Disk array system and method for storing data

• US 5,650,969 A
• Filed: 04/21/1995
• Issued: 07/22/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Matsuo, Nobuyuki, Shimada, Mayumi, Niijima, Hideto
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Viet Q.
• Application Number:
  US08/426,329
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 365/185.01, 365/185.11, 365/200, 395/441, 395/439
• US Class Current: 365/200
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/108 Parity data distribution in semiconductor storages, e.g. in SSD

Abstract

A method and system are provided for improving the speed for writing data in a disk array system (RAID). Sectors of the disks are divided into the ones for reading old data and the other ones for writing new data. An external semiconductor storage device is used as a parity device which significantly enhances performance in writing. Preferably, a disk array system is used for storing data for which a parity group comprises N data units stored in sectors of N magnetic disk drives with parity stored in the parity device. At least N+1 magnetic disk drives are provided, where sectors of at least one magnetic disk drive are used as redundant sectors.

Claims

1. A storage array system for storing data logically arranged as a plurality of parity groups, each parity group comprising N data units and a parity unit, the storage array system comprising:

at least N+1 storage devices, each storage device comprising M sectors, wherein each of N data units of a parity group is stored in a sector of a different storage device, at least M sectors of the N+1 storage devices are used as redundant sectors and all other sectors of the N+1 storage devices are used as parity group sectors, wherein an update data unit for a parity group is stored in a redundant sector, so that the redundant sector storing the update data unit is taken as one of the parity group sectors, and

at least one parity storage device, in addition to the N+1 storage devices, for storing the parity units wherein the parity units are calculated as a function of the N data units stored in the parity group sectors.

2. The storage array system according to claim 1 wherein a parity group sector storing old data to be rewritten by the update data unit is taken to be one of the at least M redundant sectors.

3. The storage array system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a data path controller connected to an interface with a host computer, said N+1 storage devices, and said parity storage device;

a memory device for storing an assignment table which records assignments of said data units to sectors of said N+1 storage devices;

means responsive to an instruction from said host computer for reading said assignment table from said memory device, and controlling the reading of the sector which has stored old data to be rewritten and reading of a parity unit corresponding to said parity group to which said old data belongs from said parity storage device; and

means for generating new parity by performing an exclusive-OR operation on the update data unit to be written, said old data, and said parity unit.

4. The storage array system according to claim 1 wherein said parity storage device is an external semiconductor storage device configured with semiconductor flash memory.

5. The storage array system according to claim 4 wherein said external semiconductor storage device is designed to interleave a plurality of parity units for a write operation.

6. The storage array system according to claim 5 wherein said external semiconductor storage device employs a dynamic sector allocation technique for storing data sequentially from a starting point in physical sectors and allowing new data to be always stored in the next sector to the last sector which has already stored data.

7. The disk array system according to claim 6 wherein said external semiconductor storage device allows a write sector to be stored sequentially in a cluster consisting of a set of blocks each of which is a physical unit of erasure.

8. The storage array system according to claim 7 wherein said external semiconductor storage device is provided with a cluster buffer having capacity equivalent to that of the cluster.

9. A data storage method for storing data in a data storage array having a processor, memory, at least N+1 storage devices and a parity storage device comprising the steps of:

(a) arranging data into a plurality of parity groups, each parity group comprising N data units and at least one parity unit;

(b) storing each data unit of a parity group in a sector of a separate storage device wherein the sectors storing the data units of the parity groups are designated as parity group sectors;

(c) designating a plurality of sectors, at least as many sectors as are in one storage device, as redundant sectors;

(d) storing the parity units on the parity storage device;

(e) storing an update data unit for a parity group in a redundant sector;

(f) designating the redundant sector storing the update data unit as a one of the parity group sectors; and

(g) designating a sector storing old data to be rewritten by the update data unit as a one of the plurality of redundant sectors.