Uninterruptible power system with a flywheel-driven source of standby power

• US 5,646,458 A
• Filed: 02/22/1996
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/22/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Unitron NV
• Original Assignee: Atlas Energy Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Bowyer, Richard N., West, Geoffrey
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PALADINI, ALBERT WILLIAM
• Application Number:
  US08/603,855
• Time in Patent Office: 502 Days
• Field of Search: 307/64, 307/67, 307/68, 290/4 R, 290/4 A, 310/10, 310/153, 318/150, 318/161
• US Class Current: 307/67
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 15/007 involving storage in the form of mechanical energy, e.g. fly-wheels
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/066 characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines H02J9/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/16 Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems

Abstract

An UPS (uninterruptible power system) includes an UPS power conditioning unit that provides conditioned AC power to a critical load. The UPS power conditioning unit includes a variable speed drive that operates in response to AC utility power or to a standby DC input by providing a motor drive signal. The UPS power conditioning unit further includes a motor-generator that operates in response to the motor drive output by providing the conditioned AC power to the critical load. In response to an outage in the utility AC power, standby DC power is provided by a standby DC power source that includes a variable speed drive and a flywheel motor-generator connected to the variable speed drive. Both the UPS power conditioning unit and the standby DC power source are initially operated in response to the utility AC power, the flywheel motor-generator storing kinetic energy in a rotating flywheel. When an outage occurs, the rotating flywheel continues to operate the flywheel motor-generator of the standby DC power source, causing the production of AC power which is rectified and provided as standby DC power to operate the variable speed drive of the UPS power conditioning unit until either the utility AC power outage is over or a standby emergency generator is brought on line.

Claims

1. An uninterruptible power system, including:

a first connection for receiving utility AC power;

an uninterruptible power system (UPS) power conditioning unit connected to the first connection;

a critical load connection on the UPS power conditioning unit for providing conditioned AC power to a critical load;

a standby DC power connection on the UPS power conditioning unit;

a standby DC power source coupled to the standby DC power connection for providing standby DC power to drive the UPS power conditioning unit during interruptions in utility AC power;

a first variable speed drive in the standby DC power source with a first motor driven output;

a flywheel-motor generator in the standby power source for generating AC power;

the flywheel-motor generator having a motor drive input connected to the first motor drive output; and

a rectifier connected to the flywheel motor-generator and to the standby power connection for producing the standby DC power by rectifying the AC power generated by the flywheel motor-generator.

2. The uninterruptible power system of claim 1, further including:

a standby AC generator; and

a transfer switch connected to the first connection, to the standby AC generator, and to the UPS power conditioning unit for assuming a first state in which the first connection is connected to the UPS power conditioning unit, and a second state in which the standby AC generator is connected to the UPS power conditioning unit.

3. The uninterruptible power system of claim 1, wherein the UPS power conditioning unit comprises:

a variable speed drive having an AC input coupled to the first connection, a DC input, and a motor drive output; and

the standby power connection comprises the DC input.

4. The uninterruptible power system of claim 1, further including:

a standby AC generator; and

a transfer switch connected to the first connection, to the standby AC generator, and to the UPS power conditioning unit for assuming a first state in which the first connection is connected to the UPS power conditioning unit, and a second state in which the standby AC generator is connected to the UPS power conditioning unit.

5. The uninterruptible power system of claim 4, wherein the UPS power conditioning unit comprises:

a second variable speed drive having an AC input coupled to the transfer switch, a DC input, and a motor drive output; and

the standby power connection comprises the DC input.

6. The uninterruptible power system of claim 5, wherein the UPS power conditioning unit further includes a motor-generator coupled to the motor drive output of the second variable-speed drive, and an output for providing AC power to the critical load connection.

7. The uninterruptible power system of claim 1, wherein:

the flywheel motor-generator includes an AC motor, a flywheel, an AC generator, and means coupling the AC motor, flywheel, and AC generator for common rotary operation;

the first variable speed drive is connected to the first connection, the first motor drive output causes rotary operation of the AC motor in response to the utility AC power;

the AC generator generates the AC power in response to rotary operation by either the AC motor or the flywheel; and

the flywheel stores kinetic energy in response rotary operation of the AC motor, the kinetic energy being of a magnitude for causing the AC generator to generate the AC power in response to interruption of the utility AC power.

8. The uninterruptible power system of claim 7, wherein the flywheel stores kinetic energy for causing rotary operation of the AC generator sufficient to maintain operation of the UPS power conditioning unit at a predetermined level for a period of time within the range of one second to 15 seconds.

19. The standby power source of claim 7, the flywheel for driving the AC generator when the utility AC power signal is interrupted, the flywheel providing kinetic energy at a magnitude sufficient to cause the AC generator to produce the AC power at the input power magnitude for a period of time in the range of one second to 15 seconds.

9. A standby DC power source for a system that provides power to a critical load, the system having an input for receiving standby DC power when a utility AC power signal is interrupted, the standby DC power source including:

a variable-speed drive for providing a motor drive output in response to an AC power signal;

a flywheel motor-generator unit for storing kinetic energy in response to the AC power signal and for producing AC power on an output in response to the kinetic energy in response to interruption of the AC power signal;

the flywheel motor-generator unit having an AC motor connected to the motor drive output, an AC generator, a flywheel, and a shaft driven by the AC motor for rotating the flywheel and driving the AC generator;

a rectifier connected to the output for rectifying an AC power waveform; and

a DC output connected to the rectifier for providing a standby DC power signal.

10. The standby DC power source of claim 9, wherein the system is an uninterruptible power system (UPS) for driving the critical load in response to a predetermined input power magnitude, the flywheel motor-generator unit producing the AC power at the input power magnitude for a predetermined period of time.

11. The standby power source of claim 10, wherein the predetermined period of time is within the range of one second to 15 seconds.

12. The standby power source of claim 10, the flywheel for driving the AC generator when the utility AC power signal is interrupted, the flywheel providing kinetic energy at a magnitude sufficient to cause the AC generator to produce the AC power at the input power magnitude for a period of time in the range of one second to 15 seconds.

17. The standby power source of claim 9, wherein the system is for providing power to the critical load in response to a predetermined input power magnitude, the means producing the AC power at the input power magnitude for a predetermined period of time.

18. The standby power source of claim 17, wherein the predetermined period of time is within the range of one second to 15 seconds.

20. The standby power source of claim 9, wherein the system is an uninterruptible power system (UPS).

13. A method of providing uninterruptible power in an UPS (uninterruptible power system) that includes a first variable speed drive responsive to utility AC power, or to standby DC power for producing a motor drive signal, and an AC motor generator responsive to the motor drive signal for producing conditioned AC power for a critical load, the method including the steps of:

storing kinetic energy in a flywheel of a flywheel motor-generator that is mechanically uncoupled and separate from the AC motor-generator;

providing a drive signal to operate the flywheel motor-generator from a second variable speed drive;

detecting an interruption in the utility AC power;

decoupling the UPS from the utility AC power in response to the interruption;

generating standby AC drive power from the flywheel motor-generator in response to the kinetic energy stored in the flywheel;

rectifying the standby AC drive power to produce the standby DC power; and

operating the variable speed drive in response to the standby DC power during the interruption in the utility AC power.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the operating step is performed for a period of time in the range of one second to 15 seconds.

15. The method of claim 13, further including the steps of:

generating standby utility AC power in response to the interruption in the utility AC power; and

applying the standby AC power to the first and second variable speed drives.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of applying is performed within a period of time within the range of one second to 15 seconds after the step of generating standby utility AC power.