Electrochromic edge isolation-interconnect system, process, and device for its manufacture

• US 5,657,150 A
• Filed: 01/13/1994
• Issued: 08/12/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/10/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Eyeonics, Corp.
• Original Assignee: Eyeonics, Corp.
• Inventors: Kallman, William R., Williams, James D., Russell, Geoffrey A., Ozias, Albert E., Dorfman, Leonard M., Wills, Scott G., Keeney, David G., Schaus, Christian F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BEY, DAWN MARIE
• Application Number:
  US08/182,792
• Time in Patent Office: 1,307 Days
• Field of Search: 359/265, 359/266, 359/267, 359/269, 359/271, 359/273, 359/275, 359/274, 351/49, 351/174
• US Class Current: 359/275
• CPC Class Codes: G02C 7/101 having an electro-optical light valve electro-optical elements per se G02F
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1533 structural features not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/155 Electrodes

Abstract

An electrochromic device for use in the field of optical lenses. The device includes a substrate having an expanse and an edge region. A first electrode layer is coated on the expanse and extends substantially across the expanse and into the edge region. An electrochromic layer is coated on the first electrode so that the first electrode layer physically isolates the electrochromic layer from the substrate. A second electrode layer is coated on the electrochromic layer, so that the electrochromic layer physically isolates the second electrode layer from the first electrode layer. A first contact is electrically connected to the first electrode layer. An isolative barrier is coated on the first electrode layer in the edge region. A second contact is electrically connected to the second electrode layer. Alternatively, an isolative channel is formed in the second electrode layer to electrically isolate the first electrode layer from the second electrode layer.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device comprising:

a substrate having an expanse and a peripheral edge region;

a first electrode layer applied to the substrate and extending substantially across the expanse and wrapping around the peripheral edge region;

an electrochromic layer applied to the first electrode, the first electrode layer physically isolating the electrochromic layer from the substrate;

a second electrode layer applied to the electrochromic layer and extending substantially across the expanse and wrapping around the peripheral edge region, the electrochromic layer physically isolating the second electrode layer from the first electrode layer;

a first contact electrically connected to the first electrode layer along the peripheral edge region;

an isolative barrier applied to the first electrode layer and extending along a perimeter of the peripheral edge region;

a second contact electrically connected to the second electrode layer along the peripheral edge region; and

the isolative barrier electrically isolating the first contact from the second electrode layer and electrically isolating the second contact from the first electrode layer.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the first contact includes metal.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the second contact includes metal.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the isolative barrier is formed of a material which includes lacquer.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the isolative barrier is formed of a material which includes an organic resin.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the first contact is applied to the first electrode layer along the peripheral edge region.

7. The device of claim 6 wherein the first contact extends along a significant length of the peripheral edge region.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the second contact is applied to the second electrode layer along the peripheral edge region.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the second contact extends along a significant length of the peripheral edge region.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein the electrochromic layer comprises at least two sublayers.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein the isolative barrier extends continuously throughout the edge region.

12. The device of claim 1 wherein the first electrode layer, the electrochromic layer and the second electrode layer all extend substantially coextensively with one another across the substrate.

13. A process for manufacturing an electrochromic device, the process comprising the steps of:

providing a substrate having an expanse and a peripheral edge region, the edge region having a determined perimeter length;

applying a first electrode layer on the expanse such that the first electrode layer extends substantially across the expanse and wraps around the peripheral edge region;

applying a first contact to the first electrode layer along a significant length of the peripheral edge region;

applying an isolative barrier to the first electrode layer and to the first contact in the peripheral edge region such that the barrier extends throughout the perimeter of the peripheral edge region;

applying an electrochromic layer to the first electrode layer such that the electrochromic layer extends substantially across the first electrode layer;

applying a second electrode layer to the electrochromic layer such that the second electrode layer extends substantially across the electrochromic layer and wraps around the peripheral edge region in an area already covered by the isolative barrier; and

applying a second contact to the second electrode layer along a significant length of the peripheral edge region.

14. An edge-isolation-contact system for use in a solid-state electrochromic device, the device having a multi-layer coating on one side thereof, a field of view, and an edge region, the coating being capable of allowing current to flow through it by having a first electrode layer for receiving a positive electrical charge, a second electrode layer for receiving a negative electrical charge, and an intermediate electrochromic layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers, the edge-isolation-contact system comprising:

an edge-isolation channel formed in a predetermined one of the first and second electrode layers in such edge region to electrically isolate the first electrode layer from the second electrode layer in the field of view, thereby inhibiting a short circuit from occurring by electrical contact between the first and second electrode layers and permitting controlled contact of a potential to such layers to power the device.

15. The system of claim 14 further comprising a dielectric material in the channel.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the dielectric material includes lacquer.

17. An electrochromic isolation-interconnect system to prevent an electrical short and to permit flow of current between opposite electrodes via an intermediate electrochromic layer, the system comprising:

a substrate having an edge region and a generally flat surface having a central region;

a first electrode layer substantially coating the surface of the substrate;

a second electrode layer;

an intermediate electrochromic layer located between and permitting electrically connection between the first and second electrode layers; and

an isolation mechanism including a first channel formed in the second electrode layer to electrically isolate the first electrode layer from the second electrode layer in the central region.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein a nonconductive material is located in the first channel.

19. The system of claim 17 wherein a second channel is formed in the second electrode layer to permit direct contact between the first contact and the first electrode layer.

20. The system of claim 17 wherein the first channel is formed by use of a laser.

21. The system of claim 17 wherein the first channel is formed by use of a chemical etch.

22. The system of claim 17 wherein the first channel is formed by use of mechanical abrasion.

23. The system of claim 17 further comprising a first conductive material electrically connected to the first electrode layer and wherein the first conductive material includes metal.

24. The system of claim 23 further comprising a second conductive material electrically connected to the second electrode layer and wherein the second conductive material includes metal.

25. The system of claim 18 wherein the nonconductive material includes lacquer.

26. The system of claim 19 wherein the second channel is formed by use of a chemical etch.

27. The system of claim 19 wherein the second channel is formed by use of a laser.

28. The system of claim 19 wherein the second channel is formed by use of a laser and a chemical etch.

29. An electrochromic edge contact-isolation system for permitting electrical current to flow between a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer only through an intermediate electrochromic layer, for maximizing the field of view through the system, and for facilitating electrical connection to the system, the system comprising:

an optical substrate including a field of view;

a coating on the substrate, the coating including a first electrode layer generally covering a surface of the substrate, an intermediate electrochromic layer generally covering the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer generally covering the electrochromic layer; and

an isolative channel formed in an edge region of the second electrode layer, the channel electrically isolating the first electrode layer from the second electrode layer throughout the field of view.

30. The system of claim 29 further comprising a first conductive material electrically connected to the first electrode layer.

31. The system of claim 30 further comprising a second conductive material electrically connected to the second electrode layer.

32. An electrochromic device comprising:

a substrate having an edge region and a generally flat surface;

electrochromic layered structure located on the generally flat surface, the electrochromic layered structure including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and an electrochromic layer between the first and second electrode layers;

an edge-isolation channel extending at least partially around edge region of the substrate; and

edge-applied conductive material at least partially overlapping with the layered structure and providing layer-selective conductive edge-contact in the edge region for edge-wise electrical power input to the device.

33. The device of claim 32 further comprising edge-applied insulative material within the edge isolation channel.

34. The device of claim 33 wherein the conductive and insulative materials are positioned out of a field of view through the substrate.

35. The device of claim 32 wherein the edge-isolation channel is formed through use of a laser.

36. The device of claim 32 wherein the edge-isolation channel is formed by wet chemical etching.

37. The device of claim 32 wherein the edge-isolation channel is formed by dry chemical etching.

38. The device of claim 32 wherein the edge-isolation channel is formed through use of mechanical abrasion.

39. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is plastic.

40. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is glass.

41. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is a camera lens.

42. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is an eyeglass lens.

43. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is a window.

44. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is a mirror.

45. The device of claim 32 wherein the substrate is a capacitor.

46. The device of claim 32 wherein the conductive material includes metal.

47. The device of claim 33 wherein the insulative material includes lacquer.

48. An electrochromic system comprising:

a frame including a recess;

an electrochromic device mounted in the frame, the device including a substrate having an edge region, the device further including an electrode which extends into the edge region;

a conductor located in the recess, the conductor adapted for powering the device; and

a conductive elastomer extending within the recess, the elastomer electrically connecting the conductor and the electrode.

49. The system of claim 48 wherein the conductor is a flex circuit.

50. The system of claim 48 wherein the conductor comprises individual wires.

51. The system of claim 48 wherein the conductor comprises a flex circuit and wires.

52. The system of claim 48 wherein the conductive elastomer is manufactured of metallic particles contained within an elastomeric material.

53. The system of claim 48 wherein the system further comprises an electrical contact located in the edge region, the contact located between and electrically connecting the electrode and the conductive elastomer.

54. A process for manufacturing an electrochromic device, the process comprising the steps of:

providing a transparent substrate having an expanse and a peripheral edge region, the edge region having a determined length;

applying a first release agent to a portion of the edge region;

applying a first electrode layer on the expanse such that the first electrode layer extends substantially across the expanse and into the edge region thereby contacting the first release agent;

removing the first release agent;

applying a second release agent in the edge region;

applying an electrochromic layer to the first electrode layer such that the electrochromic layer extends across the first electrode layer and into the edge region thereby contacting the second release agent;

applying a second electrode layer to the electrochromic layer such that the second electrode layer extends across the electrochromic layer and into the edge region; and

removing the second release agent.

55. The process of claim 54 further including the step of applying a first contact to the first electrode layer in the edge region.

56. The process of claim 54 further including the step of applying a second contact to the second electrode layer in the edge region.

57. A process for manufacturing an electrochromic device, the process comprising the steps of:

providing a substrate having an expanse;

coating a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and an intermediate electrochromic layer generally across the expanse;

physically dividing the substrate into at least two sections, one of the sections having an edge region and a central region;

forming an isolative channel in the edge region of said one of the sections to electrically isolate the layers in the central region;

providing electrical contact to the first electrode; and

providing electrical contact to the second electrode to power the electrochromic device.

58. An electrochromic device comprising:

a substrate having an expanse and a beveled peripheral edge region including a pair of bevel regions which converge toward a bevel point;

a first electrode layer applied to the substrate and extending substantially across the expanse and over at least one of the bevel regions to wrap around the peripheral edge region;

an electrochromic layer applied to the first electrode, the first electrode layer physically isolating the electrochromic layer from the substrate;

an isolative barrier applied to the first electrode layer and extending along a perimeter of the peripheral edge region;

a second electrode layer applied to the electrochromic layer and extending substantially across the expanse and over at least one of the bevel regions to wrap around the peripheral edge region, the electrochromic layer physically isolating the second electrode layer from the first electrode layer throughout the expanse and the isolative barrier physically isolating the second electrode layer from the first electrode layer throughout the peripheral edge region;

a first contact electrically connected to the first electrode layer along the peripheral edge region;

a second contact electrically connected to the second electrode layer along the peripheral edge region; and

the isolative barrier electrically isolating the first contact from the second electrode layer and electrically isolating the second contact from the first electrode layer.