Self diagnosing ignition control

• US 5,636,620 A
• Filed: 05/22/1996
• Issued: 06/10/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/22/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Kiess, Ronald J., Bracken, Norman H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dolinar, Andrew M.
• Application Number:
  US08/651,320
• Time in Patent Office: 384 Days
• Field of Search: 123/625, 123/630, 123/637, 123/643, 73/116, 73/117.3, 324/399
• US Class Current: 123/625
• CPC Class Codes: F02P 17/12 Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current testing of sparking plugs H01T13/60
• CPC Class Codes: F02P 2017/123 Generating additional sparks for diagnostics
• CPC Class Codes: F02P 9/007 by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition

Abstract

A self-diagnosing ignition drive circuit for applying a first ignition drive signal to a spark plug in an internal combustion engine cylinder for generating an arc across the electrodes thereof to ignite an air/fuel mixture in the cylinder and, following a delay period, applying a second ignition drive signal to the spark plug for generating a second arc across the electrodes to contribute combustion energy and to provide for measurement of the frequency content of energy trapped in an ignition coil during combustion. If the frequency content includes a predetermined frequency, improper ignition in the cylinder is diagnosed through excitation of a natural frequency of a misfire detection circuit coupled to the ignition coil corresponding to at least one engine cylinder.

Claims

1. A self-diagnosing ignition control apparatus for driving sequential first and second drive signals across spaced electrodes of a spark plug in an engine cylinder to ignite an air/fuel mixture in the engine cylinder and to diagnose improper ignition of the air/fuel mixture, comprising:

a double strike ignition drive circuit having an ignition coil for delivering sequential first and second drive signals to the spark plug producing respective first and second arcs across the spark plug electrodes, the first arc for igniting the air/fuel mixture and the second arc for measuring a frequency band of energy trapped in the ignition coil;

a measurement circuit coupled to the ignition coil and having a network with a predetermined natural frequency, the network disposed between a terminal of the ignition coil and a ground reference, wherein the second drive signal includes a frequency component substantially at the predetermined natural frequency when improper ignition occurs and wherein the second drive signal does not include a frequency component at the predetermined natural frequency when proper ignition occurs; and

the measurement circuit further comprising diagnostic circuitry for diagnosing the improper ignition by distinguishing excitation of the natural frequency of the network when a frequency component is present in the second drive signal substantially at the predetermined natural frequency.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network comprises an inductor-capacitor network tuned to the predetermined natural frequency and including a parallel combination of an inductor and a capacitor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network comprises an inductor-resistor-capacitor network tuned to the predetermined natural frequency and including a capacitor coupled in parallel with a series combination of a resistor and inductor.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a sensor for sensing a value of a predetermined engine parameter; and

control circuitry for determining a time delay between the sequential first and second drive signals as a predetermined function of the sensed value.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the predetermined engine parameter is engine speed.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement circuit further comprises:

a measurement circuit output terminal; and

a rectifier coupled between the output terminal and the network for rectifying the network output into a unipolar signal provided at the output terminal.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising comparator circuitry for comparing the unipolar signal to a threshold signal magnitude and indicating improper ignition when the magnitude of the unipolar signal exceeds the threshold signal magnitude following the production of the second arc across the spark plug electrodes.

8. A self-diagnosing ignition control circuit for applying ignition drive signals to a spark plug with spaced electrodes in an internal combustion engine cylinder for igniting an air/fuel mixture in the engine cylinder, comprising:

an ignition drive circuit including an ignition coil with opposing upper and lower electrical terminals, the upper electrical terminal coupled to the spark plug for applying sequential first and second drive signals to the spark plug for generating first and second arcs across the spaced electrodes;

a misfire detection circuit having an input terminal, an output terminal and a network coupled between the input terminal and a ground reference, the input terminal coupled to the lower electrical terminal of the ignition coil, the network being tuned to a predetermined frequency; and

the predetermined frequency selected as a frequency that is present in said drive signals at the lower electrical terminal in the absence of combustion in the engine cylinder and that is not present in said drive signals in the presence of combustion in the engine cylinder;

wherein presence of the predetermined frequency in the second drive signal excites frequency of the network, causing a signal perturbation at the output terminal of the misfire detection circuit indicating improper combustion of the air/fuel mixture.

9. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising:

a sensor for sensing a parameter indicating an engine operating condition; and

control circuitry for generating a time delay between the sequential first and second drive signals as a predetermined function of the sensed parameter.

10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the network further comprises:

an L-C network comprising a parallel combination of an inductance and a capacitance, the inductance and capacitance selected so the natural frequency of the L-C network corresponds to the predetermined frequency.

11. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the network further comprises:

an L-R-C network comprising a series combination of an electrical resistance and an electrical inductance, the series combination in parallel with an electrical capacitance, the electrical inductance, resistance, and capacitance being selected so the natural frequency of the L-R-C network corresponds to the predetermined frequency.

12. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the misfire detection circuit further comprises a rectifier element coupled between the network and the output terminal of the misfire detection circuit for rectifying the signal passed from the second terminal of the ignition coil through the network into a unipolar signal.

13. The circuit of claim 12, further comprising circuitry for comparing the unipolar signal at the output terminal of the misfire detection circuit to a predetermined signal threshold and for indicating improper combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the engine cylinder when the unipolar signal exceeds the predetermined signal threshold following application of the second drive signal to the spark plug.

14. The circuit of claim 8, for applying ignition drive signals to a plurality of spark plugs, each of the plurality having spaced electrodes and corresponding to an individual one of N engine cylinders for igniting an air/fuel mixture in the individual one of N engine cylinders, further comprising:

a plurality of transformers coupled to the upper electrical terminal of the ignition coil, each of the plurality of transformers assigned to an engine cylinder having an enable switch for enabling the corresponding transformer;

control circuitry for identifying an active cylinder and for driving the enable switch for the transformer assigned to the active cylinder to a predetermined state allowing for application of the first and second drive signals to be applied to the spark plug of the active cylinder across the transformer assigned thereto; and

the plurality of transformers having an ignition coil with a lower electrical terminal, the lower electrical terminals of the plurality of transformers being coupled together and to the input terminal of the misfire detection circuit.