Radio based collision detection for wireless communication system

• US 5,657,326 A
• Filed: 12/20/1994
• Issued: 08/12/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: 3Com Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Podell, Allen, Burns, Lawrence M., Ramachandran, Ravi, Fisher, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kizou, Hassan
• Application Number:
  US08/359,539
• Time in Patent Office: 966 Days
• Field of Search: 370/32, 370/85.2, 370/85.3, 370/94.1, 370/95.1, 370/95.3, 370/310, 370/329, 370/341, 370/349, 370/445, 375/272, 375/303, 375/334
• US Class Current: 370/349
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2017 in which the phase changes are non-linear, e.g. generalized and Gaussian minimum shift keying, tamed frequency modulation H04L27/201 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/00 Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Abstract

A collision detection method and apparatus which is suitable for use in a wireless CSMA/CD network, or other wireless networks where collision detection is provided. The apparatus includes a detector which detects intermodulation or other mixing products of colliding data transmissions at a station in the network, and a signal processor which indicates collisions between the data transmissions based upon characteristics of the intermodulation products. The system is capable of detecting collisions, both between transmissions from the station on which the device is located and transmissions from other sources, and between two transmissions being received from other sources. The station includes a transmitter having an input for a data packet. Resources coupled to the input add a header to the data packet, the header having characteristics monitored by the collision detector circuitry including a pseudo-random bit sequence. Data transmission signals are supplied to the transmitter in response to the header and the data packet. Thus, collisions occurring during transmission of the header sequence have intervals during which a mismatch occurs between the colliding signal and the data transmission.

Claims

1. An apparatus for a station on a wireless communication channel, which detects collisions between data transmissions in the wireless communication channel, comprising:

a detector which detects mixing products of colliding data transmissions at the station; and

signal processing resources, coupled to the detector, which indicate collisions between data transmissions based upon characteristics of the mixing products, wherein the data transmissions comprise a frequency modulated carrier having a center frequency, a low frequency below the center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the center frequency representing a second data value, and the signal processing resources are responsive to a mixing product based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

2. An apparatus for a station on a wireless communication channel, which detects collisions between data transmissions in the wireless communication channel, comprising:

a detector which detects mixing products of colliding data transmissions at the station; and

signal processing resources, coupled to the detector, which indicate collisions between data transmissions based upon characteristics of the mixing products, wherein the station includes

a transmitter, the transmitter including an amplifier having a nonlinear response to colliding signals which produces intermodulation products, and the detector comprises;

a filter coupled to the transmitter which passes an intermodulation product characteristic of colliding data transmissions to the signal processing resources.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the signal processing resources comprise circuitry which generates a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the intermodulation product passed by the filter.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the data transmissions comprise a frequency modulated carrier having a nominal center frequency, a low frequency below the nominal center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the nominal center frequency representing a second data value, and the intermodulation product passed by the filter is based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

5. An apparatus for a station on a wireless communication channel, which detects collisions between data transmissions in the wireless communication channel, comprising:

a detector which detects mixing products of colliding data transmissions at the station; and

signal processing resources, coupled to the detector, which indicate collisions between data transmissions based upon characteristics of the mixing products, wherein the station comprises a receiver, and the detector comprises a nonlinear device coupled to the receiver which produces intermodulation products, and a filter coupled to the nonlinear device which passes an intermodulation product characteristic of colliding data transmissions to the signal processing resources.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the signal processing resources comprise circuitry which generates a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the intermodulation product passed by the filter.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the data transmissions comprise a frequency modulated carrier having a nominal center frequency, a low frequency below the nominal center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the nominal center frequency representing a second data value, and the intermodulation product passed by the filter is based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

8. A station for a wireless link in a network, comprising:

a transmitter to supply a data transmission from the station;

a transmit collision detector, coupled to the transmitter, which detects collisions between the data transmission from the station and data transmissions from other sources received during the transmission;

a receiver to receive data transmissions from other sources;

a receive collision detector, coupled to the receiver, which detects collisions between data transmissions at the station from other sources.

9. The station of claim 8, wherein the transmitter includes a nonlinear device which produces intermodulation products characteristic of colliding data transmissions, and the transmit collision detector is responsive to the intermodulation products.

10. The station of claim 8, wherein the transmitter includes a transistor with a collector or drain circuit which produces intermodulation products in the collector or drain circuit characteristic of colliding data transmissions, and the transmit collision detector is responsive to the intermodulation products.

11. The station of claim 8, wherein the transmitter includes:

an amplifier driving the data transmission;

an input which receives a data packet for transmission;

resources coupled to the input which add a header to the data packet, the header having characteristics monitored by the transmit collision detector and the receive collision detector, and which supply a data transmission signal to the amplifier in response to the header and the data packet.

12. The station of claim 11, wherein the header comprises a sequence assigned to the transmitter intended to be different than sequences assigned to other transmitters in the wireless link, so that collisions occurring during transmission of the sequence have intervals during which a mismatch occurs between the colliding signal and the data transmission.

13. The station of claim 12, wherein the data transmission has a bit period during which a single bit is transmitted, and the transmitter has a characteristic settling time;

and wherein the header comprises a sequence of symbols, each symbol having a data value and lasting a plurality of bit periods longer than the settling time.

14. The station of claim 13, wherein the header further includes a clock reference field.

15. The station of claim 8, wherein the transmit collision detector comprises:

a filter coupled to the transmitter which passes an intermodulation product characteristic of colliding data transmissions to the signal processing resources; and

the receive collision detector comprises

a filter coupled to the transmitter which passes an intermodulation product characteristic of colliding data transmissions to the signal processing resources.

16. The station of claim 15, wherein the signal processing resources comprise circuitry which generates a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the intermodulation product passed by the filters in the transmit and receive collision detectors.

17. The station of claim 16, wherein the data transmissions comprise a frequency modulated carrier having a nominal center frequency, a low frequency below the nominal center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the nominal center frequency representing a second data value, and the intermodulation product passed by the filters is based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

18. A station for a wireless link in a network, comprising:

a transmitter, including an amplifier coupled to supply a data transmission in response to a data transmission signal;

an input which receives a digital data packet for transmission;

resources which apply a header to the digital data packet;

frequency modulation circuitry coupled to the input which supplies a data transmission signal to the amplifier which comprises a carrier frequency modulated in response to the header and the digital data packet;

a transmit collision detector, coupled to the transmitter, which detects mixing products of the data transmission from the amplifier and signals from other sources received during the transmission;

a receiver;

signal processing resources, coupled to the transmit collision detector, which indicate collisions between data transmissions based upon characteristics of the mixing products.

19. The station of claim 18, wherein the frequency modulation circuitry produces gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation.

20. The station of claim 18, wherein the data transmission signal comprises a carrier having a nominal center frequency, a low frequency below the nominal center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the nominal center frequency representing a second data value, and the mixing product detected by the detector is based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

21. The station of claim 18, wherein the transmit collision detector comprises:

a filter coupled to amplifier in the transmitter which passes the mixing product; and

wherein the signal processing resources comprise circuitry which generates a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the mixing product passed by the filter.

22. The station of claim 21, including a nonlinear device which produces intermodulation products of data transmissions received from other sources, and a receive collision detector, coupled to the receiver, which detects intermodulation products characteristic of collisions between data transmissions from other sources;

and wherein the receive collision detector comprises;

a filter coupled to the nonlinear device in the receiver which passes the intermodulation product; and

wherein the signal processing resources comprise circuitry which generates a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the intermodulation product passed by the filter.

23. The station of claim 18, wherein the header comprises a sequence having characteristics which enhance the mixing products detected by the detector.

24. The station of claim 23, wherein the header comprises a sequence assigned to the station intended to be different than sequences assigned to other stations in the wireless link, so that collisions occurring during transmission of the sequence have intervals during which a mismatch occurs between the colliding signal and the data transmission.

25. The station of claim 24, wherein the data transmission has a bit period during which a single bit is transmitted, and the station has a characteristic settling time, and wherein the header comprises a sequence of symbols, each symbol having a data value and lasting a plurality of bit periods longer than the settling time.

26. The station of claim 25, wherein the header further includes a clock reference field.

27. A method for detecting collisions in a station on a wireless link of a network operating a carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) protocol, comprising:

applying a header to data packets to be transmitted on the wireless link which includes a collision detect sequence for the station including collision detect symbols having a duration longer than a characteristic settling time for the wireless link;

producing mixing products in the station between the collision detect sequence in data transmissions by the station and signals from other sources; and

processing the mixing products to detect collisions between data transmissions.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the step of processing includes sampling the mixing products in an interval of time near a change in value in the collision detect symbols of the header during data transmissions by the station on the wireless communication channel.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the interval of time occurs just prior to a change in value in the collision detect symbols.

30. A method for detecting collisions in a station on a wireless link of a network operating a carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) protocol, comprising:

applying a header to data packets to be transmitted on the wireless link;

producing mixing products in the station between data transmissions by the station and signals from other sources; and

processing the mixing products to detect collisions between data transmissions, wherein the header comprises a sequence of symbols assigned to the station intended to be different than sequences assigned to other stations in the wireless link, so that collisions occurring during transmission of the sequence have intervals during which a mismatch occurs between the colliding signal and the data transmission.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the data transmission has a bit period during which a single bit is transmitted, and the station has a characteristic settling time, and wherein the header comprises a sequence of symbols, each symbol having a data value and lasting a plurality of bit periods longer than the settling time.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the header further includes a clock reference field.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein the step of processing includes sampling the mixing products in an interval of time near a change in value in the symbols of the sequence of symbols in the header during data transmissions by the station on the wireless communication channel.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the interval of time occurs just prior to a change in value in the symbols.

35. A method for detecting collisions in a station on a wireless link of a network operating a carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) protocol, comprising:

applying a header to data packets to be transmitted on the wireless;

producing mixing products in the station between the header in data packets transmitted by the station and signals from other sources; and

processing the mixing products to detect collisions between data transmissions, wherein the data transmission comprises a carrier having a nominal center frequency, a low frequency below the nominal center frequency representing a first data value, and a high frequency above the nominal center frequency representing a second data value, and the mixing product produced is based on a difference between the low frequency and the high frequency.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of producing comprises filtering signals at the stations to pass the mixing product;

and

the step of processing includes generating a collision detect signal in response to amplitude of the mixing product passed by the step of filtering.