Method and apparatus for offset frequency estimation for a coherent receiver

• US 5,640,431 A
• Filed: 03/10/1995
• Issued: 06/17/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ling, Fuyun, Sexton, Thomas A., Bruckert, Eugene J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bocure, Tesfaldet
• Assistant Examiner(s): WEBSTER, BRYAN E
• Application Number:
  US08/402,260
• Time in Patent Office: 830 Days
• Field of Search: 375/200, 375/201, 375/208, 375/209, 375/210, 375/344, 375/346, 375/349, 327/113, 331/40, 332/126, 334/29, 342/199, 348/536, 348/735, 381/98, 455/71, 455/75, 455/136, 455/139, 455/255
• US Class Current: 375/344
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7087 Carrier synchronisation aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/709 Correlator structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/003 at baseband only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0046 Open loops
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0065 Frequency error detectors H04L2027/0067 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0079 Switching between loops
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2332 using a non-coherent carrier

Abstract

A method and apparatus for improved offset frequency estimation includes in a first embodiment a receiver (100) for coherent reception of a signal having known reference information, the receiver including an extractor (106) for extracting the reference information (107) from the signal, and an offset frequency estimator (110). The offset frequency estimator (110) includes a filter (121) for filtering the reference information and outputting a filtered reference sequence; a correlator (122, 124) for correlating the filtered reference sequence against a predetermined reference signal to form correlation values; and a peak detector (126) for determining an offset frequency estimate (131) from the correlation values. Other embodiments are also shown.

Claims

1. A method for offset frequency estimation of a received signal having known reference information, the method comprising:

(a) extracting the reference information from the received signal;

(b) filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference sequence;

(c) correlating the filtered reference sequence against a predetermined reference signal to form correlation values, the predetermined reference signal being a sequence of noiseless candidates, each candidate of the sequence of noiseless candidates having a greater increase in phase per a predetermined unit of time than a preceding candidate; and

(d) determining an offset signal characteristic estimate from the correlation values.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein

step (c) further comprises correlating each of the candidates against the filtered reference sequence to form a correlation value for each corresponding candidate.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the offset signal characteristic estimate is an offset frequency estimate, and:

step (d) further comprises detecting a peak correlation value, and determining the offset frequency estimate based on a predetermined value of the candidate corresponding to the peak correlation value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined value is a time rate of phase change measure of the candidate corresponding to the peak correlation value.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein step (c) comprises performing a discrete Fourier transform of the filtered reference sequence.

6. The method of claim 3, further comprising, after the received signal has been initially acquired:

(e) filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference signal and forming a delayed replica of the filtered reference signal;

(f) conjugating the filtered reference signal to form a conjugate signal and correlating the delayed replica with the conjugate signal to form a further correlation value;

(g) filtering the correlation value to form a filtered correlation value and determining an offset angle of the filtered correlation value; and

(h) integrating the further correlation value with a predetermined offset angle to form a further offset signal characteristic estimate.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined offset angle is the offset signal characteristic estimate.

8. The method of claim 3, further comprising, after the received signal has been initially acquired:

(e) filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference signal;

(f) correlating each of a further sequence of candidates, wherein each of the further sequence of candidates has a different predetermined angular value from each of the others of the further sequence of candidates, with the filtered reference signal to form plural quality estimates; and

(g) determining a further offset signal characteristic estimate from the predetermined angular value of a first one of the further sequence of candidates corresponding to a best of the plural quality estimates.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtered reference sequence includes plural members and the predetermined reference signal is a conjugate representation of a last member of the filtered reference sequence, and:

step (c) comprises correlating each of the plural members against the conjugate representation.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the offset signal characteristic estimate is an offset frequency estimate, and:

step (d) further comprises determining a time lag value from the correlation values, and scaling a reciprocal of the time lag value by a predetermined scaling amount to form the offset frequency estimate.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the time lag value in step (d) further comprises performing a zero crossing search, for each one of the correlation values, for at least one of the group consisting of a real and an imaginary part of said each one of the correlation values, and determining the time lag value based on a known lag amount for at least one member of the filtered reference sequence corresponding to a zero crossing value.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the time lag value in step (d) further comprises performing a zero crossing search, for each one of the correlation values, for at least one of the group consisting of a real and an imaginary part of said each one of the correlation values, determining a known lag amount for each member of the filtered reference sequence which corresponds to a zero crossing value from a last member of the filtered reference sequence, and determining the time lag value based on plural of the known lag amounts.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein, after the received signal has been initially acquired, step (c) comprises correlating only each of a subset of the plural members against the conjugate representation.

14. A receiver for coherent reception of a first signal having known reference information and an extractor for extracting the reference information from the first signal, the receiver including an offset frequency estimator comprising:

(a) filtering means for filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference sequence;

(c) correlating means for correlating the filtered reference sequence against a predetermined reference signal to form correlation values, the predetermined reference signal being a sequence of noiseless candidates, each candidate of the sequence of noiseless candidates having a greater increase in phase per a predetermined unit of time than a preceding candidate; and

(d) determining means for determining an offset signal characteristic estimate from the correlation values.

15. The receiver of claim 14, wherein the offset signal characteristic estimate is an offset frequency estimate, and:

the correlating means is further operable for correlating each of the candidates against the filtered reference sequence to form a correlation value for each corresponding candidate; and

the determining means is further operable for detecting a peak correlation value, and determining the offset frequency estimate based on a predetermined value of the candidate corresponding to the peak correlation value.

16. The receiver of claim 15, further comprising:

(e) first filter means for filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference signal and forming a delayed replica of the filtered reference signal;

(f) conjugating means for conjugating the filtered reference signal to form a conjugate signal and correlating the delayed replica with the conjugate signal to form a further correlation value;

(g) second filter means for filtering the correlation value to form a filtered correlation value and determining an offset angle of the filtered correlation value; and

(h) integrating means for integrating the further correlation value with a predetermined offset angle to form a further offset signal characteristic estimate.

17. The receiver of claim 15, further comprising:

(e) filter means for filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference signal;

(f) further correlating means for correlating each of a further sequence of candidates, wherein each of the further sequence of candidates has a different predetermined angular value from each of the others of the further sequence of candidates, with the filtered reference signal to form plural quality estimates; and

(g) further determining means for determining a further offset signal characteristic estimate from the predetermined angular value of a first one of the further sequence of candidates corresponding to a best of the plural quality estimates.

18. The receiver of claim 14, wherein the filtered reference sequence includes plural members, the predetermined reference signal is a conjugate representation of a last member of the filtered reference sequence, the offset signal characteristic estimate is an offset frequency estimate, and:

the correlating means is further operable for correlating each of the plural members against the conjugate representation; and

the determining means is further operable for determining a time lag value from the correlation values, and scaling a reciprocal of the time lag value by a predetermined scaling amount to form the offset frequency estimate.

19. The receiver of claim 18, wherein the correlating means is further operable, after the received signal has been initially acquired, for correlating only each of a subset of the plural members against the conjugate representation.

20. A receiver for coherent reception of a first signal having known reference information and an extractor for extracting the reference information from the first signal, the receiver including an offset frequency estimator comprising:

(a) a filter coupled to the reference signal extractor being operable for filtering the reference information to output a filtered reference sequence;

(b) a correlator coupled to the filter being operable for correlating each of a sequence of candidates, each candidate having a greater increase in phase per a predetermined unit of time than a preceding candidate, against the filtered reference sequence to form a correlation value for each corresponding candidate; and

(c) a peak detector coupled to the correlator being operable for determining a peak correlation value from the correlation values and determining an offset frequency estimate based on a predetermined value of the candidate corresponding to the peak correlation value.