Dynamic loop compensator for continuous mode power converters

• US 5,646,513 A
• Filed: 03/10/1995
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Riggio, Salvatore R. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US08/401,943
• Time in Patent Office: 851 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/282, 323/284, 323/285, 323/266, 363/89, 363/81, 363/124
• US Class Current: 323/285
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

Abstract

This invention is directed toward a loop compensator which dynamically changes the compensation break points as a function of duty cycle, input voltage and output load current to insure system loop stability. The system identifier of the dynamic loop compensator identifies the converter circuit topology to which it is connected and relays corresponding circuit identification signals to a digital controller. Based on the identification signals, the digital controller implements one of three compensation algorithms that dynamically changes the compensation break points and consequently insures closed loop stability. Based upon system condition signals and one of the three compensation algorithms, the digital controller changes the compensation break points by producing variable frequency clock signals which are input into a bank of capacitors in a switching capcitor error amplifier network. In turn, the clock signals determine the effective resistance of the capacitors in the capacitor bank and accordingly change the location of the poles and zeros of the compensator thereby allowing the compensator to counteract the dynamically changing system.

Claims

1. A dynamic loop compensator for use in continuous mode buck, boost, and buck-boost converter circuits, each of said converter circuit including means for producing a plurality of circuit condition signals including an input voltage, an output voltage, a system clock, and a duty cycle signal, said dynamic loop compensator comprising:

means for dynamic control, said means for control connected to one of said converter circuits, said means for control receiving at least certain of said plurality of circuit condition signals of said one converter circuit, said means for control including means for producing a plurality of variable frequency clock signals based upon the relative amplitudes and polarities of said input and output voltages, the system clock, and the duty cycle signal of said one converter circuit;

plurality of means for producing a variable resistance, each of said plurality of means for producing a variable resistance connected to said means for dynamic control and receiving at least one of said plurality of variable frequency clock signals, each of said plurality of variable frequency clock signals determining an effective resistance of at least one of said variable resistances;

means for amplifying, said means for amplifying connected to said plurality of means for producing variable resistances, said means for amplifying further connected to said one converter circuit, said means for amplifying producing a compensation signal based upon each effective resistance to compensate for variations in input voltage and output load current of said one converter circuit;

whereby said compensation signal maintains stability in the one converter circuit, irrespective of the type of converter circuit.

2. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for dynamic control further includes a digitally encoded buck converter compensation algorithm.

3. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for dynamic control further includes a digitally encoded boost converter compensation algorithm.

4. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for dynamic control further includes a digitally encoded buck-boost converter compensation algorithm.

5. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 further including means for identifying a converter circuit topology, said means for identifying connected to said one converter circuit and said means for dynamic control, said means for identifying receiving at least certain of said plurality of circuit condition signals of said one converter circuit, said means for identifying producing a plurality of circuit topology identification signals based upon the relative polarities and magnitudes of the input and output voltages of the one converter, said means for dynamic control receiving said plurality of circuit topology identification signals.

6. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for dynamic control is a digital compensation controller.

7. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 6 wherein said digital compensation controller includes three digitally encoded converter circuit compensation algorithms, one each for a buck, boost and buck-boost converter.

8. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plurality of means for producing a variable resistance are a plurality of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors.

9. The dynamic loop compensator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plurality of circuit condition signals are an input voltage signal and an output voltage signal.

10. A dynamic loop compensator for use in continuous mode buck, boost, and buck-boost types of converter circuits, each of said converter circuits including means for producing a plurality of circuit condition signals including an input voltage, an output voltage, a system clock, and a duty cycle signal, said dynamic loop compensator comprising:

means for identifying a converter circuit topology, said means for identifying connected to one of said converter circuits and receiving at least certain of said plurality of circuit condition signals of said one converter circuit, said means for identifying producing a plurality of circuit topology identification signals based upon the relative amplitudes and polarities of input and output voltages of said one converter circuit;

means for dynamic control, said means for control connected to said means for identifying and said one converter circuit, said means for control receiving said plurality of circuit topology identification signals, said means for control further receiving at least certain of said plurality of circuit condition signals of said one converter circuit, said means for control including means for producing a plurality of pairs of variable frequency out-of-phase, non-overlapping clock signals based upon said plurality of circuit topology identification signals the system clock, and the duty cycle signal of said one converter circuit;

plurality of means for producing a variable resistance, each of said plurality of means for producing a variable resistance connected to said means for dynamic control and receiving at least one of said plurality of variable frequency clock signals, each of said plurality of variable frequency clock signals determining an effective resistance of at least one of said variable resistances;

means for amplifying, said means for amplifying connected to said plurality of means for producing a variable resistance, said means for amplifying further connected to said one converter circuit, said means for amplifying producing a compensation signal for small signal variations in input voltage and output load current of said one converter circuit based upon at least certain of said circuit condition signals of said one converter circuit and said effective resistances;

whereby said compensation signal maintains stability in the one converter circuit, irrespective of the convert circuit type.

11. Apparatus providing dynamic loop compensation for input voltage and output load current variations in continuous mode power converters of the buck, boost, and buck-boost type, said apparatus comprising:

one of said converters having input and output voltages, a system clock signal, and a duty cycle signal;

circuit means responsive to the relative polarities and magnitudes of the input and output voltages for determining the type of said one converter and for producing output identification signals representative of said one converter type;

a compensation controller responsive to said identification signals, to the system clock signal, and to said duty cycle signal for producing a plurality of pairs of variable frequency, out-of-phase, non-overlapping clock signals in accordance with a respective compensation algorithm corresponding to said one converter type;

an error amplifier network including a plurality of pairs of switching capacitors coupled to respective ones of said pairs of clock signals for producing an effective variable resistance as a function of said variable clock frequency;

said error amplifier network coupled in a closed feedback loop of the one converter for dynamically compensating for variations in the input voltage and the output load current of the one converter, thereby maintaining stability in the one converter circuit.