Real time chemical exposure and risk monitor

• US 5,645,072 A
• Filed: 09/28/1995
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Kenny, Donald V., Thrall, Karla D., Sisk, Daniel R., Endres, George W. R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUANG, STEPHEN D
• Application Number:
  US08/535,929
• Time in Patent Office: 649 Days
• Field of Search: 128/716, 128/714, 128/730, 128/727, 128/204.17, 128/206.21
• US Class Current: 600/532
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0813 Measurement of pulmonary parameters by tracers, e.g. radioactive tracers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0009 General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state G01N1/22
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/497 of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath

Abstract

The apparatus of the present invention is a combination of a breath interface and an external exposure dosimeter interface to a chemical analysis device, all controlled by an electronic processor for quantitatively analyzing chemical analysis data from both the breath interface and the external exposure dosimeter for determining internal tissue dose. The method of the present invention is a combination of steps of measuring an external dose, measuring breath content, then analyzing the external dose and breath content and determining internal tissue dose.

Claims

1. An apparatus for quantitatively assessing an exposure in terms of a total integrated exposure, dose, and predicted response of a person exposed to at least one hazardous chemical, said apparatus comprising:

(a) a breath interface for receiving breath from a person;

(b) an external exposure dosimeter interface for receiving a lapel tube from a person;

(c) a chemical analysis device having at least one inlet port with at least one valve for receiving a first gas sample from said breath interface, and for receiving a second gas sample from said external exposure dosimeter interface; and

(d) an electronic processor for controlling said valve(s) and for receiving data from said chemical analysis device and for analyzing said data at a rate of at least once per breath for assessing said exposure.

2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said breath interface comprises:

(a) a mouthpiece for interfacing a person to receive an exhaled breath;

(b) a tube for carrying said exhaled breath from the mouthpiece to;

(c) a mixing chamber having an inlet, outlet and exit tube, said mixing chamber providing a residence time sufficient to mix the exhaled breath and provide a sufficient exhaled breath sample amount to the chemical analysis device; and

(d) a heating means for preventing condensation of vapor present in the breath sample.

3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said external exposure dosimeter interface comprises:

(a) a heating block having a chamber for receiving said lapel tube;

(b) a desorption handle for holding the lapel tube in the heating block; and

(c) a temperature controller for heating said heating block and said lapel tube;

wherein

(d) a purge gas is introduced through a purge line entraining chemical compounds from the heated lapel tube and entering a common inlet to said inlet port.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said chemical analysis device is a mass spectrometer.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said electronic processor performs said analyzing with a pharmacokinetic model thereby obtaining said total integrated exposure, said predicted response and an internal tissue dose.

6. A method for quantitatively assessing an exposure in terms of a total integrated exposure, dose, and predicted response of a person exposed to at least one hazardous chemical, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a breath from a person into a breath interface;

(b) receiving a lapel tube from an external exposure dosimeter interface;

(c) passing said breath into a chemical analysis device having at least one inlet port with at least one valve for receiving a first gas sample from said breath interface, and for receiving a second gas sample from said external exposure dosimeter interface; and

(d) obtaining analyses of said first gas sample at a rate of at least once per breath and analyses of said second gas sample from an electronic processor for controlling said valve(s) and for receiving data from said chemical analysis device and for analyzing said data for assessing said exposure.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein receiving a breath comprises the steps of:

(a) interfacing a person with a mouthpiece to receive an exhaled breath;

(b) carrying said exhaled breath from the mouthpiece through a tube to a mixing chamber having an inlet, outlet and exit tube;

(c) mixing said breath in said mixing chamber during a residence time sufficient to mix the exhaled breath and providing a sufficient exhaled breath sample amount to the chemical analysis device; and

(d) heating said exhaled breath for preventing condensation of vapor present in the exhaled breath.

8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein receiving a lapel tube comprises the steps of:

(a) heating a chamber containing said lapel tube;

(b) holding the lapel tube in the heating block;

(c) heating said heating block and said lapel tube; and

(d) flowing a purge gas is through a purge line entraining chemical compounds from the heated lapel tube and entering a common inlet to said inlet port.

9. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein said chemical analysis device is a mass spectrometer.

10. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein at least once per breath is at least once per 1.6 seconds.

11. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein said analyzing is done with a pharmacokinetic model thereby obtaining said total integrated exposure, said predicted response and an internal tissue dose.

12. An apparatus for quantitatively assessing an exposure in terms of a total integrated exposure, internal tissue dose, and predicted response of a person exposed to at least one hazardous chemical, said apparatus comprising:

(a) a breath interface for receiving breath from a person;

(b) an external exposure dosimeter interface for receiving a lapel tube from a person;

(c) a chemical analysis device having at least one inlet port with at least one valve for receiving a first gas sample from said breath interface, and for receiving a second gas sample from said external exposure dosimeter interface;

(d) an electronic processor having a controller for controlling said valve(s) and an evaluator for receiving data from said chemical analysis device and for analyzing said data for assessing said exposure;

wherein

(e) said evaluator contains a pharmacokinetic model for analyzing data from both said breath interface and said external dosimeter interface and obtaining said total integrated exposure, internal tissue dose, and predicted response of said person exposed to said at least one hazardous chemical.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said breath interface comprises:

(a) a mouthpiece for interfacing a person to receive an exhaled breath;

(b) a tube for carrying said exhaled breath from the mouthpiece to;

(c) a mixing chamber having an inlet, outlet and exit tube, said mixing chamber providing a residence time sufficient to mix the exhaled breath and provide a sufficient exhaled breath sample amount to the chemical analysis device; and

(d) a heating means for preventing condensation of vapor present in the breath sample.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said external exposure dosimeter interface comprises:

(a) a heating block having a chamber for receiving said lapel tube;

(b) a desorption handle for holding the lapel tube in the heating block; and

(c) a temperature controller for heating said heating block and said lapel tube;

wherein

(d) a purge gas is introduced through a purge line entraining chemical compounds from the heated lapel tube and entering a common inlet to said inlet port.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said chemical analysis device is a mass spectrometer.

16. A method for quantitatively assessing an exposure in terms of a total integrated exposure, internal tissue dose, and predicted response of a person exposed to at least one hazardous chemical, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a breath from a person into a breath interface;

(b) receiving a lapel tube from an external exposure dosimeter interface;

(c) passing said breath into a chemical analysis device having at least one inlet port with at least one valve for receiving a first gas sample from said breath interface, and for receiving a second gas sample from said external exposure dosimeter interface;

(d) analyzing said first and second gas samples with an electronic processor containing a pharmacokinetic model and obtaining said total integrated exposure, internal tissue dose, and predicted response of said person exposed to said at least one hazardous chemical.

17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein receiving a breath comprises the steps of:

(a) interfacing a person with a mouthpiece to receive an exhaled breath;

(b) carrying said exhaled breath from the mouthpiece through a tube to a mixing chamber having an inlet, outlet and exit tube;

(c) mixing said breath in said mixing chamber during a residence time sufficient to mix the exhaled breath and providing a sufficient exhaled breath sample amount to the chemical analysis device; and

(d) heating said exhaled breath for preventing condensation of vapor present in the exhaled breath.

18. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein receiving a lapel tube comprises the steps of:

(a) heating a chamber containing said lapel tube;

(b) holding the lapel tube in the heating block;

(c) heating said heating block and said lapel tube; and

(d) flowing a purge gas is through a purge line entraining chemical compounds from the heated lapel tube and entering a common inlet to said inlet port.

19. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said chemical analysis device is a mass spectrometer.

20. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said analyses are obtained as often as of at least once per breath.

21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein at least once per breath is at least once per 1.6 seconds.