Transmitter with improved compensation

• US 5,642,301 A
• Filed: 01/25/1994
• Issued: 06/24/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Rosemount Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Rosemount Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Warrior, Jogesh, Brigham, Scott E., Lenz, Gary A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wachsman, Hal D.
• Application Number:
  US08/186,288
• Time in Patent Office: 1,246 Days
• Field of Search: 364/571.01, 364/571.02, 364/553, 364/554, 364/550, 364/162, 364/148, 364/510, 364/551.01, 364/557, 364/558, 364/138, 364/139, 395/3, 395/61, 395/900, 395/906, 395/10, 395/908, 395/904, 395/907, 395/912, 395/914, 395/915, 395/932, 73/861.01, 73/861.48, 73/497, 73/861.02, 73/861.03, 340/870.03, 340/870.06, 340/870.11-870.14, 340/870.17, 340/870.3, 340/500, 340/501, 340/307, 340/825.06
• US Class Current: 702/104
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 18/00 Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 3/022 having an ideal characteristic, map or correction data stored in a digital memory
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 3/0365 the undesired influence being measured using a separate sensor, which produces an influence related signal
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 706/90 Fuzzy logic
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 706/906 Process plant

Abstract

A circuit for compensating variables in a measurement transmitter. Within the transmitter, a sensor senses a primary process variable such as differential pressure and a converter digitizes the sensed process variable. The sensor senses pressures within a span of pressures values. A memory inside the transmitter stores at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span. The memory also stores a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function. A selection circuit in the transmitter selects those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable and a correction circuit provides at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function. A weighting circuit multiplies each correction value by its corresponding selected membership function, and combines the multiplicands to provide a compensated process variable. The compensated process variable is coupled to a control circuit connecting the transmitter to a control system.

Claims

1. A measurement transmitter, comprising:

conversion means for sensing a process variable related to pressure within a span of process variable values and for providing a digitized output representative of the sensed pressure process variable;

a memory for storing at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span, and for storing a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function;

selection means for selecting those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable;

correction means for providing at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function;

weighting means for weighting each correction value by its corresponding selected membership function, and for combining the weighted correction values to provide a compensated process variable;

an output circuit for coupling the compensated process variable to a control circuit; and

wherein there are at least three membership functions for the pressure process variable, the membership functions each having a center point corresponding to a maximum value of the membership function, where the center points are evenly spaced along the span of process variable values.

2. The transmitter of claim 1 where non-zero regions of two of the membership functions overlap each other.

3. The transmitter of claim 2 where the control circuit is a two wire current loop.

4. The transmitter of claim 3 where current in the loop has a magnitude representative of the compensated process variable.

5. The transmitter of claim 1 where the control circuit is a three wire circuit.

6. The transmitter of claim 1 where at least one membership function is triangularly shaped.

7. The transmitter of claim 1 where at least one membership function is a gaussian function.

8. The transmitter of claim 1 where the weighting means combine the correction values according to a weighted average.

9. The transmitter of claim 1 where at least one of the compensation formulas is a polynomial function.

10. The transmitter of claim 1 where the at least three membership functions each overlap at least one other membership function by 50%.

11. The transmitter of claim 1 where the conversion means include a differential pressure sensor and the conversion means provide a digitized representation of a variable related in time to the differential pressure.

12. The transmitter of claim 1 where the pressure process variable is a time dependent variable.

13. The transmitter of claim 12 where the time dependent variable is a first derivative.

14. The transmitter of claim 12 where the time dependent variable is a second derivative.

15. The transmitter of claim 12 where the time dependent variable is an integral.

16. The transmitter of claim 1 where the pressure process variable is a history dependent variable.

17. The transmitter of claim 1 where the pressure process variable is a position dependent variable.

18. The transmitter of claim 1 where the pressure process variable is a device dependent variable.

19. A transmitter in a process control system comprising:

a sensor for sensing a physical variable in the system, the physical variable taking on values within a span of values, the sensor having an output representative of the physical variable within the span;

digitizing means for digitizing the sensor output;

selection and storing means for selecting a region from a set of regions in a different portion of the span, a region becoming selected when the sensor output is included within the region, each region having a compensation formula and a membership function corresponding thereto;

computation means for retrieving the membership functions and the compensation formulas corresponding to the selected regions, and for providing the ordinates of the membership functions at the value of the sensor output and for providing the value of the compensation formulas at the value of the sensor output; and

compensation means for weighting the value of the compensation formulas by the ordinate of the corresponding membership functions so as to provide a compensated transmitter output.

20. The transmitter of claim 19 where each variable is assigned at least one membership function and the weighting means further comprise:

forming means for forming a combination of the ordinates of each of the selected membership functions, each combination comprising one ordinate related to each variable;

a fuzzy AND circuit for selecting the minimum value in each of the combinations;

where the weighting means weight each correction value by the ordinate of the corresponding membership functions to provide a compensated transmitter output.

21. The transmitter of claim 19 where an output circuit couples the compensated physical variable to a control circuit.

22. The transmitter of claim 21 wherein the transmitter couples to a two wire current loop.

24. The transmitter of claim 19 where non-zero regions of two of the membership functions overlap each other.

25. The transmitter of claim 19 where at least one membership function is triangularly shaped.

26. The transmitter of claim 19 where at least one membership function is a gaussian function.

27. The transmitter of claim 19 where at least one of the compensation formulas is a polynomial function.

28. The transmitter of claim 19 where the physical variable is selected from the group of physical variables consisting of differential pressure, position, volumetric flow, mass flow, temperature, level, density, displacement, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and ion concentration.

29. The transmitter of claim 19 wherein the physical variable comprises differential pressure.

30. The transmitter of claim 29 where there are three membership functions for the differential pressure, the membership functions each having a center point corresponding to a maximum value of the membership function, where the center points are evenly spaced along the span of physical variables values.

31. The transmitter of claim 19 wherein the physical variable comprises level.

32. The transmitter of claim 19 wherein the physical variable comprises temperature.

33. The transmitter of claim 19 wherein the physical variable comprises flow.

34. The transmitter of claim 19 wherein the physical variable comprises position.

35. The transmitter of claim 19 where there are three membership functions each overlapping at least one other membership function by 50%.

36. The transmitter of claim 19 where the physical variable is a time dependent variable.

37. The transmitter of claim 36 where the time dependent variable is a first derivative.

38. The transmitter of claim 36 where the time dependent variable is a second derivative.

39. The transmitter of claim 36 where the time dependent variable is an integral.

40. The transmitter of claim 19 where the physical variable is a history dependent variable.

41. The transmitter of claim 19 where the physical variable is a position dependent variable.

42. The transmitter of claim 19 where the physical variable is a device dependent variable.

23. The transmitter of claim 23 where current in the loop has a magnitude representative of the compensated physical variable.

43. A measurement transmitter, comprising:

conversion means for sensing a process variable related to temperature within a span of process variable values and for providing a digitized output representative of the sensed process variable;

a memory for storing at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span, and for storing a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function;

selection means for selecting those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable;

correction means for providing at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function;

weighting means for weighting each correction value by its corresponding selected membership function, and for combining the weighted correction values to provide a compensated process variable;

an output circuit for coupling the compensated process variable to a control circuit; and

wherein there are three membership functions for the temperature process variable, the membership functions each having a center point corresponding to a maximum value of the membership function, where the center points are evenly spaced along the span of process variable values.

44. The transmitter of claim 43 where non-zero regions of two of the membership functions overlap each other.

45. The transmitter of claim 43 where the control circuit is a two wire current loop.

46. The transmitter of claim 45 where current in the loop has a magnitude representative of the compensated process variable.

47. The transmitter of claim 43 where the control circuit is a three wire circuit.

48. The transmitter of claim 43 where at least one membership function is triangularly shaped.

49. The transmitter of claim 43 where at least one membership function is a gaussian function.

50. The transmitter of claim 43 where the weighting means combine the correction values according to a weighted average.

51. The transmitter of claim 43 where at least one of the compensation formulas is a polynomial function.

52. The transmitter of claim 43 where the three membership functions each overlapping at least one other membership function by 50%.

53. The transmitter of claim 43 where the conversion means include a differential pressure sensor and the conversion means provide a digitized representation of a variable related in time to the differential pressure.

54. The transmitter of claim 43 where the temperature process variable is a time dependent variable.

55. The transmitter of claim 54 where the time dependent variable is a first derivative.

56. The transmitter of claim 54 where the time dependent variable is a second derivative.

57. The transmitter of claim 54 where the time dependent variable is an integral.

58. The transmitter of claim 43 where the temperature process variable is a history dependent variable.

59. The transmitter of claim 43 where the temperature process variable is a position dependent variable.

60. The transmitter of claim 43 where the temperature process variable is a device dependent variable.

61. A measurement transmitter, comprising:

conversion meads for sensing a flow process variable within a span of process variable values and for providing a digitized output representative of the sensed process variable;

a memory for storing at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the flow process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span, and for storing a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function;

selection means for selecting those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable;

correction means for providing at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function;

weighting means for weighting each correction value by its corresponding selected membership function, and for combining the weighted correction values to provide a compensated process variable;

an output circuit for coupling the compensated process variable to a control circuit; and

wherein there are three membership functions for the flow process variable, the membership functions each having a center point corresponding to a maximum value of the membership function, where the center points are evenly spaced along the span of process variable values.

62. The transmitter of claim 61 where non-zero regions of two of the membership functions overlap each other.

63. The transmitter of claim 61 where the control circuit is two wire current loop.

64. The transmitter of claim 63 where current in the loop has magnitude representative of the compensated process variable.

65. The transmitter of claim 61 where the control circuit is a three wire circuit.

66. The transmitter of claim 61 where at least one membership function is triangularly shaped.

67. The transmitter of claim 61 where at least one membership function is a gaussian function.

68. The transmitter of claim 61 where the weighting means combine the correction values according to a weighted average.

69. The transmitter of claim 61 where at least one of the compensation formulas is a polynomial function.

70. The transmitter of claim 61 where the three membership functions each overlap at least one other membership function by 50%.

71. The transmitter of claim 61 where the conversion means include a differential pressure sensor and the conversion means provide a digitized representation of a variable related in time to the differential pressure.

72. The transmitter of claim 61 where the flow process variable is a time dependent variable.

73. The transmitter of claim 72 where the time dependent variable is a first derivative.

74. The transmitter of claim 72 where the time dependent variable is a second derivative.

75. The transmitter of claim 72 where the time dependent variable is an integral.

76. The transmitter of claim 61 where the flow process variable is a history dependent variable.

77. The transmitter of claim 61 where the flow process variable is a position dependent variable.

78. The transmitter of claim 61 where the flow process variable is a device dependent variable.

79. A measurement transmitter, comprising:

conversion means for sensing a level process variable within a span of process variable values and for providing a digitized output representative of the sensed process variable;

a memory for storing at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the level process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span, and for storing a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function;

selection means for selecting those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable;

correction means for providing at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function;

weighting means for weighting each correction value by its corresponding selected membership function, and for combining the weighted correction values to provide a compensated process variable;

an output circuit for coupling the compensated process variable to a control circuit; and

wherein there are three membership functions for the level process variable, the membership functions each having a center point corresponding to a maximum value of the membership function, where the center points are evenly spaced along the span of process variable values.

80. The transmitter of claim 79 where non-zero regions of two of the membership functions overlap each other.

81. The transmitter of claim 79 where the control circuit is a two wire current loop.

82. The transmitter of claim 81 where current in the loop has a magnitude representative of the compensated process variable.

83. The transmitter of claim 79 where the control circuit is a three wire circuit.

84. The transmitter of claim 79 where at least one membership function is triangularly shaped.

85. The transmitter of claim 79 where at least one membership function is a gaussian function.

86. The transmitter of claim 79 where the weighting means combine the correction values according to a weighted average.

87. The transmitter of claim 79 where at least one of the compensation formulas is a polynomial function.

88. The transmitter of claim 79 where the three membership functions each overlap at least one other membership function by 50%.

89. The transmitter of claim 79 where the conversion means include a differential pressure sensor and the conversion means provide a digitized representation of a variable related in time to the differential pressure.

90. The transmitter of claim 79 where the level process variable is a time dependent variable.

91. The transmitter of claim 90 where the time dependent variable is a first derivative.

92. The transmitter of claim 90 where the time dependent variable is a second derivative.

93. The transmitter of claim 90 where the time dependent variable is an integral.

94. The transmitter of claim 79 where the level process variable is a history dependent variable.

95. The transmitter of claim 79 where the level process variable is a position dependent variable.

96. The transmitter of claim 79 where the level process variable is a device dependent variable.