Low pressure chilling train for olefin plants

• US 5,647,972 A
• Filed: 01/05/1995
• Issued: 07/15/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/05/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ABB Lummus Global Inc. (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Lummus Global Inc. (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Wadsworth, David M., Warner, Rene C. L., Kantorowicz, Steven I., Stanley, Stephen J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Caldarola, Glenn A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GRIFFIN, WALTER DEAN
• Application Number:
  US08/369,177
• Time in Patent Office: 922 Days
• Field of Search: 208/100, 208/102, 208/103, 208/104, 208/105, 585/802, 585/648, 585/655, 423/650
• US Class Current: 208/100
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 5/06 by cooling or compressing
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 70/043 by fractional condensation
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/38 using pre-separation or distributed distillation before a main column system, e.g. in a at least a double column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/76 Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/02 using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/62 Ethane or ethylene
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0219 Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0247 separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

A method of processing a cracked gas feedstream containing hydrogen and C₁ to C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons is described using a relatively low pressure as compared to conventional cryogenic separation processes. At pressures below 27 bars, the feedstream is dried and cooled in a series of steps to initially separate out essentially all of the C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons forming a vapor stream containing the hydrogen, the C₁ to C₃ hydrocarbons and at least some of the C₄ and C₅ hydrocarbons. The C₄ and C₅ components act as an absorption liquid to lower the light ends partial pressure permitting the condensation of C₂ and C₃ components at higher temperature levels and permitting the operation at lower pressures. The vapor stream is then further cooled and separated in another series of steps and processed in a demethanizer column in a manner to provide a high pressure hydrogen and methane overhead product and a high recovery of C₂ and C₃ components in the bottoms.

Claims

1. A method of processing, at a relatively low pressure, a cracked gas feedstream containing hydrogen, methane, C₃ to C₅ hydrocarbons and C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons to separate hydrogen and methane and produce a hydrogen stream at a relatively high pressure comprising:

a. compressing said feedstream to a pressure of less than 27 bars;

b. cooling said compressed feedstream to a temperature in the range of 10°

to 25°

C. thereby forming a first condensed portion and a first vapor portion of said compressed feedstream and separating said first condensed portion and said first vapor portion;

c. drying said first condensed portion and said first vapor portion;

d. cooling said dried first vapor portion to a temperature in the range of -20°

to 5°

C. thereby forming a second condensed portion and a second vapor portion;

e. feeding said first and second condensed portions to a stripper tower wherein said condensed portions are separated into a stripper bottoms containing essentially all of said C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons and a stripper overhead containing at least a portion of said C₃ to C₅ hydrocarbons;

f. combining said second vapor portion and said stripper overhead to produce a combined vapor stream containing hydrogen, methane and C₃ to C₅ hydrocarbons with essentially no C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons;

g. cooling said combined vapor stream to a temperature range of -110°

to -72°

C. thereby forming a third condensed portion and a third vapor portion;

h. dividing said third condensed portion into at least two demethanizer feed portions;

i. feeding a first one of said demethanizer feed portions directly to a demethanizer at a selected feed location;

j. heating a second one of said demethanizer feed portions to a temperature higher than said first one of said demethanizer feed portions and feeding into said demethanizer at a feed location below said selected feed location;

k. cooling said third vapor portion to a temperature range of -145°

to -120°

C. thereby forming a fourth condensed portion and a fourth vapor portion containing essentially only hydrogen, methane and a quantity of C₂ hydrocarbons;

l. feeding said fourth condensed portion to said demethanizer at a feed location above said selected feed location;

m. separating in said demethanizer an overhead containing essentially only hydrogen, methane and a quantity of C₂ hydrocarbons and a bottoms containing C₂ and heavier hydrocarbons;

n. compressing and thereby heating said demethanizer overhead and said fourth vapor portion to a pressure of 25 to 45 bars; and

o. cooling said compressed demethanizer overhead and fourth vapor portion to a temperature in the range of -140°

to -100°

C. thereby forming a condensed demethanizer reflux and a vapor containing essentially only hydrogen and methane.

2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step (j) of heating a second one of said demethanizer feed portions comprises the step of transferring heat from said combined vapor stream.

3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said third condensed portion is divided into three demethanizer feed portions and wherein said step (j) of heating a second one of said demethanizer feed portions further includes heating a third one of said demethanizer feed portions to a temperature higher than said second one of said demethanizer feed portions and feeding said third one of said demethanizer feed portions into said demethanizer at a feed location below said feed location of said second one of said demethanizer feed portions.

4. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein said step of heating said second and third ones of said demethanizer feed portions comprises the step of transferring heat from said combined vapor stream to said second and third ones of said demethanizer feed portions.

5. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of cooling said compressed demethanizer overhead and fourth vapor portion comprises transferring heat to said demethanizer overhead and fourth vapor portion entering said compression.

6. A method of processing, at a relatively low pressure, a cracked gas feedstream containing hydrogen, methane, C₃ to C₅ hydrocarbons and C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons to separate hydrogen and methane and produce a hydrogen stream at a relatively high pressure comprising:

a. compressing said feedstream to a pressure of less than 27 bars;

b. cooling said compressed feedstream to a temperature in the range of 10°

to 25°

C. thereby forming a first condensed portion and a first vapor portion of said compressed feedstream and separating said first condensed portion and said first vapor portion;

c. drying said first condensed portion and said first vapor portion;

d. treating said dried first condensed portion and said dried first vapor portion to separate therefrom essentially all of said C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons and form a vapor stream containing said hydrogen, methane and C₅ and lighter hydrocarbons with essentially no C₆ and heavier hydrocarbons;

e. cooling said vapor stream thereby forming at least one condensed demethanizer feed portion and a further vapor portion;

f. feeding said condensed demethanizer feed portion to at least one selected feed location of a demethanizer;

g. separating in said demethanizer an overhead containing essentially only hydrogen and methane and a quantity of C₂ hydrocarbons and a bottoms containing essentially C₂ and heavier hydrocarbons;

h. compressing said demethanizer overhead and said further vapor portion to a pressure of 25 to 45 bars; and

i. cooling said compressed demethanizer overhead and further vapor portion to a temperature in the range of -140°

C. to -100°

C. thereby forming a condensed demethanizer reflux and a vapor containing essentially only hydrogen and methane.

7. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein step (e) of forming at least one condensed demethanizer feed portion comprises forming at least two of said portions and wherein at least one of said portions is heated by heat exchange with said vapor stream prior to cooling step (e).

8. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein said cooling step (e) comprises the steps of:

j. cooling said vapor stream to a temperature of -110°

to -72°

C. thereby forming a vapor stream and a condensed portion;

k. dividing said condensed portion into at least two demethanizer feed portions;

l. feeding a first one of said demethanizer feed portions to a demethanizer column at a selected feed location;

m. heating a second one of said demethanizer feed portions to a temperature higher than said first one of said demethanizer feed portions and feeding said second one of said demethanizer feed portions into said demethanizer column at a feed location below said selected feed location;

o. cooling said vapor portion to a temperature range of -145°

to 120°

C. thereby forming a further condensed portion and a further vapor portion containing essentially only hydrogen, methane and a quantity of C₂ hydrocarbons;

p. feeding said further condensed portion to said demethanizer column at a feed location above said selected feed location;

q. separating in said demethanizer column an overhead containing essentially only hydrogen, methane and a quantity of C₂ hydrocarbons and a bottoms containing C₂ and heavier hydrocarbons;

r. heating and compressing said demethanizer column overhead and said further vapor stream to form a compressed stream at a pressure in excess of 25 bars;

s. cooling said compressed stream by heat exchange with said demethanizer overhead and said further vapor stream to a temperature of -140°

to -100°

C. thereby forming a condensed demethanizer reflux and an overhead vapor product containing essentially only hydrogen and methane; and

t. reducing the pressure of said demethanizer reflux and feeding to said demethanizer column at a top feed location.