Method for balancing power sources and structure therefor

• US 5,646,503 A
• Filed: 10/04/1995
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/04/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Semiconductor Components Industries LLC (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Stockstad, Troy L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Law, Patrick B.
• Application Number:
  US08/539,207
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 320/1, 320/5, 320/6, 320/13, 320/15, 320/16, 320/17, 320/14
• US Class Current: 320/135
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0016 using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits

Abstract

A power source balancing circuit (10) balances two power sources such as two battery cells (12 and 42). When the power source balancing circuit (10) is enabled, it compares a current flowing through the first battery cell (12) and a first resistor (22) with a current flowing through the second battery cell (42) and a second resistor (52). Because the resistance of the first resistor (22) is equal to that of the second resistor (52), a difference between the two currents indicates a difference between the voltages of the two battery cells (12 and 42). If a current difference larger than a predetermined limit is detected, the battery cell (12 or 42) with a higher voltage is discharged through a corresponding discharge resistor (14 or 44) by switching on a corresponding switch (16 or 46). The corresponding switch (16 or 46) is controlled by a corresponding flip-flop (32 or 62).

Claims

1. A method for balancing power sources, comprising the steps of:

generating a first current by applying a voltage of a first power source across a first resistor having a predetermined resistance value;

generating a second current by applying a voltage of a second power source across a second resistor having the predetermined resistance value;

discharging the first power source in response to the first current being greater than the second current by a first amount, the first amount being more than a first predetermined current value; and

discharging the second power source in response to the second current being greater than the first current by a second amount, the second amount being more than a second predetermined current value.

2. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of discharging the first power source includes the step of generating a current path through a third resistor and the first power source.

3. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of discharging the second power source includes the step of generating a current path through a fourth resistor and the second power source.

4. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of discharging the first power source includes the steps of:

generating a third current substantially equal to the first current;

generating a fourth current greater than the second current by the first predetermined current value; and

discharging the first power source in response to the third current being greater than the fourth current.

5. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of discharging the second power source includes the steps of:

generating a fifth current greater than the first current by the second predetermined current value;

generating a sixth current substantially equal to the second current; and

discharging the second power source in response to the sixth current being greater than the fifth current.

6. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of generating a first current includes the step of generating the first current for a predetermined time interval in every time period of a predetermined duration.

7. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of discharging the first power source includes the step of interrupting the discharge of the first power source before the step of generating the first current in a subsequent period.

8. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of generating a second current includes the step of generating the second current for the predetermined time interval in every time period of the predetermined duration simultaneously to the step of generating the first current.

9. The method for balancing power sources as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of discharging the second power source includes the step of interrupting the discharge of the second power source before the step of generating the second current in a subsequent period.

10. A power source balancing circuit, comprising:

a first discharge switch having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode;

a first discharge resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the second electrode is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first discharge switch;

a second discharge switch having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode;

a second discharge resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first discharge switch and the second electrode is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the second discharge switch;

a sensing element having a first input, a second input, a common input, a first output, and a second output, wherein the first input is coupled to the first electrode of the first discharge resistor, the second input is coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the second discharge switch, and the common input is coupled to the first electrode of the second discharge resistor; and

an control element having, a first input, a second input, a first output, and a second output, wherein the first input is coupled to the first output of the sensing element, the second input is coupled to the second output of the sensing element, the first output is coupled to the control electrode of the first discharge switch, and the second output is coupled to the control electrode of the second discharge switch.

11. The power source balancing circuit of claim 10, further comprising:

a first battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first discharge resistor and the negative electrode is coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first discharge switch; and

a second battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second discharge resistor and the negative electrode is coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the second discharge switch.

12. The power source balancing circuit of claim 10, wherein the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch are insulated gate field effect transistors.

13. The power source balancing circuit of claim 10, wherein the sensing element includes:

a first resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode serves as the first input of the sensing element;

a second resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode serves as the second input of the sensing element;

a first operational amplifier having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input is coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor and the second input is coupled to the common input of the sensing element;

a second operational amplifier having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input is coupled to the second electrode of the second resistor and the second input is coupled to the common input of the sensing element;

a first transistor of a first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the output of the first operational amplifier, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor;

a second transistor of a second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the output of the second operational amplifier, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the second resistor;

a third transistor of the first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the first output of the sensing element;

a fourth transistor of the second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the first output of the sensing element;

a fifth transistor of the first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second output of the sensing element; and

a sixth transistor of the second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second output of the sensing element.

14. The power source balancing circuit of claim 13, wherein the first transistor is an n-channel insulated gate field effect transistor and the second transistor is a p-channel insulated gate field effect transistor.

15. The power source balancing circuit of claim 13, wherein a resistance of the first resistor and is equal to a resistance of the second resistor.

16. The power source balancing circuit of claim 13, wherein the sensing element further has a biasing terminal coupled for transmitting a biasing signal to the first operational amplifier and to the second operational amplifier.

17. The power source balancing circuit of claim 10, wherein the control element includes:

an inverter having an input and an output, wherein the input serves as the first input of the control element;

a first flip-flop having a clock input, a reset input, a data input, and an output, wherein the clock input is coupled for receiving a clock signal, the reset input is coupled for receiving a reset signal, the data input is coupled to the output of the inverter, and the output serves as the first output of the control element; and

a second flip-flop having a clock input, a reset input, a data input, and an output, wherein the clock input is coupled for receiving the clock signal, the reset input is coupled for receiving the reset signal, the data input serves as the second input of the control element, and the output serves as the second output of the control element.

18. A battery balancing circuit, comprising:

a first battery cell having a positive electrode and a negative electrode;

a second battery cell having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is coupled to the negative electrode of the first battery cell;

a first discharge resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is coupled to the positive electrode of the first battery cell;

a first discharge switch having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the first discharge resistor and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the negative electrode of the first battery cell;

a second discharge resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is coupled to the positive electrode of the second battery cell;

a second discharge switch having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the second discharge resistor and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the negative electrode of the second battery cell; and

a balancing element having a clock input, a first input, a second input, a common input, a first output, and a second output, wherein the clock input is coupled for receiving a clock signal, the first input is coupled to the positive electrode of the first battery cell, the second input is coupled to the negative electrode of the second battery cell, the common input is coupled to the negative electrode of the first battery cell, the first output is coupled to the control electrode of the first discharge switch, and the second output is coupled to the control electrode of the second discharge switch.

19. The battery balancing circuit of claim 18, wherein the balancing element includes:

a first resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode serves as the first input of the balancing element;

a second resistor having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode serves as the second input of the balancing element;

a first operational amplifier having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input is coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor and the second input is coupled to the common input of the balancing element;

a second operational amplifier having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input is coupled to the second electrode of the second resistor and the second input is coupled to the common input of the balancing element;

a first transistor of a first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the output of the first operational amplifier, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor;

a second transistor of a second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the output of the second operational amplifier, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second electrode of the second resistor;

a third transistor of the first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor and the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor;

a fourth transistor of the second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the third transistor;

a fifth transistor of the first type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor and the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the second resistor;

a sixth transistor of the second type having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode, wherein the control electrode is coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor, the first current conducting electrode is coupled to the first electrode of the first resistor, and the second current conducting electrode is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the fifth transistor;

an inverter having an input and an output, wherein the input is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the third transistor;

a first flip-flop having a clock input, a reset input, a data input, and an output, wherein the clock input is coupled to the clock input of the balancing element, the reset input is coupled for receiving a reset signal, the data input is coupled to the output of the inverter, and the output is coupled to the first output of the balancing element; and

a second flip-flop having a clock input, a reset input, a data input, and an output, wherein the clock input is coupled to the clock input of the balancing element, the reset input is coupled for receiving the reset signal, the data input is coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the fifth transistor, and the output is coupled to the second output of the balancing element.

20. The battery balancing circuit of claim 19, wherein the first transistor is an n-channel insulated gate field effect transistor and the second transistor is a p-channel insulated gate field effect transistor.