Blending containing absorbable polyoxaamides

• US 5,645,850 A
• Filed: 08/07/1996
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ethicon Incorporated (Johnson & Johnson)
• Original Assignee: Ethicon Incorporated (Johnson & Johnson)
• Inventors: Bezwada, Rao S., Jamiolkowski, Dennis D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Acquah, Samuel A.
• Application Number:
  US08/695,158
• Time in Patent Office: 335 Days
• Field of Search: 528/272, 528/301, 528/354, 528/359, 525/418, 525/420, 525/423, 525/424, 525/425, 525/426, 525/432, 424/426, 424/430, 424/433, 424/444, 424/446, 424/448, 424/486
• US Class Current: 424/426
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/204 Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 15/225 Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 15/26 Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof A61L15/225 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 15/60 Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 17/105 Polyesters not covered by A61L17/12
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/18 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/52 Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 29/049 Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 29/06 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 29/145 Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 31/041 Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 31/06 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds A61L31/041 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/664 derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 63/672 Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 69/40 Polyamides containing oxygen in the form of ether groups C08G69/12, C08G69/32 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 69/44 Polyester-amides
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 2666/02 Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 67/00 Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of polyester-amides C08L77/12; of polyester-imides C08L79/08; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 67/025 containing polyether sequences
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 77/12 Polyester-amides
• CPC Class Codes: C09D 167/00 : Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain based on polyester-amides C09D177/12; based on polyester-imides C09D179/08; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1352 : Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1355 : Elemental metal containing [e.g., substrate, foil, film, coating, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1362 : Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24 : Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249921 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249953 : Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/29 : Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2904 : Staple length fiber
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2913 : Rod, strand, filament or fiber
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2947 : Synthetic resin or polymer in plural coatings, each of different type
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31551 : Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]

Abstract

The present invention describes an aliphatic polyoxaamide polymer and blends thereof that may be used to produce surgical devices such as sutures, sutures with attached needles, molded devices, and the like. The aliphatic polyoxaamide of the present invention have a first divalent repeating unit of formula I:

[X--C(O)--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1)

(R₂)--C(O)--] I

and a second repeating unit selected from the group of formulas consisting of:

[--Y--R.sub.17 --].sub.T,                                  I

[--O--R.sub.5 --C(O)--].sub.B, and                         III

([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--)                        XI

and combinations thereof, wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of --O-- and --N(R)--, provided both X and Y are not both --O-- and may be blended with a second polymer that is preferably biocompatable.

Claims

1. A polymer blend comprising an aliphatic polyoxaamide composed of a first divalent repeating unit of formula I:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[X--C(O)--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.e)--O--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--C(O)--] I

and a second repeating unit selected from the group of formulas consisting of;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--Y--R.sub.17 --].sub.T, I

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--R.sub.5 --C(O)--].sub.B, III

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">([--O--R.sub.9 --(O)].sub.P --O--).sub.L G XI

and combinations thereof, wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of --O-- and --N(R)--, provided that X and Y cannot both be --O--;

R, R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene unit and an oxyalkylene group of the following formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">--[(CH.sub.2).sub.C --O--].sub.D --(CH.sub.2).sub.E -- IV

wherein C is an integer in the range of from 2 to about 5, D is an integer in the range of from 0 to about 2,000, and E is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 5, except when D is zero, in which case E will be an integer in the range of from 2 to 12;

R₁₇ is an alkylene unit containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms which may have substituted therein an internal ether oxygen, an internal --N(R₁₈)-- or an internal --C(O)--N(R₂₁)--;

T is an integer in the range of from 1 to 2,000;

R₁₈ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₅ and R₉ are selected from the group consisting of --C(R₆)(R₇)--, --(CH₂)₃ --O--, --CH₂ --CH₂ --O--CH₂ --, --CR₈ H--CH₂ --, --(CH₂)₅ --, --(CH₂)_P -- O--C(O)-- and --(CH₂)_K --C(O)--CH₂ --;

R₆ and R₇ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

F and K are independently selected integer in the range of from 2 to 6;

B is an integer in the range of from 1 to n such that the number average molecular weight of formula III is less than about 200,000;

P is an integer in the range of from 1 to m such that the number average molecular weight of formula XI is less than about 1,000,000;

G represents the residue minus from 1 to L hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol previously containing from 1 to about 200 hydroxyl groups; and

L is an integer from about 1 to about 200; and

a second polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymer and copolymer of lactone type polymers with the repeating units described by formulas III and XI, aliphatic polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyester polyurethanes, polyethylene copolymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and combinations thereof.

2. The polymer blend of claim 1 wherein the number average molecular weight of formula III is less than 100,000.

3. The polymer blend of claim 1 wherein the polymer has the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X).sub.S (C(O)--R.sub.5 --O).sub.B ].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

4. The polymer blend of claim 1 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides has the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X).sub.S ([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--).sub.L G].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

23. The aliphatic polyoxaamide of claim 1 wherein the polyoxaamide contains as a second repeat unit a lactone derived repeating unit derived from lactone monomers selected from the group consisting of glycolide, d-lactide, 1-lactide, meso-lactide, ε

-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and combinations thereof.

5. A device made from a polymer blend comprising an aliphatic polyoxaamides composed of a first divalent repeating unit of formula I:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[X--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--]I

and a second repeating unit selected from the group of formulas consisting of;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--Y--R.sub.17 --].sub.T, I

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--R.sub.5 --C(O)--].sub.B, II

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--].sub.L G XI

and combinations thereof, wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of --O-- and --N(R)--, provided that X and Y cannot both be --O--;

R, R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene unit and an oxyalkylene group of the following formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">--[(CH.sub.2).sub.C --O--].sub.D --(CH.sub.2).sub.E -- IV

wherein C is an integer in the range of from 2 to about 5, D is an integer in the range of from 0 to about 2,000, and E is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 5, except when D is zero, in which case E will be an integer in the range of from 2 to 12;

R₁₇ is an alkylene unit containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms which may have substituted therein an internal ether oxygen, an internal --N(R₁₈)-- or an internal --C(O)--N(R₂₁)--;

T is an integer in the range of from 1 to 2,000;

R₁₈ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₅ and R₉ are selected from the group consisting of --C(R₆)(R₇)--, --(CH₂)₃ --O--, --CH₂ --CH₂ --O--CH₂ --, --CR₈ H--CH₂ --, --(CH₂)₅ --, --(CH₂)_F --O--C(O)-- and --(CH₂)_K --C(O)--CH₂ --;

R₆ and R₆ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

F and K are independently selected integer in the range of from 2 to 6;

B is an integer in the range of from 1 to n such that the number average molecular weight of formula III is less than about 200,000;

P is an integer in the range of from 1 to m such that the number average molecular weight of formula XI is less than about 1,000,000;

G represents the residue minus from 1 to L hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol previously containing from 1 to about 200 hydroxyl groups; and

L is an integer from about 1 to about 200; and

a second polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymer and copolymer of lactone type polymers with the repeating units described by formulas III and XI, aliphatic polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyester polyurethanes, polyethylene copolymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and combinations thereof.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein the device is an absorbable surgical device.

7. The absorbable surgical device of claim 6 wherein the absorbable surgical device is selected from the group consisting of burn dressings, hernia patches, medicated dressings, fascial substitutes, gauze, fabrics, sheets, felts, sponges, gauze bandages, arterial graft, bandages for skin surfaces, suture knot clip, pins, clamps, screws, plates, clips, staples, hooks, buttons, snaps, bone substitutes, intrauterine devices, tubes, surgical instruments, vascular implants, vascular supports, vertebral discs, and artificial skin.

8. The absorbable surgical device of claim 6 wherein the device is a filament.

9. The filament of claim 8 wherein the filament is attached to a needle.

14. The device of claim 5 wherein the number average molecular weight of formula XI is less than 200,000.

15. The device of claim 5 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides have the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X).sub.S (C(O)--R.sub.5 --O).sub.B ].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

16. The device of claim 5 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides have

24. The device of claim 5 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamide contains as a second repeat unit a lactone derived repeating unit derived from lactone monomers selected from the group consisting of glycolide, d-lactide, 1-lactide, meso-lactide, ε

-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and combinations thereof.

10. A device coated with a polymer blend comprising a blend of an aliphatic polyoxaamides having a first divalent repeating unit of formula I:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[X--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--]I

and a second repeating unit selected from the group of formulas consisting of;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--Y--R.sub.17 --].sub.T, I

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--R.sub.5 --C(O)--].sub.B, III

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--).sub.L G XI

and combinations thereof, wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of --O-- and --N(R)--, provided that X and Y cannot both be --O--;

R, R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene unit and an oxyalkylene group of the following formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">--[ICH.sub.2).sub.C --O--].sub.D --(CH.sub.2).sub.E -- IV

wherein C is an integer in the range of from 2 to about 5, D is an integer in the range of from 0 to about 2,000, and E is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 5, except when D is zero, in which case E will be an integer in the range of from 2 to 12;

R₁₇ is an alkylene unit containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms which may have substituted therein an internal ether oxygen, an internal --N(R₁₈)-- or an internal --C(O)--N(R₂₁)--;

T is an integer in the range of from 1 to 2,000;

R₁₈ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₅ and R₉ are selected from the group consisting of --C(R₆)(R₇)--, --(CH₂)₃ --O--, --CH₂ --CH₂ --O--CH₂ --, --CR₈ H--CH₂ --, --(CH₂)₅ --, --(CH₂)_F --O--C(O)-- and --(CH₂)_K --C(O)--CH₂ --;

R₆ and R₇ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

F and K are independently selected integer in the range of from 2 to 6;

B is an integer in the range of from 1 to n such that the number average molecular weight of formula III is less than about 200,000;

P is an integer in the range of from 1 to m such that the number average molecular weight of formula XI is less than about 1,000,000;

G represents the residue minus from 1 to L hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol previously containing from 1 to about 200 hydroxyl groups; and

L is an integer from about 1 to about 200; and

a second polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymer and copolymer of lactone type polymers with the repeating units described by formulas III and XI, aliphatic polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyester polyurethanes, polyethylene copolymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and combinations thereof wherein the inherent viscosity of the blend is in the range of from about 0.05 to about 2.0 deciliters per gram (dl/g) as measured in a 0.1 g/dl solution of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) at 25°

C.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the device is a suture.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein the suture is attached to a needle.

17. The device coated with the polymer blend of claim 10 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides have the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2)--C(O)--(O--R.sub.17).sub.T --].sub.N

wherein N is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000.

18. The device coated with the polymer blend of claim 10 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides have the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X).sub.S (C(O)--R.sub.5 --O).sub.B ].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

19. The device coated with the polymer blend of claim 10 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamides have the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R}hd

     1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X) .sub.S ([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--).sub.L G].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

25. The device coated with the polymer blend of claim 10 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamide in the coating contains as a second repeat unit a lactone derived repeating unit derived from lactone monomers selected from the group consisting of glycolide, d-lactide, 1-lactide, meso-lactide, ε

-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and combinations thereof.

13. A drug delivery matrix comprising a drug and a polymer blend of an aliphatic polyoxaamide having a first divalent repeating unit of formula I:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[X--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--]I

and a second repeating unit selected from the group of formulas consisting of;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--Y--R.sub.17 --].sub.T, I

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--R.sub.5 --C(O)--].sub.B, III

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">([--O--R.sub.9 --C(O)].sub.P --O--) .sub.L G XI

and combinations thereof, wherein X and Y are selected from the group consisting of --O-- and --N(R)--, provided that X and Y cannot both be --O--;

R, R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene unit and an oxyalkylene group of the following formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">--[(CH.sub.2).sub.C --O--].sub.D --(CH.sub.2).sub.E -- IV

wherein C is an integer in the range of from 2 to about 5, D is an integer in the range of from 0 to about 2,000, and E is an integer in the range of from about 2 to about 5, except when D is zero, in which case E will be an integer in the range of from 2 to 12;

R₁₇ is an alkylene unit containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms which may have substituted therein an internal ether oxygen, an internal --N(R₂₁)-- or an internal --C(O)--N(R₂₁)--;

T is an integer in the range of from 1 to 2,000;

R₁₈ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₅ and R₉ are selected from the group consisting of --C(R₆)(R₇)--, --(CH₂)₃ --O--, --CH₂ --CH₂ --O--CH₂ --, --CR₈ H--CH₂ --, --(CH₂)₅ --, --(CH₂)_F --O--C(O)-- and --(CH₂)_K --C(O)--CH₂ --;

R₆ and R₇ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;

F and K are independently selected integer in the range of from 2 to 6;

B is an integer in the range of from 1 to n such that the number average number average molecular weight of formula III is less than about 200,000;

P is an integer in the range of from 1 to m such that the number average molecular weight of formula XI is less than about 1,000,000;

G represents the residue minus from 1 to L hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol previously containing from 1 to about 200 hydroxyl groups; and

L is an integer from about 1 to about 200; and

a second polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymer and copolymer of lactone type polymers with the repeating units described by formulas III and XI, aliphatic polyurethanes, polyether polyurethanes, polyester polyurethanes, polyethylene copolymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and combinations thereof.

20. The drug delivery matrix of claim 13 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamide has the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[--O--C(O)--C(R}hd

     1)(R.sub.2)--O--(R.sub.3)--O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--(O--R.sub.17).sub.T --].sub.N

wherein N is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000.

21. The drug delivery matrix of claim 13 wherein the number average weight of formula XI is less than 200,000.

22. The drug delivery matrix of claim 13 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamide has the formula:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">[(--C(O)--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--O--R.sub.3 --O--C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)--C(O)--(Y--R.sub.17).sub.T --X).sub.S ([--O--R.sub.9 --(O)].sub.P --O--).sub.L G].sub.W

wherein S is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 10,000 and W is an integer in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

26. The drug delivery matrix of claim 13 wherein the aliphatic polyoxaamide in the matrix contains as a second repeat unit a lactone derived repeating unit derived from lactone monomers selected from the group consisting of glycolide, d-lactide, 1-lactide, meso-lactide, ε

-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and combinations thereof.