Method and apparatus for embedding authentication information within digital data

• US 5,646,997 A
• Filed: 12/14/1994
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Original Assignee: James M. Barton
• Inventors: Barton, James M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US08/357,713
• Time in Patent Office: 937 Days
• Field of Search: 380/2, 380/23, 380/25, 380/30, 380/49
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0057 Compression invariant watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0203 whereby the image with embedded watermark is reverted to the original condition before embedding, e.g. lossless, distortion-free or invertible watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/34 Encoding or coding, e.g. Huffman coding or error correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/60 Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32277 Compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4486 using digital data encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3281 Encryption; Ciphering
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/1675 Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence pseudo-random number generators in general G06F7/58

Abstract

Arbitrary digital information is embedded within a stream of digital data, in a way that avoids detection by a casual observer and that allows a user to determine whether the digital data have been modified from their intended form. The embedded information may only be extracted as authorized and may be used to verify that the original digital data stream has not been modified.

Claims

1. A method for marking a digital data block, said digital data block comprising a digital representation of an object, said digital data block containing a digital object having an initial basic format, comprising the steps of:

modifying said digital data block to contain an embedded authentication stamp;

modifying the data comprising the digital data block; and

user determining whether any additional modifications have been made to said digital data block;

wherein the basic format of the digital object after modifying said digital data block to contain an embedded authentication stamp and modifying the data comprising the digital data block is the same as said initial basic format;

wherein said authentication stamp is obscured relative to the magnitude of said unmodified data.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

embedding meta-data information about said digital data block, including file permission, file type, application type, serial number, creator identification, and licensee identification into said digital data block, including at least one or more of a serial number, an identification tag, an authorization tag, and a digital signature.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

retrieving said meta-data from said data block; and

performing at least one of a restoring step and an authenticating step on said data block in accordance with said meta-data.

4. A method for marking a digital data block comprising a digital representation of an object, comprising the steps of:

calculating a digital signature for said digital data block in accordance with a selected calculation technique;

appending said digital signature to a meta-data stream;

encrypting said meta-data stream;

embedding said encrypted meta-data stream into said digital data block; and

user determining whether any additional modifications have been made to said digital data block;

wherein said authentication stamp is obscured relative to the magnitude of said unmodified data.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

calculating an error correction code; and

appending said error correction code to said meta-data stream.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

selecting a compression technique; and

compressing said digital data block using said compression technique.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of:

appending information indicative of said compression technique to said meta-data stream.

8. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:

appending information indicative of said digital signature calculation technique to said meta-data stream.

9. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

retrieving said embedded meta-data stream;

decrypting said retrieved meta-data stream;

extracting the bits comprising said digital signature from said decrypted meta-data stream;

calculating a digital signature for said data block after said embedded meta-data stream is retrieved therefrom; and

comparing said calculated digital signature with said extracted digital signature; and

authenticating said data block if said calculated digital signature matches said extracted digital signature.

10. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:

restoring said authenticated data block.

11. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

retrieving said embedded meta-data stream;

correcting for errors using said error correction code;

decrypting said retrieved meta-data stream;

extracting said digital signature from said decrypted meta-data stream;

calculating a digital signature for said data block after said embedded meta-data stream is retrieved therefrom; and

comparing said calculated digital signature with said extracted digital signature; and

authenticating said data block if said calculated digital signature matches said extracted digital signature.

12. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

retrieving said embedded meta-data stream;

decrypting said retrieved meta-data stream;

extracting said digital signature from said decrypted meta-data stream;

calculating a digital signature for said data block after said embedded meta-data stream is retrieved therefrom; and

comparing said calculated digital signature with said extracted digital signature;

authenticating said data block if said calculated digital signature matches said extracted digital signature; and

decompressing said data block.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of:

modifying the least significant bit of a number representing a variable length code contained in a JPEG image.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of:

marking a first frame of an MPEG image; and

adding a sequence number to successive MPEG image frames.

15. A method for embedding information into a digital data block comprising a digital representation of an object, comprising the steps of:

adding information to said digital data block by embedding said information into said data block and thereby deliberately introducing errors in said modified digital data block, wherein the information includes an authentication stamp or any sequence of bits that encrypt information for a receiver of said data block, and wherein when said digital data block is converted into a non-digital form said embedded errors are not exhibited; and

detecting any additional errors introduced into the digital data block after the information embedding step is completed.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of:

permitting a user, on demand, to retrieve the embedded information.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of:

inserting a compressed representation of portions of the data block that are modified during the information embedding step into the embedded information.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:

recovering the data block by decompressing the representation and placing the modified portions of the data block into position within the data block.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of:

protecting the embedded information by at least one of an encrypting step and an error correction step.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:

encrypting data into the embedded information that indicates the at least one encryption technique used during the encrypting step and error correction technique used during the error correction step.