Helical turbine assembly operable under multidirectional fluid flow for power and propulsion systems

• US 5,642,984 A
• Filed: 05/30/1995
• Issued: 07/01/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northeastern University
• Original Assignee: Northeastern University
• Inventors: Gorlov, Alexander M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Look, Edward K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sgantzos, Mark
• Application Number:
  US08/452,824
• Time in Patent Office: 763 Days
• Field of Search: 415/53.1, 415/53.2, 415/74, 415/75, 415/86, 416/176, 416/178, 416/187, 416/198 R, 416/227 A, 416/DIG. 6, 416/DIG. 8
• US Class Current: 416/176
• CPC Class Codes: F03B 17/061 with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
• CPC Class Codes: F03B 3/00 Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 13/20 Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/02 having a plurality of rotors
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/061 characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 3/062 characterised by their construction elements
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/257 the wind motor being part of a wind farm
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/32 on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2210/16 Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/215 of the panemone or "vehicle ventilator" type
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/2212 perpendicular to wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/33 Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/40 Use of a multiplicity of similar components
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2250/25 helical
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/20 Hydro energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/30 Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/728 Onshore wind turbines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/74 Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 416/06 Supports for natural fluid current motors

Abstract

A helical turbine assembly capable of providing high speed unidirectional rotation under a multidirectional ultra low-head fluid flow is disclosed. The assembly comprises an array of helical turbine units or modules arranged, vertically or horizontally, to harness, for example, water or wind power. Each turbine unit or module comprises a plurality of helical blades having an airfoil profile. The modules for wind power may be mounted to rotatable shafts supported by lightweight structures anchored by guy wires to the ground. The helical turbine can also provide ship propulsion by utilizing the power of ocean waves. In a further embodiment, a cylindrical distributor is provided in the helical turbine to channel the fluid flow to the blades of the turbine, thereby increasing efficiency and power output. The helical turbine with distributor may be used to lift or lower a body either being submerged into a fast stream or dragged in the fluid. The turbine may also include two or more rings of helical blades to increase torque and power output.

Claims

1. A system for harnessing the energy of a multidirectional fluid flow comprising:

a rotatable shaft;

a generator in communication with said rotatable shaft; and

a plurality of helical turbine modules supported on said rotatable shaft, each turbine module comprising a turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under multidirectional fluid flow, said turbine further comprising;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft; and

plurality of turbine blades having a fixed helical configuration and mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about an axis of said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to a component of the fluid flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in the plane perpendicular to said shaft in a direction of said leading edge; and

a further plurality of turbine blades having a helical configuration and mounted concentrically with said plurality of turbine blades to said turbine blade support member for rotation about said axis of said rotatable shaft.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the helical configuration of said further plurality of turbine blades is shifted circumferentially with respect to the helical configuration of said plurality of turbine blades.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of modules are arranged vertically.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said plurality of modules are supported by a structure anchored to the ground by guy wires.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of modules are arranged horizontally.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said plurality of modules are supported at ends thereof by a lightweight structure anchored to the ground by guy wires.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of helical turbine modules is arranged to harness wind flow.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of helical turbine modules is arranged to harness water flow.

9. A system for harnessing the energy of a multidirectional fluid flow, comprising:

a turbine support disposed in a flow path of the fluid flow;

a turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under multidirectional fluid flow and mounted to said turbine support, said turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said turbine support to extend perpendicularly to a direction of fluid flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft; and

a plurality of turbine blades mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about an axis of said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the direction of fluid flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in the plane perpendicular to said shaft in the direction of said leading edge; and

a distributor comprising a cylinder disposed within said turbine blades and about said rotatable shaft to channel fluid to said turbine blades.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein said turbine blades each have a helical configuration.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein said turbine blades each have a straight configuration.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein said cylinder is concentrically arranged about said rotatable shaft.

13. The system of claim 9, wherein said cylindrical member is mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith with the same angular velocity as the shaft.

14. A system for harnessing the energy of a multidirectional fluid flow, comprising:

a turbine support disposed in a flow path of the fluid flow; and

a turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under multidirectional fluid flow and mounted to said turbine support, said turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said turbine support to extend perpendicularly to a direction of fluid flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft; and

a plurality of turbine blades having a fixed helical configuration mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about an axis of said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the direction of fluid flow, each of said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in the plane perpendicular to said shaft in the direction of said leading edge, said turbine blades comprising at least two blades, at least one of said blades having a left-handed orientation and at least another of said blades having a right-handed orientation.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a generator mounted to said turbine support in communication with said turbine.

16. A system for harnessing the energy of a multidirectional fluid flow, comprising:

a turbine support disposed in a flow path of the fluid flow; and

a turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under multidirectional fluid flow and mounted to said turbine support, said turbine comprising;

a rotatable shaft mounted to said turbine support to extend perpendicularly to a direction of fluid flow;

at least one turbine blade support member fixedly mounted to said rotatable shaft for rotation therewith in a plane perpendicular to said shaft; and

a plurality of turbine blades having a helical configuration mounted to said turbine blade support member for rotation about an axis of said rotatable shaft, each blade having an airfoil shape having a leading edge and a trailing edge and an airfoil profile lying in a plane parallel to the direction of fluid flow, each of Said blades fixedly mounted to said blade support member to be radially spaced from said rotatable shaft for rotation in the plane perpendicular to said shaft in the direction of said leading edge and a further plurality of turbine blades having a helical configuration and mounted concentrically with said plurality of turbine blades to said turbine blade support member for rotation about the axis of said rotatable shaft.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the helical configuration of said further plurality of turbine blades is shifted circumferentially with respect to the helical configuration of said plurality of turbine blades.