Method of making implantable stimulation electrodes
First Claim
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1. A method of manufacturing an implantable stimulation electrode, comprising:
- removing substantially all native metal oxide from a metal surface further comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of valve metals or their alloys in order to create an electrically-accessible area;
enhancing said electrically-accessible area to create a first enhanced surface area;
further enhancing said first enhanced surface area to create a second enhanced surface area, wherein said second enhanced surface area has greater electrically-accessible surface area than does said first enhanced surface and,applying lastly a non-native coating upon said second enhanced surface area comprising a mixture of at least three metal oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and tantalum.
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Abstract
The invention relates to methods of making an improved stimulation electrode for cardiac pacing and defibrillating. Specifically, the electrodes of the invention by virtue of the methods of manufacturing and using, demonstrate improved capabilities of stimulating and sensing neuromuscular tissues. The electrodes have enhanced electrically-accessible surface areas which are coated with oxides of valve and noble metals.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method of manufacturing an implantable stimulation electrode, comprising:
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removing substantially all native metal oxide from a metal surface further comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of valve metals or their alloys in order to create an electrically-accessible area; enhancing said electrically-accessible area to create a first enhanced surface area; further enhancing said first enhanced surface area to create a second enhanced surface area, wherein said second enhanced surface area has greater electrically-accessible surface area than does said first enhanced surface and, applying lastly a non-native coating upon said second enhanced surface area comprising a mixture of at least three metal oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and tantalum. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method of making a metallic electrode having an valve metal oxide coating for injecting charge into a biological tissue using controlled electrical pulses, said electrode made of a metal and having a metal surface, wherein the improvement consists of non-native metal oxide coating upon said metal surface a mixture of at least three metal oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and tantalum.
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20. A method of manufacture an implantable stimulation electrode, comprising:
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removing substantially all native metal oxide from a metal surface further comprising a metal selected from the group of metals consisting of valve metals or their alloys in order to create an electrically-accessible area; preventing formation of native metal oxide upon said metal surface; and
,applying a non-native coating upon said metal surface comprising a metal oxide or a mixture of at least two metal oxides selected from the group of metal oxides consisting of oxides of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and tantalum.
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Specification