enrichment means and through said second air bypass means to said air intake of said engine when said first and second air bypass means are in said second state so as to provide said air intake of said engine with oxygen enriched air.

16. An air control system as set forth in claim 15 wherein said oxygen enrichment means includes hollow polymer fibers that separate nitrogen and oxygen from ambient air.

17. An air control system as set forth in claim 15 wherein said oxygen enrichment means produces oxygen enriched air containing about 23%-25% oxygen by volume.

18. An air control system as set forth in claim 15 including a vacuum means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to establish a differential pressure across said oxygen enrichment means so that said ambient air flows through said oxygen enrichment means.

19. An air control system as set forth in claim 18 including a blower means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to aid in establishing said differential pressure across said oxygen enrichment means.

20. An air control system as set forth in claim 15 including a compressor means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to cause said ambient air to flow through said oxygen enrichment means.

21. An air control system for an internal combustion engine for supplying ambient air from an air inlet means and/or oxygen enriched air to an air intake of said engine so as to limit pollutants in exhaust gases emitted by said engine, said air control system comprising:

a first air flow means through which said ambient air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air inlet means;

a second air flow means having an oxygen enrichment means for producing oxygen enriched air from said ambient air;

an air plenum means in fluid communication with said first air flow means, said second air flow means and said air intake of said engine; and

air bypass means in said first and second air flow means for controlling the flow of air in said first and second air flow means, said air bypass means having at least first and second states with said ambient air flowing through said first air bypass means, said first air flow means and said air plenum means to said air intake of said engine when said air bypass means is in said first state and with a portion of said ambient air being diverted from said first air flow means to said second air flow means by said air bypass means through said oxygen enrichment means so that oxygen enriched air is supplied to said air plenum means so as to be combined with said ambient air from said first air flow means whereby oxygen enriched air is supplied to said air intake of said engine from said air plenum means when said air bypass means is in said second state.

22. An air control system as set forth in claim 21 including a blower means and a vacuum means associated with said oxygen enrichment means in said second air flow means to establish a differential pressure across said oxygen enrichment means so that said ambient air flows through said oxygen enrichment means.