Directional image transmission sheet and method of making same

• US 5,644,431 A
• Filed: 04/13/1994
• Issued: 07/01/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Arkansas (University of Arkansas System)
• Original Assignee: University of Arkansas NA
• Inventors: Magee, John Allan
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Thomas
• Application Number:
  US08/227,055
• Time in Patent Office: 1,175 Days
• Field of Search: 395/619, 395/623, 395/454, 395/455, 395/456
• US Class Current: 359/619
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/30 with lenses
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/31 having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 50/80 for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0031 Replication or moulding, e.g. hot embossing, UV-casting, injection moulding
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0068 arranged in a single integral body or plate, e.g. laminates or hybrid structures with other optical elements G02B5/1885, G02B17/002, G02B30/27 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Abstract

There is disclosed a partially transparent, directional viewing sheet formed of plastic material with lenses, preferably lenticular lenses, formed on both the front and the back surfaces of the sheet, there being on at least one of the surfaces intervening spaces between the lenses which spaces are not fully transparent and may be imprinted with an image that is viewable through the sheet from some directions. Preferably such lenses separated by non-transparent intervening spaces are concave lenses with a radius of curvature which is less than the radius of curvature of convex lenses, on the other surface, causing the concave lens focal length to be less than, typically about one-half of, the focal length of the convex lenses. The thickness of the sheet and hence the spacing between each concave lens and a corresponding convex lens causes the lenses axial spacing to be about the difference in focal lengths of the lenses producing the effect of a tiny Galilean telescope. The view through such a sheet in a direction substantially aligned with the optical axis of the tiny telescope is a minimally distorted view of objects distant from or near to the opposite side of the sheet while off-axis viewing will present the image imprinted on the intervening spaces between the concave lenses on the back surface of the sheet. Alternative embodiments employ intrusive mask elements between concave lens elements facilitating use for directional control of solar energy while maintaining image transmission for one direction of viewing.

Claims

1. A partially transparent sheet for directional light transmission and image viewing comprising:

a body of at least partially transparent solid material with a predetermined thickness substantially less than its other dimensions, and having a front surface and a back surface,

a multiplicity of convex lenses with a predetermined index of refraction covering a substantial area on said body front surface with each of said lenses having a least transverse dimension of less than two millimeters,

the effective radius of curvature of said convex lenses being from 0.01 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters, and

a multiplicity of concave lenses with a predetermined index of refraction on said body back surface, each being generally in register with a respective one of said convex lenses, the least transverse dimension of said concave lenses being less than the center to center pitch thereof, the radii of curvature of said concave lenses being selected with regard to the radii of curvature of said convex lenses, said index of refraction, and said body thickness to cause parallel rays converged by said convex lenses to be returned approximately to parallelism upon passing through said concave lenses,

whereby said sheet when viewed in a direction nearly parallel with the paths from lenses on the front surface to corresponding lenses on the back surface appears transparent and transmits a substantially undistorted image, while said sheet appears non-transparent to images when viewed in a substantially different direction.

2. A sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least partially transparent solid material is a flexible sheet of plastic with a thickness of from 0.02 to 4.0 millimeters.

3. A sheet as recited in claim 2 wherein said convex lenses are formed integrally in said solid at least partially transparent material.

4. A sheet as recited in claim 2 wherein the least transverse dimension of said concave lenses is less than three-fourths of the center to center pitch thereof.

5. A sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein said convex lenses are formed integrally in said solid material.

6. A sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein said convex lenses and said concave lenses are lenticular lenses with substantially mutually parallel orientation.

7. A sheet as recited in claim 6 wherein the surfaces of said convex lenses have an elliptical cross-section.

8. A sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein the distance separating each said concave lens from its corresponding convex lens is between 0.8 times and 1.2 times the difference of the absolute values of the focal lengths thereof.

9. A partially transparent sheet for directional light transmission or image viewing comprising:

a body of at least partially transparent material with a predetermined thickness, and having a front surface and a back surface,

a multiplicity of convex lenses with a predetermined index of refraction and focal length on said body front surface with each of said lenses having a least transverse dimension of less than two millimeters and with the space between adjacent ones of said lenses being from zero to one-half millimeter,

the effective radius of curvature of said convex lenses being from 0.01 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters, and

a multiplicity of secondary lenses with a predetermined index of refraction and focal length on said body back surface generally in register with respective ones of said convex lenses, the least transverse dimension of said secondary lenses being less than 3/4 of the center to center pitch thereof, the radii of curvature of said secondary lenses being selected with regard to the radii of curvature of said convex lenses, each said index of refraction, and said body thickness to cause the distance separating each secondary lens from its corresponding convex lens to be between 0.8 times and 1.2 times the algebraic sum of the focal lengths thereof,

whereby said sheet when viewed in a direction nearly parallel with the paths from lenses on the front surface to corresponding lenses on the back surface appears transparent and transmits a substantially undistorted image, while said sheet appears non-transparent to images when viewed in a substantially different direction.

10. A sheet as recited in claim 9 wherein said solid material is a sheet of transparent plastic with a thickness of from 0.01 to 2.0 millimeters.

11. A sheet as recited in claim 10 wherein said sheet is flexible and said convex lenses are formed integrally in said solid material.

12. A sheet as recited in claim 11 wherein the surfaces of said convex lenses have an elliptical cross-section.

13. A partially transparent sheet for directional image viewing comprising:

a body of at least partially transparent solid material having a front surface and a back surface,

a multiplicity of convex lenses of a predetermined focal length on said body front surface with each of said lenses having a least transverse dimension of less than two millimeters and with the space between adjacent ones of said lenses being from zero to one-half millimeter,

the radius of curvature of said convex lenses being from 0.01 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters, and

a multiplicity of secondary lenses on said body back surface, the focal length of said secondary lenses being determined with regard to said body thickness to cause focal points of said secondary lenses to approximately coincide with focal points of said convex lenses, the least transverse dimension of said secondary lenses being less than 3/4 of the center to center pitch thereof,

whereby parallel rays converged by said convex lenses are returned approximately to parallelism upon passing through said secondary lenses, and whereby said sheet when viewed in a direction nearly parallel with the paths from lenses on the front surface to corresponding lenses on the back surface appears transparent and transmits a substantially undistorted image, while said sheet appears non-transparent to images when viewed in a substantially different direction.

14. A sheet as recited in claim 13 wherein said solid material is a flexible sheet of plastic with a thickness of from 0.01 to 2.0 millimeters.

15. A sheet as recited in claim 14 wherein said convex lenses are formed integrally in said solid material.

16. A sheet as recited in claim 13 wherein said convex lenses are formed integrally in said solid material.

17. A sheet as recited in claim 13 wherein said convex lenses and said secondary lenses are lenticular lenses with substantially parallel orientation.

18. A partially transparent sheet for directional light transmission and image viewing comprising:

a body of at least partially transparent solid material with a predetermined thickness substantially less than its other dimensions, and having a front surface and a back surface;

a multiplicity of aspheric lenses with a predetermined index of refraction covering a substantial area on said body front surface with each of said lenses having an elliptical cross-section convex surface and a transverse dimension of less than two millimeters;

the effective radius of curvature of said convex lenses being from 0.01 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters; and

,

a multiplicity of concave lenses with a predetermined index of refraction on said body back surface, each being generally in register with a respective one of said aspheric lenses, the radii of curvature of said concave lenses being selected with regard to the radii of curvature of said convex lenses, said index of refraction, and said body thickness to cause parallel rays converged by said convex lenses to be returned approximately to parallelism upon passing through said concave lenses,

whereby said sheet when viewed in a direction nearly parallel with the paths from lenses on the front surface to corresponding lenses on the back surface appears transparent and transmits a substantially undistorted image, while said sheet appears non-transparent to images when viewed in a substantially different direction.

19. A sheet as recited in claim 18 wherein the surfaces of said concave lenses have an elliptical cross-section.