Gamma camera split collimator collimation method and apparatus

• US 5,638,817 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 06/17/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Inventors: Lexa, Roger N., Plummer, Steven J., Morgan, Hugh T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lateef, Marvin M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SHAW, SHAWNA JEANNINE
• Application Number:
  US08/483,276
• Time in Patent Office: 741 Days
• Field of Search: 128/653.1, 128/633, 250/363.01-363.1, 250/370.08-370.11, 378/62, 378/145, 378/147, 378/148, 378/150, 364/413.19, 364/413.22, 364/413.14, 364/413.24
• US Class Current: 600/425
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1615 using both transmission and emission sources simultaneously SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1648 Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices adapted for flow studies G01T1/1647
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/025 using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation

Abstract

A SPECT system includes two or more radiation detector heads (32) and (34) which are mounted opposite each other to a gantry (30) for rotation about a subject. Each detector head has a collimator (38) mounted in front of the detector head. The collimator (38) is separated into a top portion (40) and a bottom portion (42). The top portion (40) and bottom portion (42) are spaced from each other to provide a gap (44) within the collimator (38). The gap (44) receives one or more devices to provide additional functionality during a scan. The insertable devices include a transmission radiation source (52), a calibration source, a radiation filter, and others.

Claims

1. A diagnostic imaging system comprising:

a gantry for movably supporting a detector head, the detector head receiving radiation from an examination region and generating data indicative thereof;

a detector collimator disposed between a radiation receiving face of the detector head and the examination region for collimating the radiation received by the detector head, the collimator being separated laterally into a first portion and a second portion both extending laterally across the detector, the first portion and the second portion being spaced from each other defining a lateral gap therebetween such that the radiation from the examination region is collimated through both the first and second portions of the collimator before being received by the detector head; and

,

a reconstruction processor for reconstructing an image representation from the data generated.

2. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 1 further including a means for selectively positioning the first portion relative to the second portion.

3. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the first and second portions have septa which define holes of a common size, the first portion being mounted with its septa aligned with the septa of the second portion.

4. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first portion includes a first collimation pattern and the second portion includes a second collimation pattern different from the first collimation pattern.

5. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 1 further including a construction disposed in the gap defined between the first and second portions for movement along the gap.

7. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 1 further including:

a source holder of a radiation blocking material movably mounted in the gap for lateral movement there across, the source holder defining a groove in which a line radiation source is mounted.

8. The diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 7 wherein the groove is defined by parallel side walls, which side walls collimate radiation emitted by the line source.

6. A diagnostic imaging system comprising:

a gantry for movably supporting a detector head, the detector head receiving radiation from an examination region and generating data indicative thereof;

a collimator disposed between a radiation receiving face of the detector head and the examination region for collimating the radiation received by the detector head, the collimator being separated laterally into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion being spaced from each other defining a lateral gap therebetween;

one of a transmission radiation source, a calibration source, a radiation filter, an ion chamber, and a screen film imaging device disposed in the gap; and

a reconstruction processor for reconstructing an image representation from the data generated.

9. In a diagnostic imaging system for examining a subject in an examination region who has been injected with a radiopharmaceutical having a first characteristic energy level, the imaging system including at least one detector head mounted adjacent the examination region for receiving emission radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceutical and a reconstruction processor for reconstructing an image representation based on the radiation received by the at least one detector head, the improvement comprising:

a collimator having a first portion and a second portion both disposed between the examination region and the detector head and the first portion extending along a radiation receiving face of the detector and the second portion extending along the first portion, the first and second collimator portions being spaced to define a gap therebetween.

10. In a diagnostic imaging system for examining a subject in an examination region who has been injected with a radiopharmaceutical having a first characteristic energy level, the imaging system including at least one detector head mounted adjacent the examination region for receiving emission radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceutical and a reconstruction processor for reconstructing an image representation based on the radiation received by the at least one detector head, the improvement comprising:

a collimator having a first portion and a second portion disposed between the examination region and the detector head, the first and second collimator portions being spaced to define a gap therebetween; and

a radiation source disposed within the gap between the first and second portions of the collimator.

11. In the diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 10, the improvement further including a means for selectively translating the radiation source across the gap.

12. In the diagnostic imaging system as set forth in claim 10, the improvement further including a generally U-shaped radiation blocking element which carries the radiation source therein, the generally U-shaped element having an opening disposed toward the first portion of the collimator and being closed toward the second portion of the collimator, such that radiation is transmitted through the first portion of the collimator.

13. A method of diagnostic imaging with a camera system including a detector head for receiving radiation traversing an examination region, the detector head having a collimator mounted on a radiation receiving face thereof between the detector head and the examination region, the method comprising:

providing a lateral gap parallel to the radiation receiving face within the collimator;

injecting a radiopharmaceutical into a subject in the examination region, the radiopharmaceutical emitting radiation;

moving the detector head around the examination region;

collimating the emitted radiation through the collimator; and

,

receiving the emitted radiation with the detector head.

14. The method of diagnostic imaging as set forth in claim 13 further including moving a transmission radiation source along the collimator gap.

15. A method of diagnostic imaging with a camera system including a detector head for receiving radiation traversing an examination region, the detector head having a collimator mounted on a radiation receiving face thereof, the collimator having a lateral gap defined between a first portion of the collimator and a second portion of the collimator disposed between the examination region and the radiation receiving face of the detector head, and a transmission radiation source moveably mounted in the gap, the method comprising:

injecting a radiopharmaceutical into a subject in the examination region, the radiopharmaceutical emitting radiation;

translating the transmission radiation source through the gap such that (1) a portion of the radiation from the radiation source is transmitted through the first collimator portion to the subject and (2) a portion of the radiation is backscattered, strikes the second collimator portion at an angle, and is absorbed by the second collimator portion;

moving the detector head around the examination region;

collimating the emitted radiation through the collimator; and

,

receiving the emitted radiation with the detector head.

16. A detector collimator for diagnostic imaging systems which includes a detector head having a radiation receiving face for receiving radiation from a subject injected with a radiopharmaceutical, which radiation has passed through the detector collimator, the collimator comprising:

a first collimator section including a plurality of septa extending between a subject facing surface and a detector facing surface of the first collimator section;

a second collimator section including a plurality of septa extending between a subject facing surface and a detector facing surface of the second collimator section; and

,

a mechanical structure that joins the first and second collimator sections in a spaced relationship with a space in between, the first and second collimator sections both being disposed parallel to the radiation receiving face between the subject and the detector head.

17. The detector collimator as set forth in claim 16 further including at least one of a transmission radiation source, a calibration source, a radiation filter, an ion chamber, and a screen film imaging device disposed within a space between the first and second collimator sections.

18. The detector collimator as set forth in claim 16 wherein a radiation line source is movably mounted within a space between the first and second collimator sections.