Controlling switch-Mode power conversion

• US 5,657,215 A
• Filed: 08/29/1995
• Issued: 08/12/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Compaq Computer Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Faulk, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US08/520,756
• Time in Patent Office: 714 Days
• Field of Search: 363/37, 363/41, 363/95, 363/98, 363/97, 363/132, 318/801, 318/811, 388/811
• US Class Current: 363/41
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

In a switching converter that delivers power to a load, a transition between higher load and lower load modes is controlled by varying the width of switch control pulses in one operating phase and blanking individual pulses in another operating phase. Alternatively, in yet another operating phase the time interval between switch control pulses is varied and, at a given load condition, the time interval between successive pulses remains essentially constant.

Claims

1. A method of controlling, in a switching converter that is controlled by switch control pulses and that delivers power to a load, a transition between higher load and lower load modes, comprising:

in a first operating phase when the load is above a first threshold, varying the output power by varying the width of the switch control pulses, and

in a second operating phase when the load is below the first threshold, modulating periodic blanking pulses wherein each blanking pulse blanks a single switch control pulse and the frequency of the periodic blanking pulses increases to decrease output power.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein, in the second operating phase, a single switch control pulse is periodically blanked with increased frequency until every other switch control pulse is blanked when the load has fallen to a second threshold.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising, in a third operating phase when the load is below the second threshold, modulating periodic enabling pulses wherein each enabling pulse enables a single switch control pulse and the frequency of the periodic enabling pulses decreases to decrease output power.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein, in the third operating phase, the single switch control pulses are enabled at a frequency that is no greater than half the frequency of switch control pulses in the first operating phase.

5. A method of controlling, in a switching converter that is controlled by switch control pulses and that delivers power to a load, a transition between higher load and lower load modes, comprising:

in a first operating phase, prior to the load falling to a first threshold, regulating the output of the converter by regulating the width of constant frequency switch control pulses,

in a second operating phase, after the load falls below the first threshold, regulating the output of the converter by periodically blanking an individual switch control pulse at a varying rate, and

in a third operating phase, after the load falls below a second threshold, regulating the output of the converter by varying the intervals between the leading edges of said pulses.

6. A method of controlling the switching operation of a converter that is controlled by switch control pulses and that delivers power to a load, comprising:

in a higher load mode, varying the widths of switch control pulses to accommodate variations in the load, and

in a lower load mode, modulating periodic enabling pulses wherein each enabling pulse enables a single switch control pulse and the frequency of the enabling pulses decreases to decrease output power.

7. Apparatus for controlling, in a switching converter that is controlled by switch control pulses and that delivers power to a load, a transition from higher load to lower load modes, comprising:

a pulse width modulator for regulating the output power in a first operating phase; and

pulse blanking circuitry for periodically blanking single ones of said switch control pulses in a second operating phase, the switch control pulses being blanked with increased frequency to decrease output power.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising, pulse spreading circuitry for increasing the intervals between the leading edges of successive pulses during a third operating phase.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the first operating phase corresponds to loads above a first threshold, the second operating phase corresponds to loads below the first threshold and above a second threshold, and the third operating phase corresponds to loads below the second threshold.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the pulse width modulator produces pulses having a minimum pulse width for loads below the first threshold.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein, in the second operating phase and as the load drops toward the second threshold, the blanking of individual minimum-pulse-width pulses by the pulse blanking circuitry increases in frequency until reaching a frequency wherein every other pulse is blanked.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the pulse spreading circuitry comprises blanking circuitry that produces, during the third operating phase, a blanking pulse that blanks pulses of the minimum-pulse width pulse train.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein, in the third operating phase and as the load drops from the second threshold, the blanking of minimum-pulse-width pulses by the pulse spreading circuitry'"'"'s blanking circuitry increases in duration such that, at the higher-load end of the third operating phase, every other pulse is blanked, and, as the load drops, an increasing number of consecutive pulses is blanked between a single passed pulse.